wh chapter
genghis khan
-mongol leader -imposed strict military discipline & demanded absolute loyalty -could be ruthless or generous
mongol peace
could travel and trade safetly
du fu
described the horrors of war or condemned the lavishness of the court -a poet
foot binding
emerged in the later years of the Song dynasty -the feet of young girls were bound with long strips of cloth, producing a lily-shaped foot about half the size of a normal foot
wu zhao
empress ___ helped restore the han system of uniform government throughout China -Tang ruler/dynasty
marco polo
going to spend 17 years living with Khubilai Khan -writes the travels of Marco Polo
zheng he
he was a muslim admiral and diplomat -commanded the first of seven expeditions in the Indian Ocean (not an explorer, only conducts)
genghis khan
his father was poisoned by the Tatars, his mother and family became outcast so his motivation became revenge as a leader (leader of the Mongols)
merchants
in china ___ have the lowest status because they are selling something that someone else made -they aren't doing any labor
mongals
nomadic people who grazed their horses & sheep on the steppes
black death
occured under the Mongols empire -plague -caused by fleas on rats
li qingzhao
poet who described the experience of women left behind when loved ones went off to war -a girl -poems reflect a time when invasion threatened to bring the brilliant Song dynasty to an end
khubilai Khan
ruler of the dynasty and Genghis Khan's grandson
caffa
the Mongols can't take ___ so they end up launching dead bodies infected by the plague -biological warfare
mongols
the __ attack and overthrow the Song dynasty
traders
the __ carry the black plague because of the silk road
yuan
the __ dynasty declined after the death of Kublai Khan -heavy taxes, corruption, natural disasters
ming
the __ dynasty restored Chinese rule
tang
the __ dynasty reunites China after the Han dynasty ended
song
the __ dynasty was after the Tang dynasty
song
the __ dynasty was larger than the Tang dynasty but controlled less territory
tang
the __ dynasty: -created land reforms
tang
the __ dynasty: -rebuilt the bureaucracy and enlarged the civil service system to recruit talented officials trading in Confucian philosophy
tang
the __ dynasty: set up schools to prepare male students for the exams & developed a flexible new law code
silk road
the __ is the major trading route between east and west Asia
song
the __ period saw the triumph of Chinese landscape paintings -daoist tradition
grand canal
the __ reached its peak during the Song dynasty, when thousands of tons of grains were shipped to northern China each year
feudalism
the __ social order: (pre plague) -kings -landowners -warriors (knights) -peasants
mongols
the __ were the ones who launched the dead bodies killed by the bubonic plague to the island of Caffa
mongols
the ___ assaults conquered empires and spread destruction from southern Russia through Muslim lands in Southwest Asia to China
yuan dynasty
the ___ dynasty is when the Mongols ruled China
mongols
the ___ used horses in battle therefore giving them a huge advantage -horses were first domesticated in Mongol -even though they were out numbered on the battlefield they had this advantage (horses)
grand canal
the ___ was built under the Song dynasty -completed during the Sui dynasty -linked the Huang River to the Chang River
grand canal
the ___ was created under the Sui dynasty but became vital to the economy under the Song dynasty
mongol
the ____ empire: -stretches from the east to west asia -the greatest, largest land empire in history
civil service exam
the _____ is what scholars would study for years to pass
bubonic plague
the black death is also known as the ___
ming
the dynasty after the Yuan dynasty
tang dynasty
the dynasty that emerged in 618
li yuan
the first tang emperor -general under the Sui dynaty -established the tang dynasty by him and his son revolting
zhao kuangyin
the general who founded the Song dynasty
li bo
the greatest tang poet -lover of life & freedom -constantly moved -wrote 2,000 poems that celebrated harmony with nature or lamenting the passage of time
confucian official
the ideal ___ was a wise, virtuous scholar who knew how to ensure harmony in society
dowry
the payment that a woman brings to a marriage
grand canal
the result of the ___ being built was that food grown in the south of Asia could be shipped to the capital in the north
Li Shimin
the son of Li Yuan -urged his father to step down so he can take the thrown as emperor of the Tang dynasty -changed his name to Tang Taizong
tributary states
the states remained self-governing but their rules had to acknowledge Chinese Supremacy and send regular tribute to the Tang emperor
arabs
the tang dynasty lost territories in Central Asia to the __ -beginning of the decline of the Tang dynasty -led to corruption, high taxes, drought, famine, & rebellions
zheng he
the year ___- died, the Ming emperor suddenly banned the building of seagoing ships
kublai khan
the yuan dynasty declined after the death of __ because of heavy taxes, corruption, & natural disasters
ming
this dynasty's name means brilliant
true
true or false: -short stories that often blended fantasy, romance, & adventure made their first appearance in Chinese history under the Tang and Song dynasty
true
true or false: China's cities, which had been mainly centers of government, now became centers of trade under the Tang & Song dynasty
true
true or false: Zheng He was forgotten because he did not make much of an impact -Christopher Columbus did and that is why we remember him
true
true or false: after the black death, religion was not held to high importance because everyone blamed the church for it so then science specifically medicine was the new focus
true
true or false: after the plague peasants jump to landowners spots because so many people were dying, that lots of land was available and cheap -landowners became peasants because their land was invaluable
true
true or false: becaues of Zheng He's expeditions the Ming dynasty had unified the "seas and continents" even more than the Han and Tang had done
true
true or false: during the Tang dynasty, students from Korea and Japan traveled to the Tang capital to learn about Chinese government, laws, and arts
true
true or false: in order to intimidate and disorient the people who attacked them, the Mongols scattered with their horses (circled the enemy) and would shoot bow n arrows at them
true
true or false: land reformers strengthened the central government by weakening the power of large landowners -also increased government revenues, since the peasants who farmed their own land would be able to pay taxes
true
true or false: most chinese were peasants who worked the land, living on what they produced -peasants could move up in society through education and government services
true
true or false: the Mongols and Chinese launched missiles against each other from metal tubes filled with gunpowder
true
true or false: the Mongols destroyed Sichuan & its capital city of Chengdu
true
true or false: the Song scholar-gentry (wealthy landowning class) valued learning more than physical labor
true
true or false: the black plague died because the decrease in population caused by the plague was so bad
true
true or false: the tang and song dynasty sought balance and harmony through the mastery of the simple strokes and lines
true
true or false: under the Song dynasty new schools of Confucian philosophers emphasized social order based on duty, rank, and proper behavior
true
true or false: with Zheng He the goal of each expedition was to promote trade and collect tribute from lesser powers across the "western seas" -wanted to earn respect -goes to Malacca, India, Arabia, East Africa, etc. -300 ships & 27,000 sailors
true
true or false: women in the song dynasty were in charge of family affairs
genghis khan
under ___ ruling, the Mongols conquered a vast empire that stretched from the Pacific ocean to Eastern Europe
porcelian
under the Tang & Song dynasty in China, the beginning of __ comes into play -made beautiful vases & tea service objects
song
under the __ dynasty these things were traded: -gunpowder -government issued paper money -porcelain
steppes
vast, treeless plains of central Asia
sui
what dynasty created the grand canal?
song
what dynasty made the grand canal successful?
tributary states
what the neighboring lands of Vietnam, Tibet, & Korea became -under the Tang Dynasty
land reform
when the Tang emperors broke up a large agricultural holdings and redistributed the land to peasants
genghis khan
who was Temujin for the Mongols?
tartars and chins (jin)
who were the Mongols' chief Asian rivals?
central asia
Genghis Khan moved west into ___ after overcoming the Chinese
venice, italy
Marco Polo was from _____
ming
Zheng He was under the __ dynasty
song
__ dynasty: -Chinese economy expanded because of improved farming methods & open border policy -face growing rice to be imported from southeast Asia
daoism
__ is all about nature & harmony with it
buddhist
__ themes dominated sculpture and influenced Chinese architecture under the Tang and Song dynasty
rice
__ was a very prosperous crop under the Song dynasty
poetry
__ was the most respected form of Chinese literature -was about Buddhist & Daoist themes & social issues -reflected on the shortness of life & the immensity of the universe
urban religious
___ & ___ communities were hit the hardest by the bubonic/black plague
genghis khan
___ name means universal leader
foot binding
___ reinforced the Confucian tradition that woman should remain inside the house because they could not walk anymore after this tradition was performed without help
genghis khan
___ territory was on the Silk Road
daoism
____ tradition is very evident in the artwork of the Song dynasty
Christopher columbus
____, 60 years after China halted overseas expeditions, sailed west from Spain in search of a sea route to Asia and came to America (changed history)
pagoda
a multi-storied temple with eaves that curve up at the corners -what the Indian Stupa evolved to
marco polo
a traveler and adventurer from Venice, Italy
caffa
another name for the Crimean Peninsula
gentry
another name for the wealthy landowning class
scholars
at the top of China's social class pyramid were the ___
tang taizong
became China's most admired emperor -brilliant general, government reformer, historian, and master of the calligraphy brush
gentry peasantry
China's two main social classes were the ___ & ____
