WH Chapters 11 and 13

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goods or money paid by conquered people to their conquerors

tribute

how did the toltec irrigate beans, maize, and pepper

tula river (two t's)

in what year did the first spanish ship carry enslaved africans directly from africa to the americas

1518

similarity between maya, aztec, and inca economy

agriculture

why do historians not know more about the ancient civilizations of mesoamerica

because the conquering peoples destroyed many religious artifacts and leveled cities

what did the aztec do

built monumental architecture engaged in war

how did the iroquois settle their differences after the iroquois league was formed

by the deliberation of the grand council

maya gov

city states w a ruling class thought to be descended from the gods

iroquois group made up of

clans

spanish conquerors of the americas were known as

conquistadors

"three sisters" american crops

corn, beans, and squash

what did Pachcuti do

dived the empires into 4 quarters each ruled by a governor

inca gov

emperor claimed to be related to sun god empire divided into 4 quarters

which nation controlled most of the eastern seaboard of north america by the end of the 1600s

england

what caused death in aztec and inca pop

european diseases

first explorer to sail around the whole world

ferdinand magellan

chiefs motives for european expansion

god, glory, and gold

Maya writing system based on

hieroglyphs

how did MAYANS appease their god

human sacrifice

who were the first people to cross the bering strait from asia to north america

hunters and gatherers

which ruler granted encomienda to the spanish settlers in the americas

isabella

what was an effect of the columbian exchange

it transformed the diet in both hemispheres

set of principles dominated economic thought in the 17 century

mercantilism

what did the incas have

method to keep records

allowed authorities to draft natives to work in silver mines

mita system

aztec gov

monarchy oversaw semi-independent territories governed by local lords

what can be said about ethnic groups of mexico

most mexicans are descendants of spanish and native american peoples

offsprings of africans and europeans

mulattoes

latin american society

multiracial

large agricultural estates

plantations

similarity between maya aztec and inca culture

polytheistic

country that took the lead in european along the west african coast

portugal

multi stories that housed many of the Anasazi

pueblos

why was the iroquois league important

put an end to the war in iroquois

who did cortez conquer

the aztecs

what impact did european mercantilism have on colonies in the americas

the production of cash crops, such as sugar cane and tobacco, became important in main latin american colonies

trading route that connected europe, africa, and the americas

triangular trade

when did agriculture arise in the americas

when the olmec began farming along the riverbanks of the gulf of mexico

maize

corn

inca ruler

Pachacuti


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