WH Chapters 11 and 13
goods or money paid by conquered people to their conquerors
tribute
how did the toltec irrigate beans, maize, and pepper
tula river (two t's)
in what year did the first spanish ship carry enslaved africans directly from africa to the americas
1518
similarity between maya, aztec, and inca economy
agriculture
why do historians not know more about the ancient civilizations of mesoamerica
because the conquering peoples destroyed many religious artifacts and leveled cities
what did the aztec do
built monumental architecture engaged in war
how did the iroquois settle their differences after the iroquois league was formed
by the deliberation of the grand council
maya gov
city states w a ruling class thought to be descended from the gods
iroquois group made up of
clans
spanish conquerors of the americas were known as
conquistadors
"three sisters" american crops
corn, beans, and squash
what did Pachcuti do
dived the empires into 4 quarters each ruled by a governor
inca gov
emperor claimed to be related to sun god empire divided into 4 quarters
which nation controlled most of the eastern seaboard of north america by the end of the 1600s
england
what caused death in aztec and inca pop
european diseases
first explorer to sail around the whole world
ferdinand magellan
chiefs motives for european expansion
god, glory, and gold
Maya writing system based on
hieroglyphs
how did MAYANS appease their god
human sacrifice
who were the first people to cross the bering strait from asia to north america
hunters and gatherers
which ruler granted encomienda to the spanish settlers in the americas
isabella
what was an effect of the columbian exchange
it transformed the diet in both hemispheres
set of principles dominated economic thought in the 17 century
mercantilism
what did the incas have
method to keep records
allowed authorities to draft natives to work in silver mines
mita system
aztec gov
monarchy oversaw semi-independent territories governed by local lords
what can be said about ethnic groups of mexico
most mexicans are descendants of spanish and native american peoples
offsprings of africans and europeans
mulattoes
latin american society
multiracial
large agricultural estates
plantations
similarity between maya aztec and inca culture
polytheistic
country that took the lead in european along the west african coast
portugal
multi stories that housed many of the Anasazi
pueblos
why was the iroquois league important
put an end to the war in iroquois
who did cortez conquer
the aztecs
what impact did european mercantilism have on colonies in the americas
the production of cash crops, such as sugar cane and tobacco, became important in main latin american colonies
trading route that connected europe, africa, and the americas
triangular trade
when did agriculture arise in the americas
when the olmec began farming along the riverbanks of the gulf of mexico
maize
corn
inca ruler
Pachacuti