WHAP CH 14 test

In the period between 1500 and 1866, approximately how many Africans suffered shipment across the Atlantic in the Middle Passage?

12.5 million

Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of silver production on Japan as compared to Spain?

Japan did considerably better than Spain, using silver-generated profits to unify the country politically and to transition to a market-based economy.

In what way was Spanish colonial practice in the Philippines similar to that of Spanish America?

Large-scale landed estates were established.

What gave the Portuguese a decisive military advantage when they first arrived in the Indian Ocean?

Onboard cannons

Which of the following does David Brion Davis argue was the origin of European racism?

Racial stereotypes along with black slavery itself were transmitted from Muslims to Christians.

Which of the following is true of Asian merchants in the seventeenth century?

Southeast Asian women continued their long tradition of involvement in international trade.

What was one main difference between how the British East India Company operated in Mughal India and how the Dutch East India Company operated in what is now Indonesia?

The British negotiated treaties with local Indian rulers while the Dutch established control through conquest and colonization.

What was one main difference between the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the Portuguese strongholds in the Indian Ocean basin?

The Spanish converted Filipinos to Christianity while the Portuguese often blended into the local populations.

Which of the following statements describes the Dutch East India Company's activity in the Spice Islands?

They brutally seized control of a number of spice-producing islands.

Which of the following statements best reflects Portuguese activities in the Indian Ocean over the course of the sixteenth century?

They largely monopolized the trade route around Africa to Europe.

To what primary use did Europeans put beaver fur?

They used beaver fur to make hats.

Which of the following motivated the Portuguese to find a new sea route around Africa to India?

They wanted to circumvent both Muslim and Venetian monopolies on goods from India.

Which of the following was a feature unique to the North American fur trade in the early modern period?

Competition between European traders meant that furs were obtained largely through commercial negotiations with the local population.

Which of the following was the most immediate motivation for Europeans to find a sea route to India?

Desire for spices

Which of the following statements best reflects European political control in Asia during the seventeenth century?

European political control was limited to the Philippines, parts of Java, and a few Spice Islands.

Which of the following describes an effect of the European presence in the Indian Ocean on existing Asian commercial networks?

Europeans created a network that became just one among a number of thriving Asian commercial networks.

What role did Europeans primarily play in the global trade in silver in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Europeans served as middlemen funneling American silver to Asia.

What role did the silver trade play in the Atlantic slave trade?

Europeans used the silver to buy cowrie shells, Indian textiles, and other goods much in demand in Africa.

Which of the following statements best describes how furs were harvested in North America?

For the most part, Native Americans hunted or trapped the animals and traded them to Europeans.

Which European state operated in Siam, only to be expelled in 1688?

France

Which European power pushed into the Canadian Hudson Bay region in pursuit of furs during the seventeenth century?

Great Britain

Which of the following was an important development for Native American women caused by the fur trade?

Household tools and clothing made by Native American women became less valuable because of the ready availability of European trade goods.

Which of the following was an important similarity between the fur trade in Siberia and North America during the early modern period?

In both regions, populations of fur-bearing animals were seriously depleted.

Which of the following describes an effect of the silver trade on Spain?

It enabled Spanish rulers to pursue military and political ambitions in Europe and the Americas.

Which of the following was an effect of Native American trade with Europeans?

It enhanced the authority of Native American chiefs.

Which of the following describes how the fur trade affected indigenous peoples in North America?

It generated warfare among different groups of Native Americans.

Which of the following statements best describes European weather conditions during much of the early modern period?

It suffered a cooling period known as the "Little Ice Age."

What was the purpose of the Lemba cult that appeared along the lower and middle stretches of the Congo River during the seventeenth century?

It was a cult that sought to maintain elite privileges in a region experiencing the disruptive impact of the slave trade.

Which of the following statements best describes Portugal's empire in the Indian Ocean?

It was a trading post empire.

Which of the following best describes the Portuguese establishment of a trade route around Africa to the Indian Ocean in the fifteenth century?

It was the outcome of a deliberate, systematic, century-long Portuguese effort to explore a sea route to the east.

Where was an enormously rich silver deposit discovered in the sixteenth century?

Japan

Which of the following statements best describes Japan in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

Japan successfully created a flourishing commercialized economy.

Which of the following statements best reflects the experience of Native Americans involved in the fur trade?

Native Americans frequently traded furs for reasonable prices using the proceeds to substantially improve their lives.

Which of the following was an important route by which silver from the Spanish Americas flowed to China?

Spanish American silver was used in Europe to buy Chinese goods.

Which of the following statements best describes the first direct, sustained trade network across the Pacific Ocean?

Spanish fleets transported silver from Acapulco in Mexico to Manila in the Philippines where it was traded.

Which of the following statements best reflects the experience of women in the Bolivian mining town of Potos in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

Spanish women rented out buildings they owned for commercial purposes.

What impact did the fur trade have on Native American traditional crafts?

Superior manufactured goods secured from European traders led to a collapse in native craft production.

Which of the following distinguished the British East India Company from the Dutch East India Company in the seventeenth century?

The British focused on the trade in Indian cotton textiles to a much greater degree than their Dutch counterparts.

Which of the following was a long-term impact of the new global silver trade in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

The Chinese economy became more commercialized than ever before.

Which of the following developments in the early modern period provided incentives for Europeans to go into the fur trade?

The Little Ice Age

Which of the following was established as a Spanish colony in the sixteenth century?

The Philippine Islands

Which of the following was a result of the fur trade in North America in the early modern period?

The dependence of Native Americans on European trade goods

Which of the following statements is true of the slave trade in Africa?

The kingdom of Dahomey was deeply involved in the slave trade, but under strict royal control.

What was a long-term development in the Atlantic slave trade during the early modern period?

The trade progressively penetrated into the interior of Africa.

How did the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s affect the global economy?

The value of silver around the world skyrocketed.

Which of the following statements best describes the Portuguese entry into Indian Ocean trade?

They adopted a policy of attacking and destroying native ships and ports to achieve dominance by force.

What did the Portuguese do after they established sea routes to the Indian Ocean?

They conquered several strategic port cities.

Which of the following statements best describes the early British East India Company's approach to trade in India?

They established trade networks by paying or bribing local authorities to allow them to operate because British presence in India was weak.

Which of the following statements best describes the early British East India Company's approach to trade in India?

They established trade networks by paying or bribing local authorities to allow them to operate.

How did the Tokugawa shoguns treat Europeans in Japan in the early seventeenth century?

They expelled all Europeans except the Dutch.

Which describes the role Europeans played in the economy of the early modern era?

They were essentially middlemen funneling American silver to Asia.

Which of the following statements is true of Christianity in Japan during the early modern period?

Thousands of Christians were executed when the faith was suppressed in the early seventeenth century.

In what way was the Siberian fur trade different from that in North America?

Unlike North American authorities, Russian authorities acquired furs as tribute from their Siberian subjects.

In what way was the Siberian fur trade different from that of North America in the early modern period?

Unlike in North America, in Siberia many Russians hunted and trapped furs themselves.

Which of the following became a more prominent feature of Native American society following the establishment of the fur trade in a region?

Warfare

Which of the following was an effect of Native American trade with Europeans?

Warfare increased among Native Americans.

From which region of Africa did most slaves sent to the Americas originate?

West

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the slave trade on African societies?

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the slave trade on African societies?

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of European fur trade on Native American women?

Women experienced a number of positive and negative developments that both improved and reduced their status.

The first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia was the trade in

silver.

The emergence of Japan as a major source of silver production in the sixteenth century contributed to

the end of civil war and the unification of Japan.

In what way was Spanish colonial practice in the Philippines similar to that of Spanish America?

A major Catholic missionary effort accompanied Spanish rule.

Which of the following statements best reflects the textile trade in the early modern period?

Because of greater productivity in Chinese industries, silks were considerably cheaper than Spanish textiles at the beginning of the seventeenth century.

The huge economy of which country was at the heart of early modern global commerce?

China