WHAP Chapter 5 MCQ Review
Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world? A) The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies B) Increased availability of Asian indentured labor C) A decline in the number of enslaved persons being taken from Africa D) The efforts of industrialists to create a more flexible workforce
A) The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies
All of the following claims made by Saint-Maurice in Source 2 directly advocate for the abolition of slavery in Saint-Domingue EXCEPT A) that "White hands will never suffice to work the land under a burning sun" B) that "He is your equal, because he is a man" C) that "everything tells you that man will no longer be the slave of man" D) that "neither the nation nor the Supreme Being created slaves"
A) that "White hands will never suffice to work the land under a burning sun"
Which of the following claims does Napoleon make about religion in the document al-Jabarti quotes in the second paragraph? A) The French had come to abolish Islam. B) The French had come to convert Egypt to Christianity. C) The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt. D) The French state was not based on the principles of the Enlightenment.
C) The French did not wish to change the religion of the people of Egypt.
Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750-1900? A) Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories. B) Because greater quantities of food could be sold at higher prices, governments could tax farmers at higher rates and use those revenues to build factories. C) Because farmers needed less land to produce the same amount of food, they could build textile factories on the excess land. D) Because the nutritional quality of food greatly improved, more people were able to sustain the long working hours that factory labor required.
A) Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.
The industrialization of Great Britain's economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following? A) Britain had large reserves of coal. B) British scientists were the first to discover electricity. C) British engineers developed new methods of producing cheaper steel. D) Britain had large reserves of petroleum.
A) Britain had large reserves of coal.
In contrast to initial industrialization, the second Industrial Revolution in the last half of the nineteenth century was particularly associated with the mass production of which of the following? A) Electricity, steel, and chemicals B) Textiles, automobiles, and plastics C) Textiles, iron, and coal D) Airplanes, ships, and radios
A) Electricity, steel, and chemicals
The Indian liberal view of women discussed in the passage is best understood in the context of which of the following? A) Emerging women's suffrage and feminist movements B) The predominantly male migration of Indian indentured labor overseas C) The development of more effective means of birth control D) Changes in gender roles as a result of Indian industrialization
A) Emerging women's suffrage and feminist movements
Based on Bayly's argument, Indian liberal ideas were most clearly influenced by which of the following? A) Enlightenment concepts of natural rights B) Classical Indian religious and philosophical traditions C) Marxist political theories of class struggle D) Laissez-faire capitalism espoused by European thinkers
A) Enlightenment concepts of natural rights
Japan's industrialization during the Meiji period and the Soviet Union's industrialization during the 1920s and 1930s had which of the following characteristics in common? A) Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative. B) The working classes of both countries began to rebel against poor working conditions and to join political parties. C) Foreign investment capital financed both industrialization programs. D) Both governments aimed to maintain women's inferior status while continuing to work on making economic progress.
A) Industrialization in both countries was achieved largely through state direction rather than through private initiative.
Which of the following was the main factor leading to the fall of Japan's Tokugawa shogunate and the rise of the Meiji government? A) Pressure from Western powers B) Pressure from an increasingly powerful China C) Large-scale radical peasant rebellion D) Economic instability and hyperinflation
A) Pressure from Western powers
Zeng Guofan's analysis of the situation in China in 1854 was likely influenced by which of the following? A) The Confucian notion of the dynastic cycle B) The absolutist notion of the divine right of kings C) The Buddhist notion of avoiding violence against any living thing D) The Daoist notion of being in harmony with nature
A) The Confucian notion of the dynastic cycle
"Liberty and justice consist of restoring all that belongs to others; thus, the only limits on the exercise of the natural rights of woman are perpetual male tyranny; these limits are to be reformed by the laws of nature and reason." Olympe de Gouges, French feminist, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, 1791 The passage above is an example of which of the following processes occurring in the eighteenth century? A) The application of Enlightenment ideas B) The growth of empirical science C) The formation of separatist movements D) The emergence of nationalism
A) The application of Enlightenment ideas
Which of the following was a widespread social consequence of industrialization in the 1800s? A) The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas B) An increase in the power and prestige of the landowning aristocracy C) The general leveling of social hierarchies based on wealth D) A decline in the social status of women
A) The creation of a wage-earning working class concentrated in urban areas
By 1830 revolutions in the Atlantic world resulted in which of the following changes? A) The political independence of colonies in both North and South America B) The creation of a politically unified South America C) The emancipation of slaves everywhere in the Atlantic world D) Political and economic domination of the Western Hemisphere by the United States
A) The political independence of colonies in both North and South America
The policies of the Meiji reformers brought about which of the following in Japan? A) The promotion of rapid industrialization B) The collapse of the industrial sector of the economy C) A reduction in military expenditures D) An improvement in the economic condition of the peasants E) An increase in isolationism among government leaders
A) The promotion of rapid industrialization
A historian interpreting the decree would best understand the purpose of the "new legislation" referred to in the second paragraph as an attempt to A) allow the Ottoman government to compete against industrializing European powers B) allow the Ottoman government to reconquer territories lost to the Safavid and Mughal empires C) establish the Ottoman Empire as a European power by conquering territory in southern Europe D) establish Ottoman colonies in sub-Saharan Africa to extract natural resources for factories
A) allow the Ottoman government to compete against industrializing European powers
Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in the world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was A) the Industrial Revolution B) Portuguese naval and firearms technology C) Spanish control of New World silver D) the Enlightenment E) European medical technology
A) the Industrial Revolution
Great Britain's development of the industry referred to in the first paragraph during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is best explained by the fact that British factories were the first to A) use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production B) use natural resources from colonies to create finished products C) use coerced labor for producing manufactured goods D) take advantage of mercantilist economic policies to protect themselves from foreign competition
A) use steam-powered machines for large-scale economic production
The image from Japan during the Meiji Restoration best exemplifies which of the following processes? A) Attempts by conservative members of society to maintain indigenous traditions B) Cultural changes accompanying greater contact with the United States C) Greater freedom for women resulting from democratization D) Increased emphasis on international cooperation as a result of the lowering of trade barriers
B) Cultural changes accompanying greater contact with the United States
"And God gave unto the Polish kings and knights freedom, that all might be brothers, both the richest and the poorest. The king and the men of knightly rank received into their brotherhood still more people.... And the number of brothers became as great as a nation, and in no nation were there so many people free and calling each other brothers as in Poland." Adam Mickiewicz, poem, 1832, about Polish uprisings against Russia in 1830 and 1831 The passage above best reflects which of the following? A) Criticism of religion's role in public life B) Development of nationalism C) Discontent with government bureaucracy D) Marxist critiques of unequal distribution of wealth
B) Development of nationalism
Which of the following most directly influenced the arguments about social and economic change in Saint-Domingue expressed by Kersaint and Saint-Maurice in the passages? A) Mercantilists B) Enlightenment thinkers C) Laissez-faire capitalists D) Absolutists
B) Enlightenment thinkers
Adoption of which of the following power sources has contributed the most to increasing the energy available to humans? A) Wind power B) Fossil fuels C) Draft animals D) Nuclear power
B) Fossil fuels
In the period from 1750 to 1850, which of the following political ideologies was gaining increasing influence in western Europe and parts of the Atlantic world? A) Fascism B) Liberalism C) Communism D) Absolutism
B) Liberalism
Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women's lives? A) Women came to dominate the agricultural workforce as men moved to cities to take industrial jobs. B) Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities. C) By the end of the century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries. D) By the end of the century, new social welfare legislation made it possible for most women to earn university degrees.
B) Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities.
Commander Cotton's reaction to the events in Jamaica, in the notice above, might best be understood in the context of which of the following? A) The waning influence of religious ideas and millenarianism in nationalist conflicts B) Mounting resistance to slavery in the Americas, reflected in challenges to imperial authority C) The expansion of the trans-Atlantic slave trade across the Caribbean D) Growing profitability of plantation slavery in the Americas
B) Mounting resistance to slavery in the Americas, reflected in challenges to imperial authority
"The [Qing] government sponsored a number of projects designed to bolster the navy. The idea was to adopt Western technology but not the values and philosophies that produced it—China would learn from the West, equal it, and then surpass it." Haiwang Yuan, editor, historian, This is China: The First 5,000 Years, 2010 The philosophy behind the late-nineteenth-century Chinese policy mentioned above was part of which of the following? A) The increasing popularity of Communist thought in China B) The Chinese government's attempt to reform the economy through self-strengthening C) The increase in millenarian movements in the nineteenth century D) The Chinese government's embrace of procolonial policies
B) The Chinese government's attempt to reform the economy through self-strengthening
Many historians have argued that by the late nineteenth century the industrialized nations of Europe had achieved global economic dominance more through force and coercion than through the superiority of their industrial products. Which of the following nineteenth-century developments would best support this contention? A) The growth of South American agricultural exports B) The decline of the Indian textile industry's share of global manufacturing C) The growth of industrial production in North America D) The abolition of slavery in the Americas
B) The decline of the Indian textile industry's share of global manufacturing
In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution? A) The leaders of the French Revolution wanted religious freedom while the leaders of the Haitian Revolution wanted equal representation. B) The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution. C) The Haitian Revolution began because of unfair taxation by the French king. D) The French Revolution was inspired by Enlightenment ideas while the Haitian Revolution was not.
B) The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.
The Meiji reforms in Japan resulted in A) the strengthening of the power of regional lords at the expense of the emperor B) a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor C) the Tokugawa shogunate's adoption of a unified civil code D) the overthrow of the imperial system for a democratic republic
B) a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor
All of the following factors contributed to significant growth in worldwide population from 1750 through 1900 EXCEPT A) introduction of Western Hemisphere food crops to new areas B) new grain crops developed in the Green Revolution C) decline of epidemic disease D) expansion of land under cultivation
B) new grain crops developed in the Green Revolution
Kersaint and Saint-Maurice's arguments about granting citizenship to the Black inhabitants of Saint-Domingue are most different from the arguments of those nationalists who claimed that A) people from separate national groups with distinct cultural traditions could be equal citizens within the same state B) only those born within the territory of the nation and those who shared a common historical origin should be included as citizens within the nation C) having a shared language and religion were more important than sharing a contiguous territory in determining who could be citizens within the nation D) political power could only be exercised through the popular will of the nation's citizens
B) only those born within the territory of the nation and those who shared a common historical origin should be included as citizens within the nation
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working conditions depicted in Image 2 served as an inspiration for those arguing that A) a Protestant work ethic was the most important factor behind Europe's global economic dominance B) the negative social effects of capitalism should be alleviated by enacting factory regulations C) oil and electricity rather than coal should become the basis of a new industrial economy D) the negative environmental impacts of industrialization should be addressed by stringent regulations
B) the negative social effects of capitalism should be alleviated by enacting factory regulations
Marx's statement in the passage below is best understood in the context of which of the following responses to the development and spread of global capitalism in the nineteenth century? A) A movement to convince workers that global capitalism would ultimately benefit them B) A movement to gain higher wages and shorter hours for workers C) A movement to articulate an alternative vision of society D) A movement to celebrate the productive capacity of global capitalism
C) A movement to articulate an alternative vision of society
"Americans today . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products which are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity, and the barriers between American provinces, designed to prevent all exchange of trade, traffic, and understanding." Simón Bolívar, Jamaica Letter, 1815 The quotation below best supports which of the following conclusions about the author's motives for resistance to Spanish colonial rule in Latin America? A) Bolívar opposed the use of Native Americans and Africans as forced laborers in Latin America. B) Bolívar was alarmed by the excessive consumerism in the Spanish empire. C) Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America. D) Bolívar hoped to undo the effects of the columbian exchange.
C) Bolívar rejected Spanish mercantilist policies that restricted free trade in Latin America.
Members of which of the following groups led opposition to industrialization in both Qing China and the Ottoman Empire? A) Merchants B) Clerics C) Government officials D) Landless peasants
C) Government officials
Industrialization in Russia during the nineteenth century most closely resembled industrialization in which of the following regions? A) China during the Communist Revolution B) The United States during the American Revolution C) Japan during the Meiji Restoration D) South America during the wars for independence from Spain
C) Japan during the Meiji Restoration
"Without a revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement. The role of vanguard fighter can be fulfilled only by a party that is guided by the most advanced theory. We have said that there could not have been Social-Democratic consciousness among the workers. It could only be brought to them from without. The history of all countries shows that the working class, exclusively by its own effort, is able to develop only trade union consciousness, i.e., the conviction that it is necessary to combine in unions, fight the employers, and strive to compel the government to pass necessary labor legislation. The theory of socialism, however, grew out of the philosophic, historical, and economic theories elaborated by educated representatives of the propertied classes, the intellectuals. Our worst sin with regard to organization is that by our amateurishness we have lowered the prestige of revolutionaries in Russia." Vladimir Lenin, Russian exile in Switzerland, What Is to Be Done?, 1902 In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some governments responded to the growing popularity of ideas such as the ones expressed in the passage by doing which of the following? A) Opening large sectors of the economy to foreign direct investment B) Expanding colonial territories and increasing industrial production C) Passing reforms designed to improve the conditions of industrial workers D) Increasing the number of financial instruments available to help expand transnational businesses
C) Passing reforms designed to improve the conditions of industrial workers
"Eight hours' daily labour is enough for any human being, and under proper arrangements sufficient to afford an ample supply of food, raiment and shelter, or the necessaries and comforts of life, and for the remainder of his time, every person is entitled to education, recreation and sleep." Robert Owen, British factory owner and reformer, 1833 The excerpt above emphasizes which of the following solutions to the exploitation of industrial laborers? A) Radical changes to the socioeconomic structure of Europe B) Abolition of the factory system and industrial wage labor C) Sufficient wages for factory workers to live full, comfortable lives D) Free food, housing, and other necessities for factory workers
C) Sufficient wages for factory workers to live full, comfortable lives
The decree's references to following the rules of Shari'a would best be interpreted as an attempt to appeal to A) members of the Ottoman military establishment who supported the dissolution of elite units such as the Janissaries B) Christian and Jewish merchants within Ottoman society who sought to benefit from economic liberalization C) Sunni religious elites within the Ottoman government who opposed modernization D) Shi'a communities in the Ottoman Empire that wanted a democratic Islamic republic
C) Sunni religious elites within the Ottoman government who opposed modernization
The emergence of the German industries referred to in the passage is most directly explained by which of the following processes in the nineteenth century? A) The growing importance of using coal as fuel in industrial production B) The greater diversity of manufactured goods produced by industrial factories C) The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution D) The spread of new industrial technologies such as the internal combustion engine from the United States
C) The development of new methods of production during the second industrial revolution
"I have longed to make the acquaintance of a 'modern girl,' that proud, independent girl who has all my sympathy! I do not belong to the Indian world, but to that of my sisters who are struggling forward in the distant West. If the laws of my land permitted it, I would be like the new woman in Europe; but age-long traditions that cannot be broken hold us back. Someday those traditions will loosen and let us go, but it may be three, four generations after us. Oh, you do not know what it is to love this young, new age with heart and soul, and yet to be bound hand and foot, chained by all the laws, customs, and conventions of one's land. All our institutions are directly opposed to the progress for which I so long for the sake of our people. Day and night I wonder by what means our ancient traditions could be overcome. But it was not the voices alone which reached me from that distant, bright, new-born Europe, which made me long for a change in existing conditions for women. Even in my childhood, the word 'emancipation' enchanted my ears and awakened in me an ever-growing longing for freedom and independence—a longing to stand alone." Raden Adjeng Kartini, Javanese noblewoman in Dutch Indonesia, letter to a friend, Java, 1899 Based on the letter, Kartini's views were most similar to the views espoused by members of which of the following movements? A) The abolitionist movement B) The anti-imperialist movement C) The early feminist movement D) The socialist movement
C) The early feminist movement
"In theory, all of the peoples of the world, though different in their degree of civilization and enlightenment are created equal and are brothers before God. As universal love advances, the theory goes, and as the regulations of international law are put into place, the entire world will soon be at peace. This theory is currently espoused mainly by Western Christian ministers or by persons who are enamored of that religion. However, when we leave this fiction and look at the facts regarding international relations today, we find them shockingly different. Do nations honor treaties? We find not the slightest evidence that they do. When countries break treaties, there are no courts to judge them. Therefore, whether a treaty is honored or not depends entirely on the financial and military powers of the countries involved. Money and soldiers are not for the protection of existing principles; they are the instruments for the creation of principles where none exist.There are those moralists who would sit and wait for the day when all wars would end. Yet in my opinion the Western nations are growing ever stronger in the skills of war. In recent years, these countries devise strange new weapons and day by day increase their standing armies. One can argue that that is truly useless, truly stupid. Yet if others are working on being stupid, then I must respond in kind. If others are violent, then I too must become violent. International politics is the way of force rather than the way of virtue—and we should accept that." Yukichi Fukuzawa, Japanese intellectual, Commentary on the Current Problems, 1881 Which of the following most likely influenced Fukuzawa's views in the passage? A) The suppression of the Taiping Rebellion in China, which resulted in significant loss of life B) The Tokugawa Shogunate's policy of limiting contacts between Japan and the rest of the world C) The forcible "opening up" of Japanese markets to the West, which led to the Meiji Restoration D) The emphasis on peaceful resolution of conflicts in Shinto and Buddhist religious traditions
C) The forcible "opening up" of Japanese markets to the West, which led to the Meiji Restoration
Which of the following best explains the general increase in the living standards of industrial workers between 1800 and 1914? A) Deficit-spending policies by governments in major industrial states B) The implementation of strong protective tariffs C) The increased supply of inexpensive consumer goods D) Implementation of utopian socialist ideas in the organization of factory labor
C) The increased supply of inexpensive consumer goods
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was most influenced by which of the following factors? A) The aggressive promotion of industrialization by George III B) The spread of cotton cultivation in southern England C) The location and large number of British coal deposits D) The amount and location of British petroleum reserves
C) The location and large number of British coal deposits
"Spirits of Moctezuma, Cuauhtémoc and other Aztec heroes, as once you celebrated that feast before being slaughtered by the treacherous sword of the Spanish conquistadors, so now celebrate this happy moment in which your sons have united to avenge the crimes and outrages committed against you, and to free themselves from the claws of [Spanish] tyranny and fanaticism. To the 12th of August 1521—the day that the chains of our serfdom were fastened—there now succeeds the 14th of September 1813—when these chains are broken forever." José María Morelos, Mexican Revolutionary, speech, 1813 Judging from the excerpt above, which of the following was the main purpose of Morelos' speech? A) To outline a plan for the long-term development of the new Mexican state B) To suggest that the establishment of the Mexican nation-state was proof of the superiority of the Aztecs C) To offer a vision of Mexican history that could be used as a basis for nation building D) To oppose the claims of Mexican Creoles seeking to play a leading role in the new state
C) To offer a vision of Mexican history that could be used as a basis for nation building
All of the following contributed to the rise of industrialization in western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century EXCEPT A) legal protection of private property B) geographic distribution of coal and iron C) increased rights for laborers D) improved agricultural productivity
C) increased rights for laborers
In the passage above, Zeng Guofan's purpose in listing the policies of the current Qing emperor is most likely to A) warn that the Qing policies of keeping taxes low and avoiding conscription might come to an end if the Taiping rebellion succeeds B) argue that the emperor's personal piety and benevolent rule prove that he accepts the validity of the Taiping rebels' grievances C) mobilize popular support by showing that the Taiping rebellion does not represent a legitimate challenge to Qing rule D) demonstrate the similarity between the damage done by the Taiping rebellion to the Qing Empire and the damage done by earlier rebellions to other Chinese dynasties
C) mobilize popular support by showing that the Taiping rebellion does not represent a legitimate challenge to Qing rule
All of the following statements about Armand-Guy Kersaint are factually accurate. Which would best explain why, unlike the author of Source 2, Kersaint is NOT calling for the unconditional and immediate abolition of slavery? A) In his writings, Kersaint advocates for encouraging the willing migration of Africans to French colonies rather than their enslavement. B) As an officer in the French navy, Kersaint had participated in military campaigns against the British in the Caribbean and during the American Revolution. C) In a pamphlet written shortly before the French Revolution began, Kersaint called for abolishing the traditional privileges of the French nobility in France and its colonies. D) At the time of the French Revolution, Kersaint owned plantations and other property in the French Caribbean.
D) At the time of the French Revolution, Kersaint owned plantations and other property in the French Caribbean.
The print above suggests that as nineteenth-century Japan industrialized, Japanese women did which of the following? A) Stayed at home, out of the workforce. B) Chose to continue the domestic, or cottage, system of production. C) Enjoyed leadership positions over their male counterparts in factories and industries. D) Became involved in the factory system and industrial production. E) Demonstrated against participation in the factory system.
D) Became involved in the factory system and industrial production.
After the abdication of the last Qing emperor in China in 1912, the new republican government adopted a new national flag (the so-called five-races-together-in-harmony flag) in which five stripes represented the five main ethnic groups: the Han Chinese, the Manchus, the Tibetans, the Uighurs, and the Mongols. The adoption of the new flag is an example of which of the following processes? A) Governmental efforts of new states to reduce their political and economic dependence on former colonial powers B) Efforts by authoritarian governments to mobilize all segments of society for a conflict with foreign powers C) Governmental efforts of new states to undo the tolerant ethnic and religious policies of their imperial predecessors in order to promote greater uniformity D) Governmental efforts of multinational states to promote a new nationalist identity that would help prevent the emergence of ethnic separatism
D) Governmental efforts of multinational states to promote a new nationalist identity that would help prevent the emergence of ethnic separatism
The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following? A) Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states B) Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands C) Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control D) Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas
D) Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas
Which of the following claims does al-Jabarti make about the French? A) The French have created a new religion of their own. B) The French are Christian but pretend to be Muslim. C) The French are Muslim but pretend to be Christian. D) The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam.
D) The French do not believe in either Christianity or Islam.
Which of the following societies successfully resisted foreign penetration and domination from 1650 to 1850? A) The Indians B) The South Africans C) The Latin Americans D) The Japanese E) The Chinese
D) The Japanese
The economic success of businesses such as the British South Africa Company was in part dependent on which of the following developments in the late nineteenth century? A) The migrations of indentured workers from Asia B) The increasing availability and variety of consumer goods C) The development of new technologies such as the telegraph D) The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance
D) The adoption of innovative practices in banking and finance
"The Kamaishi iron deposit consists of several clusters of oxidized iron ore on volcanic rock. It is quite different from the clayed iron ores layered upon coal beds that are commonly found in Britain. The quality of the Kamaishi ore can be categorized as magnetic iron ore of the highest rank. It contains 70% iron, while clayed ore contains only 20-30%. Therefore, in order to produce high quality iron, it was necessary for the government to build a charcoal blast furnace and to order a furnace from Britain. As British engineers were informed that the Kamaishi deposit was rich and the surrounding woods were abundant, they designed a huge charcoal furnace. However, the operation was interrupted within only ninety days.Recently I had a chance to investigate the situation at Kamaishi. After the investigation, I found that despite the claim that Kamaishi is a rich deposit, first of all, the real estimation of the exposed deposit is only about 130 thousand tons. Moreover, because of its mountainous location, it is very difficult to mine and transport. Even if we were able to do so, it would not be commercially successful. Furthermore, within two years the entire woods surrounding Kamaishi will be depleted as a source material for charcoal." Ito Yajiro, Japanese government inspector, report issued to the Meiji government following the failure of the state-owned Kamaishi Iron Works, 1882 The Meiji Restoration of the nineteenth century involved internal reforms that included which of the following? A) The abolition of private property rights B) The strengthening of the samurai class C) The establishment of direct parliamentary rule D) The modernization of Japan's military
D) The modernization of Japan's military
As described in the passage, the economic model of the British South Africa Company most directly differed from which of the following economic trends in the late nineteenth century? A) The shift in Asian and African economies from manufacturing of finished goods to resource extraction B) The shift from nation-based businesses and enterprises to transnational businesses and enterprises C) The shift from heavy industry to industries centered on the production of consumer goods D) The shift from mercantilism to free-market trade policies
D) The shift from mercantilism to free-market trade policies
One important similarity between the American Revolution and the French Revolution is that they both A) resulted in the abolition of class divisions in society B) resulted in the abolition of slavery C) enabled women to achieve political equality with men D) challenged monarchical governments
D) challenged monarchical governments