What is semantics?
Complementary antonyms
pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word, or neither; and such that saying of something that it is not a member of the set denoted by the first word implicates that it is in the set denoted by the second word; alive/dead, existent/nonexistent, married/unmarried
Pure intersection
the relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun
Incompatibility
the relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously
usage-based definition
A characterization of a word's sense based on the way that the word is used by speakers of a language.
Reference
A component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world. The collection of all the referents of an expression.
Hyponymy
A meaning relationship between words where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y. X is then said to be a hyponym of Y, and conversely, Y is said to be a hypernym of X.
Idioms
A multi word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional/predictable
Lexical semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions
Compositional semantics
A subfield of semantics that studies the meanings of phrasal expressions and how those meanings arise given the meanings of the lexical expressions they contain and how they are syntactically combined
Nonintersection adjective
An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not refer to any particular set of things itself; possible solution, alleged theif
anti-intersection adjective
An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies; fake [noun]
converse antonyms
Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word; over/under, send/receive, employer/employee
Truth value
Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.
Principle of compositionality
The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.
Mutual entailment
The relationship between 2 propositions where they entail one another
Proposition
The sense/claim expressed by a sentence; can be true or false
Semantics
The study of linguistic meaning and how expressions convey meanings
Relative intersection
Type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference; goodness, loudness, size
gradable antonyms
Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale; aka scalar antonyms; wet/dry, easy/hard, love/hate, old/young
Sister terms
Words that, in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy, i.e., have exactly the same hypernyms
mental image definition
a conception of a word's sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning
Synonymy
a meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same
Sense
a mental representation of an expression's meaning
Entailment
a relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q; if p is true, q has to be true as well
subsective adjectives
adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to
Referent
an actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers
intersective adjective
an adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies; produce pure intersections
Reverses
antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that "undoes" the movement suggested by the other; expand/contract, ascent/descent
