Wk 7: Fluid & Electrolytes

The primary extracellular electrolytes are

Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate

Below which serum sodium level may convulsions or coma can occur?

135 mEq/L

Example of hypotonic solution:

0.45% NaCl

Example of an isotonic solution:

0.9% NS

The normal serum value for potassium is:

3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L

Which drug is the antidote for magnesium toxicity?

Calcium gluconate

Symptom that is consistent with the dehydration:

Dark, concentrated urine

Infants receiving I.V. therapy are particularly vulnerable to:

Fluid overload

A patient is being treated with loop diuretics; gastric suctioning has been initiated. The nurse understands the patient is at risk for developing which of the following electrolyte imbalances?

Hypokalemia

An elderly client takes 40 mg of Lasix twice a day. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most serious adverse effect of diuretic use?

Hypokalemia

Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/l. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?

No, sodium intake should be restricted

What is the correct route of administration for potassium?

Oral

Translocation is a term used to describe the general movement of fluid and chemicals within body fluids. In every client's body, fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of translocation. What specific process allows water to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

Osmosis

The calcium level of the blood is regulated by which mechanism?

PTH

Which of the following electrolytes is a major cation in body fluid?

Potassium

A client has a physician's order for NPO (nothing by mouth) following abdominal surgery to repair a bowel obstruction. The client has a nasogastric tube inserted to low intermittent suction. The client requires intravenous therapy to

Replace F&E

The primary determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality

Sodium

A client was admitted to your unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, which of the following will the nurse teach the client and his family?

Respond to thirst Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs. Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day.

Which of the following nutrients promotes normal blood clotting?

Vitamin K