WOH 2012 Midterm Study Guide
After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, the new kingdom that was founded by nomadic warriors in Bactria was the A) Macedonian Empire. B) Chan Empire. C) Kushan Kingdom. D) Shungas Republic. E) Xiongnu Empire.
Kushan Kingdom.
Which of the following states developed in the southern half of Africa? A) Luba B) Timbuktu C) Marrakech D) Ditripoli E) Axum
Luba
The Minoans of Crete were probably conquered in 1450 B.C.E. by the A) Mycenaeans. B) Persians. C) Hebrews. D) Hittites.
Mycenaeans
The great river that dominates the western region of Africa, the so-called "hump of Africa," is the A) Nile. B) Niger. C) Congo. D) Zaire. E) Zambeze.
Niger
The Roman general who returned from Spain as a military hero in 71 B.C.E. was A) Marius. B) Sulla. C) Caesar. D) Pompey. E) Cato.
Pompey
The cities of Uxmal and Chichen Itza flourished under the A) Aztecs. B) Olmecs. C) Incas. D) Anasazi. E) Toltecs.
Toltecs
The imperial capital cities of the Qin and Shang dynasties, respectively, were A) Anyang and Canton. B) Shunyong and Xianyang. C) Xian and Anyang. D) Loyang and Hanoi. E) Taipei and Wuhan.
Xian and Anyang.
The term polis describes A) a province of the Persian Empire. B) the original name of the city of Troy. C) the title of a member of the Council of 500. D) the term for a thirty-man infantry unit. E) a community of citizens in which political, economic, social, cultural and religious activities were performed.
a community of citizens in which political, economic, social, cultural and religious activities were performed.
Unlike most other Mesoamerican city-states, Teotihuacán lacked A) pyramids. B) an urban center. C) a priestly class. D) a powerful military. E) the practice of human sacrifice.
a powerful military.
In contrast to the Old Kingdom, the role of the pharaoh in the Middle Kingdom was that of A) an inaccessible god-king. B) a shepherd, a provider of public projects and assistance. C) a symbolic fisherman for his people. D) a warrior-king. E) a sacrificial scapegoat.
a shepherd, a provider of public projects and assistance.
The following are true about the Jewish concept of monotheism except A) a transcendent God, he was part of nature, created rather than the creator. B) God could be both vengeful and merciful. C) each person was worthwhile but had to decide between good and evil based upon the morality established by God. D) an agreement, or covenant, existed between the Hebrew people and Yahweh. E) the gods of all other peoples were believed to be mere idols.
a transcendent God, he was part of nature, created rather than the creator.
The Epic of Gilgamesh was A) the formal title of the Osiris myth. B) an epic poem from Mesopotamia dealing with the search for immortality. C) a creation myth developed by early Phoenician thinkers. D) the first Egyptian literary masterpiece. E) a code of laws established by the Babylonian ruler, Gilgamesh.
an epic poem from Mesopotamia dealing with the search for immortality.
The questions on the oracle bones of the Shang kings were addressed to A) diviners. B) the kings of other Shang states. C) the Buddha. D) the Chou kings. E) ancestors and gods.
ancestors and gods.
The Buddha believed that A) only the priests and noble classes could perform the sacrifices. B) only men could achieve enlightenment. C) it was necessary to starve oneself to death to achieve enlightenment. D) anyone could achieve enlightenment. E) enlightenment was easy to achieve.
anyone could achieve enlightenment.
Confucius A) was a cousin of Siddhartha Gautama. B) was deified by the Chinese government within five years after his death. C) assumed that all humans had their own Dao. D) was a Qin emperor. E) followed a Legalist philosophy.
assumed that all humans had their own Dao.
The ultimate goal of Hindus is to A) attain a blissful, eternal afterlife. B) attain an ultimate spiritual reunion with Brahman and escape the pain of living. C) attain eternal life by exchanging one's karma for Atman. D) be reborn again and again. E) achieve enlightenment in the Western Paradise.
attain an ultimate spiritual reunion with Brahman and escape the pain of living.
The Senate created the first triumvirate to A) rule Rome because it (the Senate) no longer wanted to do so. B) defeat Carthage in the Second Punic War. C) balance the power between Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar. D) defeat Cleopatra. E) reform itself, which had doubled in size since the beginning of the republic.
balance the power between Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar.
During the centuries of Roman history, from Republic to Empire, the paterfamilias' authority A) increased. B) decreased. C) fluctuated. D) remained the same. E) was eliminated entirely.
decreased
African art A) consists only of poetry and sculpture. B) is very limited, due to the fact that wood was the universal medium of artistic statement. C) contains no other major examples of architectural achievement except the pyramids. D) includes the impressively crafted, mortar-less structures at Great Zimbabwe. E) appeared only with the coming of Islam.
includes the impressively crafted, mortar-less structures at Great Zimbabwe.
The Shang kings served as A) living gods. B) priests as well as rulers. C) democratically elected rulers. D) models of divine behavior. E) intermediaries between heaven, the gods, and humanity.
intermediaries between heaven, the gods, and humanity.
The idea of the Mandate of Heaven was A) introduced in the Bhaghavad gita. B) borrowed from Tibetan nomads in the fifth century B.C.E. C) introduced by the Zhou dynasty and it served to legitimize its power. D) contained in the Rites of Mao. E) a concept that last only a short time in Chinese history.
introduced by the Zhou dynasty and it served to legitimize its power.
The Rig Veda A) is a legal text. B) is a collection of hymns. C) originated as a written text. D) presents the Aryans as peacefully migrating into India. E) was written in Harappan pictographs.
is a collection of hymns.
The Ramayana A) is a presentation of Indian values. B) ignores the relationship of gods and animals in human life. C) is a realistic depiction of Indian life. D) describes an Aryan attack on Delhi. E) is the name of the warrior caste.
is a presentation of Indian values.
Sufism A) offers a single approach to mystical union with Allah. B) is a celibate Muslim priesthood. C) began with Muhammad. D) is practiced by all Muslims. E) is an attempt, through various methods and practices, to have a mystical union with Allah.
is an attempt, through various methods and practices, to have a mystical union with Allah.
In analyzing Aztec cosmology A) its description reveals a totally unique approach to religious belief. B) it is the basic format for all monotheistic practices. C) it assumed the existence of divine and material worlds. D) it was copied from that of the Anasazi. E) the ultimate reality was the destruction of the individual soul.
it assumed the existence of divine and material worlds.
All of the following are true about the jati system except A) it was the category of social classification with subdivisions within each for different castes. B) it served to categorize large numbers of individual families. C) it sometimes offered an opportunity for upward mobility. D) it could serve as a stabilizing factor in Indian life. E) a jati was obliged to provide for its poor and destitute members.
it was the category of social classification with subdivisions within each for different castes.
The Indian term that refers to the impact of one's actions in life on a later life after reincarnation is A) satya. B) dharma. C) karma. D) sati. E) khalid.
karma.
The Indian warrior caste was known as the A) kshatriya. B) pariah. C) brahmin. D) vaisya. E) jati.
kshatriya.
The two commodities that enabled the Maya to develop trade relations with other civilizations in its region were A) cotton and silver. B) yams and manioc. C) obsidian and cacao trees. D) gold and silver. E) manioc and turpentine.
obsidian and cacao trees.
The defenders of the plebeians were known as the A) consuls. B) praetors. C) senators. D) centuriates. E) tribunes.
tribunes.
The plebeians A) were less numerous than the patricians. B) could not be elected to governmental offices before 150 C.E. C) were less privileged and often poorer than the patricians. D) were barred from military roles. E) became slaves when they could not pay their debts.
were less privileged and often poorer than the patricians.
What story appears in both the Epic of Gilgamesh and in the Hebrew Bible? A) Abraham's requested sacrifice of his son Isaac B) A flood narrative C) A search for immortality D) War between Tiamat and the other gods. E) A virgin birth
A flood narrative
Which of the following was the leading cultural center of the Hellenistic world? A) Athens B) Alexandria C) Thebes D) Isfahan E) Persepolis
Alexandria
The fairy-tale castle perched high above the city of Granada was the A) Louvre. B) Córdoba Mosque. C) palace of Ukhaidir. D) Alhambra. E) Blue Mosque.
Alhambra
Which of the following is not a true statement? A) All evidence indicates that the first agricultural villages in China developed only along the Pearl River. B) Ancient Chinese villages evolved over thousands of years to form the first unified state under the Qin. C) Chinese topography caused its civilization to develop apart from advancements in other parts of Asia. D) Nomadic attacks from the north were an ongoing factor in the development of China. E) Early Chinese literature was didactic and elitist.
All evidence indicates that the first agricultural villages in China developed only along the Pearl River.
According to Islamic belief A) Muhammad created the concept of Allah. B) Allah sent not his first but his final message through Muhammad. C) the teachings of Jesus and Moses are incorrect and immoral. D) Allah ordained that Muhammad was a subordinate God. E) there is no afterlife for the individual.
Allah sent not his first but his final message through Muhammad.
The conversations between Confucius and his disciples are found in the A) Book of Changes. B) Book of Histories. C) Analects. D) Book of Songs. E) Way of the Dao.
Analects.
An extensive urban community was created at Chaco Canyon by the A) Apache. B) Arawak. C) Anasazi. D) Navajo. E) Paiute.
Anasazi
Among the mounted nomads who came to dominate much of the southwestern plains of North America after 1500 C.E. were the A) Ute and the Mohawk. B) Apache and Navajo. C) Cree and Shoshone. D) Anasazi and Arawak. E) both b and c
Apache and Navajo.
Which of the following is a correct statement about Swahili? A) It was a culture reflecting a mixture of Indian and African influences. B) As a language, it employed Bantu grammar and Arabic linguistic terms. C) The term derives from the Arab word for "jungle." D) It was exclusively a written language. E) It became the official language of Islam.
As a language, it employed Bantu grammar and Arabic linguistic terms.
Which of the following is not true about the rock chambers? A) Ashoka originally built them to house monks and wandering ascetics. B) They were carved out of the sides of mountains. C) Ashoka prohibited their use for religious ceremonies. D) Their structural format was similar to that of a Roman basilica. E) One of the most famous rock chambers is at Ajanta.
Ashoka prohibited their use for religious ceremonies.
The pax Romana, or Roman peace, which ended the civil wars of the late republic and established an international trade network across the empire, was established by A) Nero. B) Augustus. C) Septimus Severus. D) Constantine the Great. E) Julius Caesar.
Augustus
The ancient civilization that was located in the highlands of what is known today as Ethiopia was A) Yoruba. B) Kush. C) Sahara. D) Axum. E) Saba.
Axum
The people of North Africa, who served as trade intermediaries for the great trans-Saharan commerce, were the A) Kurds. B) Phoenicians. C) Carthaginians. D) Berbers. E) Cree.
Berbers
Which of the following empires experienced defeats at the hands of the seventh-century Arab armies? A) Carolingian. B) Byzantine C) Mauryan D) Fatimid E) Mongol
Byzantine
Successors to Cyrus were A) Cambyses and Alexander. B) Cambyses and Darius. C) Ionisus and Cirrilus. D) Zoroaster and Mithras. E) Pericles and Cleisthenes.
Cambyses and Darius
Rome won control of the western Mediterranean by defeating A) the Hellenistic Kingdoms. B) the Celts. C) Latium. D) Carthage. E) Egypt.
Carthage.
Macedonia's Philip II gained control of Greece by his victory in 338 B.C.E. at the Battle of A) Marathon. B) Actium. C) Thermopylae. D) Gaugamela. E) Chaeronea.
Chaeronea.
Which of these ancient civilizations survived, intact, until the twentieth century? A) Egyptian B) Aztec C) Hittite D) Chinese E) Aryan
Chinese
"If the government seeks to rule by decree, and to maintain order by the use of punishment, the people will seek to evade punishment and have no sense of shame. But if the government leads by virtue and governs through the rules of propriety, the people will feel shame and seek to correct their mistakes." This statement reflects the ideas of A) Legalism. B) Doaism. C) Zhouism. D) Confucianism. E) Qin Shi Huangdi.
Confucianism.
The first Christian Emperor of the Roman Empire was A) Augustus. B) Hadrian. C) Diocletian. D) Constantine. E) Theodosius.
Constantine
The term polis describes A) a province of the Persian Empire. B) the original name of the city of Troy. C) the title of a member of the Council of 500. D) the term for a thirty-man infantry unit. E) a community of citizens in which political, economic, social, cultural and religious activities were performed.
E) a community of citizens in which political, economic, social, cultural and religious activities were performed
19. Confucius' interest in philosophy was essential theological and transcendent. A) True B) False
False
After the fall of the Mauryan dynasty, the Indian subcontinent was immediately reunified under the Gupta dynasty. A) True B) False
False
Arthur Evans discovered Mycenaean civilization on the Greek mainland and Heinrich Schliemann discovered Minoan civilization on Crete. A) True B) False
False
Because the soil lacked sufficient nutrients, agriculture never developed in the Amazon region. A) True B) False
False
Egypt's Coptic Christians were subjected to periodic persecution by the Persian Empire with its Zoroastrian religion, and thus many thus converted to Islam. A) True B) False
False
Harappan civilization evolved along the Ganges River. A) True B) False
False
In comparison to Hinduism, Buddhism was much less egalitarian. A) True B) False
False
In early Chinese history, villages were organized by nuclear family units rather than by clans. A) True B) False
False
In reaction to the overwhelming influence of Greek philosophy, the Romans turned to Etruscan and Egyptian models for inspiration in artistic matters. A) True B) False
False
In the early Roman Empire, upper-class Roman women were excluded from public life and lost privileges and responsibilities they had obtained during the earlier Republic. A) True B) False
False
In the fourth century, the rulers of Axum adopted the Roman Catholic form of Christianity. A) True B) False
False
It is generally agreed that human beings were living in the Americas at least 50,000 years ago. A) True B) False
False
Julius Caesar's greatest military conquest was in North Africa, where he established the Roman province of "Africa." A) True B) False
False
Minoan civilization was strongly influenced by Mycenaean civilization. A) True B) False
False
One of the failures of Islam was its refusal to preserve and spread the science and philosophy of Greece and other ancient civilizations. A) True B) False
False
One of the weaknesses of Hellenistic civilization is that there were no scientific innovations to advance the culture. A) True B) False
False
Serfs in Sparta were known as hoplites. A) True B) False
False
Sumerian ziggurats performed the same function as Egypt's pyramids. A) True B) False
False
Swahili comes from the Arabic sahel, which means "forest" or "jungle." A) True B) False
False
Systematic agriculture developed independently in different areas of the world after 3000 and 1500 B.C.E. A) True B) False
False
The Aryans introduced agriculture to the Indian subcontinent. A) True B) False
False
The Aryans were a Semitic-peoples. A) True B) False
False
The Bantu languages features a "click" sound. A) True B) False
False
The Qin Dynasty based its rule upon the philosophy of Confucius. A) True B) False
False
The Roman called East Africa "Azania" and the Greeks called the area "Zanj." A) True B) False
False
The capital of the Umayyad caliphate was Baghdad. A) True B) False
False
The first civilizations lacked a system of written record keeping. A) True B) False
False
The language of the Vedas was Prakrit. A) True B) False
False
The principal economic basis of Assyrian life was manufacturing. A) True B) False
False
The capital city of the Abbasid caliphate was Damascus. A) True B) False
False.
The first sub-Saharan state to convert to Islam was A) Mali. B) Aksum. C) Bantu. D) Ghana. E) Great Zimbabwe.
Ghana
Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam? A) Giving alms to orphans, widows, and the poor B) Praying to Allah five times a day C) Going on a jihad D) Taking the hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca E) Fasting during the month of Ramadan
Going on a jihad
The civilization of the Maya developed in A) the Valley of Mexico. B) Pacific coastal region of northern Mexico. C) mountainous areas of Nicaragua and Honduras. D) Guatemala and the Yucatan Peninsula. E) the Montenegran Plateau.
Guatemala and the Yucatan Peninsula.
Which of the following is untrue about the Code of Hammurabi? A) Public officials had numerous responsibilities. B) It incorporated a system of consumer protection. C) The largest category focused on marriage and the family. D) Sexual promiscuity was tolerated for men only. E) Hammurabi's code did not mention women.
Hammurabi's code did not mention women.
The caliphate that is often described as the Abbasid "Golden Age" was the reign of A) Muhammad Ali. B) Harun al-Rashid. C) Abu Bakr. D) Kabia al-Kahn. E) Kadija al-Farabi.
Harun al-Rashid.
Which of the following statements is a valid observation about Brahman? A) He was a contemporary of the Buddha. B) He was the Creator. C) He demanded monotheism. D) He challenged the caste system. E) He spread Hinduism to China along the Silk Road.
He was the Creator.
In explaining how they defeated the Shang, what ultimately did the Zhou dynasty credit for their success? A) Heaven B) Northern nomadic tribes C) The Shang dynasty dying out D) A victory of their god over the Shang god E) Divination
Heaven
The Greek historian who wrote the History of the Persian Wars was A) Herodotus. B) Homer. C) Thucydides. D) Themosticles. E) Philip of Thebes.
Herodotus
Among the early Indo-European peoples were the A) Hyksos, who conquered Sumer in 3300 B.C.E. B) Uighurs, who occupied Lower Egypt in 1700 B.C.E. C) Romans, who first appeared in southern Palestine. D) Hittites, who developed an empire in western Asia. E) Arabs, who conquered Mecca in 1700 B.C.E.
Hittites, who developed an empire in western Asia.
Along with the movement of Bantu-speaking peoples from the Niger-Congo region came the spread of what technology? A) Silk production B) Stirrups C) Iron smelting D) Moldboard plow E) Printing
Iron smelting
Which of the following is not true of the Olmec culture? A) Its La Venta pyramid was the largest structure of it type for its era. B) It created a writing system of some sort. C) It developed in the high, mountainous areas of central Mexico. D) It produced many stone carvings, tools, and monuments. E) It did not develop the wheel or have horses.
It developed in the high, mountainous areas of central Mexico.
Which of the following is a true statement about the centuriate assembly? A) It prevented the Roman army from functioning in a political role. B) It had an organizational pattern that assured a majority for its poorest members. C) It had the responsibilities of electing the chief magistrates and passing legislation. D) It had the power of declaring war and peace. E) It was abolished during the Punic Wars.
It had the responsibilities of electing the chief magistrates and passing legislation.
Which of the following was not true about the spread of Islam in Africa? A) It achieved only limited success in the mountains of Ethiopia. B) It interfered with the efforts of African rulers to strengthen their power. C) Its concepts of egalitarianism and polygamy had great appeal among the common people. D) A different and distinctly African form of the religion developed, as local religious practices replaced basic Islamic ones. E) It had considerable success in both West Africa and in East Africa
It interfered with the efforts of African rulers to strengthen their power.
Which of the following correctly describes Harappan civilization? A) It showed no similarity to the civilizations of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. B) Its culture never attained the status of a true civilization. C) It was much more agricultural than its contemporaries in Egypt and Mesopotamia. D) It was a collection of over fifteen hundred towns and cities, ruled by landlords and rich merchants. E) It never developed an urban center of over 3,000 people.
It was a collection of over fifteen hundred towns and cities, ruled by landlords and rich merchants.
Which of the following statements accurately depicts the nature of the African lineage group? A) It was similar in many respects to the clan in China and the caste system in India. B) Outsiders were never permitted to join it. C) It maintained the same limits of social class that the Maya had developed. D) It was similar to the nuclear family. E) It was disappeared with the coming of Islam.
It was similar in many respects to the clan in China and the caste system in India.
Which of the following best describes what happened to Alexander's empire after he died in 323 B.C.E.? A) It was conquered by the Romans. B) It was inherited by his son Alexander IV and greatly expanded on. C) It was inherited intact by his general Ptolemy. D) It was invaded by the Delian League run by Athens. E) It was subdivided into smaller states by his generals.
It was subdivided into smaller states by his generals.
A Malay settlement was established on the island of A) Madagascar. B) Zimbabwe. C) Saba. D) Rhapta. E) Malawi.
Madagascar.
The Chavin culture, which flourished in the Andean region from 900-250 B.C.E., was supported by the introduction of what food commodity? A) Sugar B) Fish C) Maize D) Cattle E) Llamas
Maize
The military defeat of the Byzantine armies by the Seljuk Turks, and which led to the Crusades was the Battle of A) the Tigris. B) Manzikert. C) Tours. D) Anatolia. E) Yathrib.
Manzikert.
Archeologists call the region in which the first New World civilizations began A) Mexico. B) Central America. C) Mesoamerica. D) South America. E) the Amazon basin.
Mesoamerica.
The Minoans of Crete were probably conquered in 1450 B.C.E. by the A) Mycenaeans. B) Persians. C) Hebrews. D) Hittites.
Mycenaeans.
In their effort to uncover the will of the gods, the ancient Greeks made use of A) oracles. B) prophets. C) soothsayers. D) shamans. E) spiritualists.
Oracles
Who was the Inka king who began the conquests that led to the creation of their empire? A) Pizarro B) Huayna Inca C) Pachakuti D) Topa Inca E) Montezuma
Pachakuti
The key figure in the spread of Christianity outside the Jewish community was A) Peter. B) Paul of Tarsus. C) Jesus. D) Tiberius. E) Joseph of Arimethea.
Paul of Tarsus.
In the aftermath of Columbus and voyages of encounter, Europeans believed the first humans in the Americas might have been A) Chinese pirates. B) the lost tribes of Axum. C) Phoenician seafarers from Carthage. D) Mongol tribesmen. E) ancient Sumerians.
Phoenician seafarers from Carthage.
Which of the following was the title preferred by Augustus? A) Emperor B) Princeps C) Dominus D) Caesar E) Octavian
Princeps
Which of the following gods retained a higher level of cognizance in the Aztec psyche than most of their other gods, due primarily to its tenth-century departure from the Valley of Mexico and promised future victorious return? A) Siva B) Tlaloc C) Quetzalcoatl D) Huitzilopochtli E) Ometeotl
Quetzalcoatl
The northern area of Africa, from the Atlantic to the Indian Oceans, is composed of the greatest desert on earth, the A) Kalahari. B) Gobi. C) Sahara. D) Niger. E) Mojave.
Sahara
The language of the Vedas was A) Prakrit. B) Sanskrit. C) Hindi. D) Gujarati. E) Farsi.
Sanskrit.
Which Mesopotamian king is remembered for being the first to unite several city-states to form the first empire? A) Hammurabi B) Abraham of Ur C) Sargon of Akkad D) Ramses the Great E) Marduk
Sargon of Akkad
The Muslim sect who were the "partisans of Ali" are the A) Sunnis. B) Shi'ites. C) Sufis. D) Kurds. E) "orthodox".
Shi'ites
The tragic Greek tale of the man who killed his father and married his mother was written by A) Thespis. B) Sophocles. C) Aeschylus. D) Euripides. E) Lycurgus.
Sophocles
The tragic Greek tale of the man who killed his father and married his mother was written by A) Thespis. B) Sophocles. C) Aeschylus. D) Euripides. E) Lycurgus.
Sophocles.
The people who created the first Mesopotamian civilization were the A) Sumerians. B) Akkadians. C) Egyptians. D) Babylonians. E) Nubians.
Sumerians.
The empire of Mali was created by the victory of A) Mansa Musa. B) Berbers. C) Mansa Suleiman. D) Ghana. E) Sundiata.
Sundiata.
The Aztec capital was A) Tenochtitlán. B) Huitzilopochtli. C) Texcoco. D) Mexica. E) Zapotec.
Tenochtitlán
Which of the following is a true statement? A) The Akkadian Empire achieved no expansion, but endured for a thousand years. B) Ur produced total Mesopotamian disintegration. C) The Amorites, under the leadership of Hammurabi, replaced the Sumerians and Akkadians as rulers of Mesopotamia. D) Hammurabi eliminated all aspects of Sumerian culture in Mesopotamian life. E) Sumer was established by the Hyksos.
The Amorites, under the leadership of Hammurabi, replaced the Sumerians and Akkadians as rulers of Mesopotamia.
The Archaic Age, from c. 800-480 B.C.E., coincided with what development? A) The defeat of Persia by Greece B) The first examples of native Greek pottery C) The victory of Athens over Sparta D) The rise of the polis, or city-state, as the basic unit of Greek society E) The philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
The rise of the polis, or city-state, as the basic unit of Greek society
Which of the following is not a correct statement about the Mongols? A) They caused great havoc and destruction throughout the Middle East. B) Their westward advance continued on to absorb the Cordova caliphate in Spain. C) Over time, their upper class population became Muslim. D) Initially, the Mongols were not Muslims. E) They often engaged in acts of mass brutality.
Their westward advance continued on to absorb the Cordova caliphate in Spain.
Which of the following accurately characterizes ancient Egyptian civilization? A) Its geography and topography made for great political and social insecurity. B) There was little continuity because of the Nile's horrific floods. C) There was a sense of security and a feeling of changelessness. D) It considered religion unimportant as the emphasis was life in the here and now. E) There were few opportunities for trade.
There was a sense of security and a feeling of changelessness.
In which areas were the Mayan and Aztec civilizations similar? A) They both practiced human sacrifice. B) Both had religious practices and beliefs brought from Asia in the eleventh century. C) Both used sophisticated alphabets with thirty-nine letters. D) They were both seafaring societies. E) Volcanic eruptions destroyed both civilizations.
They both practiced human sacrifice.
Which of the following is not correct about the pyramids? A) They were tombs for the pharaohs. B) They were constructed during the Middle Kingdom. C) They were symbols of royal power. D) The most magnificent of the pyramids was constructed about 2500 B.C.E. E) Pyramids were filled with boats, food, weapons, and games.
They were constructed during the Middle Kingdom.
What types of people would have been most likely to prefer the philosophy of Daoism? A) Those who liked a community oriented approach to living. B) Those who wanted to strive for an improvement in the quality of communal life. C) Those who liked an individualized approach to life that advocated a natural way of going along with the flow of events. D) Those who preferred a rigid dogma of rigid regulations and strict behavior patterns. E) Those who believed in multiple reincarnations.
Those who liked an individualized approach to life that advocated a natural way of going along with the flow of events.
The period of the Peloponnesian War saw A) Syracuse become the dominant Greek polis. B) Athens finally defeat Sparta. C) the Athenians capture Sicily and Carthage. D) the use of hoplites discarded by Persia. E) Thucydides write his History of the Peloponnesian War.
Thucydides write his History of the Peloponnesian War.
The Roman Senate was originally created under the Etruscan kings to serve what function? A) To create law B) To perform particular religious rituals C) To advise the Etruscan kings D) To elect the next king E) As an armed body to defend the city of Rome from external attacks
To advise the Etruscan kings
At Cahokia, near East Saint Louis, archeologists have discovered a burial mount more than 98 feet high with a base larger than Egypt's Great Pyramid. A) True B) False
True
Athens, with a population of 250,000 in the fifth century B.C.E., was far larger than most Greek poleis. A) True B) False
True
Both the Qin and the Han dynasties had problems with the nomadic Xiongnu from Central Asia. A) True B) False
True
Bronze artifacts, both decorative and practical (such as weapons), were a sign of high social status in Shang China. A) True B) False
True
By 100,000 B.C.E., two groups of Homo sapiens had developed. A) True B) False
True
During the era of the Abbasid caliphate, the caliph was advised by a council, called the diwan, and headed by a prime minister, known as a vizier. A) True B) False
True
During the prophetic era (c.750-550), Judaism developed a sense of universalism in its monotheistic theology. A) True B) False
True
From 8000 to 4000 B.C.E. the Sahara featured lakes and ponds and vast grasslands. A) True B) False
True
In comparison to Greece, Italy had fewer rugged mountains and possessed more productive agricultural lands. A) True B) False
True
In contrast with the Aztecs, the Inka created a highly centralized state. A) True B) False
True
In the 130s and 120s B.C.E., Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus advocated the seizure of the large estates owned by the aristocracy and then distribute the lands to landless Romans. A) True B) False
True
In the philosophical concept of Yin and Yang, the Yin represents the passive, reflective, moist feminine side of nature. A) True B) False
True
Inscriptions on ox and chicken bones or turtle shells were used for divination and to communicate with the gods. A) True B) False
True
It was Pericles who claimed that Athens was the "school of Greece." A) True B) False
True
Legalism was the political philosophy of the Qin dynasty. A) True B) False
True
Muslims believe that the Qur'an was not written by Muhammad but rather consists of direct revelations from Allah recited through Muhammad. A) True B) False
True
Relatively rare among early societies, by 5000 B.C.E. Sudanic people had a monotheistic belief in a single, morally neutral divine force. A) True B) False
True
Some archeologists claim that agricultural may have appeared first in Nubia rather than in the lower Nile valley. A) True B) False
True
The Bao-jia system was the practice of organizing several family units into larger groups of five and ten families that would exercise mutual control and surveillance. A) True B) False
True
The Pax Romana was among the chief benefits of Roman rule during the first and second centuries C.E. A) True B) False
True
The Persians were an Indo-European people. A) True B) False
True
The Pyramid of the Sun was built by the people of Teotihuacan in the fifth century C.E. A) True B) False
True
The Qin dynasty had problems with the nomadic Xiongnu from Central Asia. A) True B) False
True
The ancient Egyptians had no word for religion. A) True B) False
True
The caste system was in part a reflection of the light-skinned Aryans conquest of the dark-skinned Dravidians. A) True B) False
True
The individual generally credited with transforming Sparta into a military state was Lycurgus. A) True B) False
True
The king of Mali who went on a famous pilgrimage to Mecca in the fourteenth century was Mansa Musa. A) True B) False
True
The nature of gender relations was demonstrated in the Chinese written language, with the character for woman was a person in a posture of deference and respect. A) True B) False
True
There is recent evidence of an early civilization that existed from the Caspian Sea to modern Afghanistan. A) True B) False
True
Unlike Mesopotamia's rivers, the flooding of Egypt's Nile was gradual and usually predictable, and the river seen as life-enhancing rather than life-threatening. A) True B) False
True
The major nomadic threat to the Qin came from the A) Xiongnu. B) Mongols. C) Manchus. D) Han. E) Jin.
Xiongnu.
Asceticism eventually evolved into the modern practice of body training known as A) karma. B) satya. C) yoga. D) sati. E) samsara.
Yoga
The Olympic games were held to honor A) Delphia. B) Zeus. C) Athena. D) Apollo. E) Aphrodite.
Zeus.
The Mesopotamian mathematical system was based on A) a base-10 number system. B) a base-60 number system. C) the belief that there was no need to keep track of celestial phenomena. D) a base-20 number system. E) the belief that all of life could be reduced to numerical equations that begin with zero.
a base-60 number system.
The Qin dynasty A) permitted all philosophies to compete freely for public acceptance. B) had a shy, highly religious Buddhist as its first ruler. C) lasted exactly four hundred years. D) carried out public book burnings. E) developed the first direct democracy in human history.
carried out public book burnings.
By the time he died, at the age of thirty-two, Alexander had conquered all except A) western Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt. B) ancient Mesopotamia, including Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis. C) northern India as far east as modern Pakistan. D) modern-day Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Israel and other areas. E) central Gaul.
central Gaul.
The purpose of Ashoka's great polished sandstone pillars was to A) commemorate events in Buddha's life. B) mark pilgrim routes to Daoist holy places. C) warn aliens to leave India. D) provide propaganda for Kautilya's government. E) celebrate his victories over Alexander the Great.
commemorate events in Buddha's life.
A common Neolithic structure found in various places around the world is the megalith, which gives evidence of A) Neolithic law codes. B) communal cooperation and ritual practices. C) Neolithic government systems. D) familial relationships. E) military innovations.
communal cooperation and ritual practices.
Greek geography A) helped to produce a civilization that was composed of cooperative and peaceful communities. B) contained mountainous areas that impeded Greek unity. C) prohibited a relationship with the sea that produced colonization. D) encouraged industrialization E) discouraged emigration.
contained mountainous areas that impeded Greek unity.
The authority of Mauryan kings was A) limited by the practical aspects of administering a numerous independent city states. B) curtailed by an institutionalized bureaucracy of powerful governors and ministers. C) unlimited by law or custom. D) established by Alexander the Great. E) was diminished by the onset of the Black Death.
curtailed by an institutionalized bureaucracy of powerful governors and ministers.
Mayan civilization A) had such a sophisticated religious system that it was adopted by the Spanish invaders. B) may have been composed of approximately thirty million people at its height. C) was located in the northern part of the Valley of Mexico. D) was never wealthy. E) declined in the eighth or ninth centuries C.E.
declined in the eighth or ninth centuries C.E.
Legalism A) developed during the "Hundred Schools" era. B) believed that the universe contains a moral core. C) gained a significant following only during the Han Dynasty. D) developed a reformist version of Daoism. E) was a direct outgrowth of Confucianism.
developed during the "Hundred Schools" era.
The Aryans A) dominated ancient India after their arrival from the north. B) assimilated with the Dravidians to form an egalitarian India. C) introduced agriculture to India. D) created a unified system of tribal alliances and kingdoms within ancient India. E) came originally from Persia and the Arabian peninsula.
dominated ancient India after their arrival from the north.
Socrates A) was a popular hero of the Peloponnesian War. B) was a merchant prince by trade. C) employed a question-and-answer method by which students' reasoning helped them to learn. D) wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War. E) was a student of Plato.
employed a question-and-answer method by which students' reasoning helped them to learn.
Paleolithic peoples A) engaged in artistic activities, as indicated by surviving cave paintings. B) lacked the use of fire, which significantly retarded their pace of development. C) perfected techniques that allowed them to hunt very large dinosaurs with total success. D) lived in brick structures. E) used bronze for tools and weapons, but not copper.
engaged in artistic activities, as indicated by surviving cave paintings.
Due to land shortages in the seventh century B.C.E., the Spartans invaded Messenia and A) sold all the Messenians into slavery outside of the Peloponnesus to remove them from the land. B) enslaved all the remaining Messenians. C) killed all the Messenians. D) then invaded the mainland of Greece seeking more land. E) intermarried with the Messenian to create a new people known as the Peloponnesians.
enslaved all the remaining Messenians.
The Shang dynasty A) came to power immediately after the Han dynasty. B) was the only one in ancient China to master the widespread use of steel and the printing press. C) established its capitals at Lhasa and Samarkand. D) was the first to employ over half of its people in various types of heavy manufacturing. E) equipped its army with two-horse chariots.
equipped its army with two-horse chariots.
Confucius believed that A) distinctions between social classes were fundamental to organizing society. B) family loyalty and family relationships were the key to a successful state. C) power should be distributed equally to all citizens of China. D) subjects should have the right to overthrow their king. E) all human beings needed strict laws to prevent their baser natures from taking over.
family loyalty and family relationships were the key to a successful state.
Chandragupta Maurya A) may have been a member of the army of Alexander the Great. B) feared assassination and had a secret police. C) was the last major Mauryan ruler. D) worshiped the god, Mithras. E) abolished Buddhism in India.
feared assassination and had a secret police.
Evidence at sites such as Çatal Hüyük indicate that Neolithic people worshipped many deities, but the most common religious image was of a A) god of justice. B) god of rain. C) god of war. D) goddesses of fertility. E) goddess of poetry.
goddesses of fertility.
South America A) was the original home of the Maya. B) contained societies practicing irrigated farming approximately eleven thousand years ago. C) has had human inhabitants for more than twelve thousand years. D) was populated only as recently as 500 C.E. E) was colonized from Africa rather than Asia.
has had human inhabitants for more than twelve thousand years.
Daoism A) became the philosophy of government under the Qin Dynasty. B) was first established by Mencius. C) has the Dao De Jing as its primary document. D) has the same view of the nature and meaning of life as Confucianism. E) counseled hard work and determined purposefulness for its followers.
has the Dao De Jing as its primary document.
The terra-cotta figures near the Qin First Emperor's burial mound demonstrate the A) use of ceramics as a sculpture medium, replacing the ivory-casting of the Shang. B) huge expenditures that were devoted to afterlife preparation for the monarch. C) continuation of the Shang practices of human sacrifices. D) freeing of the individual soul under the influence of Doaism. E) transience of human life.
huge expenditures that were devoted to afterlife preparation for the monarch.
Homer's legacy to the Greeks was A) an accurate historical record of past Greek events. B) important in inculcating the aristocratic values of courage and honor. C) a foundation of egalitarianism in Greek politics. D) actually written by a Phoenician trader. E) the first work to use the Cyrillic alphabet.
important in inculcating the aristocratic values of courage and honor.
Ancient Indian scientific activities A) were based on ideas much like those of Arabia. B) were notably lacking in astronomical interest. C) included the development of the idea that the earth was a sphere. D) were much more significant than Indian religious innovations. E) caused the Indian scientists to be renowned for their world domination in alchemy.
included the development of the idea that the earth was a sphere.
What makes the Chinese written language unique? A) its phonetic constructions B) its codified alphabet C) its ideographical format D) its geographical dichotomy E) its simplicity
its ideographical format
The San A) was the largest tribal grouping in West Africa. B) kept the Bantu out of their lands for eight centuries by using a guerrilla war strategy. C) created the largest city in southern Africa in the eleventh century. D) linguistically were related to the Khoi, distinguished by the use of "clicking" sounds. E) overwhelmed the fortress at Marrakech in 1066.
linguistically were related to the Khoi, distinguished by the use of "clicking" sounds.
The earliest hominids A) lived in Asia. B) lived in Africa. C) used iron tools. D) are known as Homo sapiens. E) evolved 1,000,000 years ago.
lived in Africa.
Rome was A) located in the valley of Attica. B) located on the plain of Latium. C) in legend, defended by the extreme bravery of Horatius. D) an ally of Athens in the Peloponnesian War. E) founded by the Etruscans.
located on the plain of Latium.
The Kingdom of Mali A) profited greatly from the pearl trade. B) was sufficiently dry to enable its farmers to grow corn, as well as sorghum and millet. C) maintained a very active pro-Islamic policy under Mansa Musa. D) rejected Islam in favor of Ethiopian-style Christianity. E) disappeared in the fifth century C.E.
maintained a very active pro-Islamic policy under Mansa Musa.
It can be said of gender relations among ancient Indians that A) Hinduism advocated respect for the equal rights of men and women. B) men often dominated women. C) women often had no influence or power within individual families. D) women were actually slaves. E) almost all of the early Indian gods were female.
men often dominated women.
In comparison to Han China, in the Roman Empire A) merchants were more highly regarded. B) merchants were less highly regarded. C) large-scale manufacturing fueled its economy. D) trade played little role. E) all officials were selected on the basis of merit only.
merchants were more highly regarded.
Hammurabi's law code of 1750 B.C.E. punished crimes with both physical punishments and A) spiritual repentance. B) automatic exoneration for crimes committed by the upper class. C) monetary fines as punishments. D) banishment. E) complete exoneration for women accused of crimes.
monetary fines as punishments.
For Confucius, the main thing to concentrate on was the A) significance of the gods. B) nature of the real aspects of daily living. C) metaphysical concepts of heavenly existence. D) relationships of religious thoughts and values. E) the Middle Way.
nature of the real aspects of daily living.
The Greeks decisively defeated the Persians A) at the pass of Thermopylae. B) near the island of Salamis. C) at Euboa. D) at Syracuse. E) near Delphi.
near the island of Salamis.
The chief export of Athens, and one of the major sources of its wealth and power, was A) democratic-style government. B) pottery. C) olive oil. D) training in military skills. E) slaves.
olive oil.
Greek religion was characterized by A) polytheism, rituals, sacrifice, and festivals. B) a total lack of spiritual perspective. C) a lack of practicality. D) public apathy. E) a highly personalized basis.
polytheism, rituals, sacrifice, and festivals.
The reason for the decline of Mayan civilization was A) due to the arrival of hostile Viking adventurers in the ninth century C.E. B) a volcanic eruption. C) an internal revolt. D) an external invasion. E) probably the result of multiple causes.
probably the result of multiple causes.
African music A) never served a religious function. B) refused to employ the use of strong motifs of repeated beats. C) produced a totality of music in its combination of voice and instrument sounds. D) played no role in the ceremonies, rituals, and education processes of the society. E) was restricted only to non-Islam societies.
produced a totality of music in its combination of voice and instrument sounds.
East African trade A) was exclusively oriented through the Nile to the Mediterranean. B) provided a lively, ocean-going commercial intercourse with civilizations far to the east. C) maintained a strictly coastal exchange between African cultures only. D) was mainly with Madagascar. E) was dominated by Christian merchants from Constantinople.
provided a lively, ocean-going commercial intercourse with civilizations far to the east.
On a practical level, reincarnation A) destroyed the caste system. B) provided hope for the lower class. C) prevented the assimilation of the poor into Indian society. D) weakened the authority of Jainism. E) a, b and c
provided hope for the lower class.
Cleisthenes A) was Sparta's greatest legal reformer. B) invaded Boetia from his secret base in Helvetia. C) reformed Athenian government thus creating the foundation for political democracy. D) argued that a polis was too small an area to govern. E) was a distant relative of both Homer and Pericles.
reformed Athenian government thus creating the foundation for political democracy.
To relieve pressure from the ever-growing population of Rome, dictator Julius Caesar A) killed off all non-Romans living in the city. B) sent thousands of poor and landless citizens to establish colonies in Gaul and North Africa. C) sent thousands of noncitizens to establish colonies in Gaul and North Africa. D) sent thousands of Roman citizens to establish colonies in Britain. E) instituted a one child per family law that harshly punished multichild families.
sent thousands of poor and landless citizens to establish colonies in Gaul and North Africa.
Hatshepsut was unusual among the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt because A) she had been married to the previous pharaoh, her brother. B) she was a woman. C) she believed that she was a living god. D) she had an elaborate tomb complex built for her burial. E) she believed in the potential for good people to be reincarnated after death, to live in eternity with the gods.
she was a woman.
The Indo-Europeans A) fought long and exhausting wars against the Hittites. B) originally lived in the western section of the Sahara. C) spoke related languages, among which are Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek. D) were the descendants of the Mongols and Turks. E) never penetrated Europe or India.
spoke related languages, among which are Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek.
Because Jainists believe that all life is sacred, some early practitioners A) starved themselves to death. B) killed each other. C) ate only meat. D) worshipped Mahavira. E) attacked Buddhists.
starved themselves to death.
The theoretical purpose of the jihad was to A) maintain peak military readiness. B) wage holy war against all other Muslims on the Arabian peninsula. C) broaden Muslim hegemony throughout Africa and Europe. D) strive in the way of the Lord. E) massacre all Jews and Christians.
strive in the way of the Lord.
All of the following are correct about the Garamantes except they A) transported goods across the Libyan Desert. B) were known to the Romans. C) survived for only a century. D) traded in salt, glass, metal, olive oil, and wine, gold, and slaves. E) declined as the desert dried up.
survived for only a century.
One indication of the importance of ritual sacrifice to the various Mesoamerican cultures is the Mesoamericans' tendency to A) use human sacrifice sparingly on only a few sacred days. B) take prisoners of war rather than kill their enemies outright. C) sacrifice only newborn children. D) kill all their enemies on the battlefield as a mass sacrifice to their gods. E) kill members of the royal families.
take prisoners of war rather than kill their enemies outright.
Examples of Zhou advances in agricultural technology included the A) development of bronze plowshares. B) use of artificial fertilizers and stirrup harnesses. C) technique of leaving fallow land to better use soil nutrients. D) planting of corn and yams. E) the permanent ending of flooding along the Yellow River.
technique of leaving fallow land to better use soil nutrients.
Under Pericles A) Sparta dominated the Greek world. B) Thucydides developed the first comedy. C) Athenian democracy became less democratic. D) the Delian League was used to expand Athenian imperialism. E) Athens conquered Sparta.
the Delian League was used to expand Athenian imperialism.
Under the Umayyad Dynasty A) Ethiopia became an Islamic state. B) the Islamic Arab empire expanded enormously. C) Iraqi Shi'ite and Sunnite forces became united. D) internal authority was strengthened by the propriety of the caliphs' behavior. E) Constantinople was captured in 711.
the Islamic Arab empire expanded enormously.
Sparta was located in A) the Attica Peninsula. B) the Peloponnesus. C) Boeotia. D) Macedonia. E) the Strait of Corinth.
the Peloponnesus.
In addition to Mesopotamia and Egypt, other nearby areas in which significant human advances were made included A) the development of large urban centers in the Balkan peninsula by 9300 B.C.E. B) probable independent development of animal domestication and limited farming in what is now southern France by 10,000 B.C.E. C) the establishment of large sheep ranches on the islands of Sicily and Ireland. D) the construction of a large megalithic complexes in the British Isles and in northwestern France which revealed a surprising awareness of astronomical data. E) the appearance of true cities in northern Gaul by 4000 B.C.E.
the construction of a large megalithic complexes in the British Isles and in northwestern France which revealed a surprising awareness of astronomical data.
Under the reigns of the five "good emperors" A) the power of the senate increased. B) nearly a century of chaos consumed Rome. C) the range of responsibilities that were affected by the policies of the emperors increased. D) public works construction decreased. E) Rome gained control of the British Isles and the Arabian peninsula.
the range of responsibilities that were affected by the policies of the emperors increased.
The Maya maintained three calendar systems: one for recording ritual days, a solar calendar, and a third calendar that recorded A) weather cycles. B) the reigns of kings. C) the acts of the gods. D) days grouped together into "months." E) agricultural seasons.
the reigns of kings.
In early China, it was believed that the universe was divided between two primary forces, A) the sun as the yang and the moon as the yin. B) the sun as the yin and the moon as the yang. C) the sun as the tin and the moon as the tang. D) the sun as the tang and the moon as the tin. E) heaven as the qing and earth as the ming.
the sun as the yang and the moon as the yin.
The late Zhou Dynasty is called the Warring States Period because A) the Shang returned to seize back power. B) there were numerous competing religious leaders, each with his own state. C) Sun Tzu's Art of War became recognized as the holiest text in China. D) women began to seize power from the Zhou kings. E) the wealthy noble houses saw that the Zhou kings were weak and established their own states.
the wealthy noble houses saw that the Zhou kings were weak and established their own states.
All of the following are true about the ancient Sumerian city-states except that A) their political structure was democratic in nature. B) warfare between them was common. C) they were primarily agricultural communities. D) they mastered the use of bronze. E) they engaged in monumental construction projects.
their political structure was democratic in nature.
The Inka had no writing system, but kept records using a system of knotted strings called quipu. A) True B) False
true
Stupas A) originally housed a relic of Ashoka. B) ultimately became a place of devotion. C) was the site where painting first developed in India. D) were believed to be the homes of Vishnu. E) were pillars, exactly fifty meters high and thirty meters deep.
ultimately became a place of devotion.
Egyptian hieroglyphs A) used sacred characters as picture signs. B) employed the use of an alphabet. C) were written only on a paper made from papyrus reed and oak bark. D) were introduced by the Amorites. E) were borrowed from the practices of the Phoenicians.
used sacred characters as picture signs.
"The Rule of the Fishes" refers to the A) statement of Buddha about the need to abstain from killing reptiles. B) view that warfare is glorious and was the primary activity of kings and aristocrats. C) development of a major marine fishery program under Ashoka. D) desire of Hindus to eat fish rather than cattle. E) the invasion of the Ganges basis by the Sea Peoples from South Asia.
view that warfare is glorious and was the primary activity of kings and aristocrats.
Julius Caesar A) was a member of the plebeian class. B) defeated Octavian's army and obtained the titles of dictator, then dictator for life. C) saw the need for change and strengthened the Senate's power. D) was assassinated by a group of leading senators. E) all of the above
was assassinated by a group of leading senators.
Traditional Roman religion A) was quite similar to Jainist thought and practice in India. B) was based on the proper implementation of rituals by state priests. C) involved worship of a variety of officially recognized gods. D) was replaced by Zoroastrianism during the principate. E) could best be described as ethical monotheism.
was based on the proper implementation of rituals by state priests.
Spartan society A) secluded women and forbade them to appear in public. B) was the first ancient society to attempt to save all premature and crippled infants. C) adopted democracy a century earlier than in Athens. D) was organized as a military state. E) passed the Lycurgan reforms, which made all women voters.
was organized as a military state.
The government of Rome A) was originally established as a representative democracy. B) contained an element of republicanism from its beginnings. C) was originally a monarchy but later became a republic. D) was developed as a monarchy under the Celts. E) was ruled by the upper class plebeians.
was originally a monarchy but later became a republic.
A key difference between Hinduism and Buddhism was that Buddhism A) claimed that each individual possessed an individual, reincarnatable soul. B) believed in an unyielding caste structure. C) was simpler, as it rejected the numerous Hindu gods. D) required belief in a different, two-tier caste system. E) originated in Mongolia, Siddhartha's birthplace.
was simpler, as it rejected the numerous Hindu gods.
Aeschylus A) was the leader of the Sophists. B) was the first known writer of tragedy. C) was the first capital city of Ionia. D) was the name of the basic Spartan army unit. E) wrote The Republic.
was the first known writer of tragedy.
The First Punic War A) resulted from a Roman invasion of Spain. B) was waged between Carthage and Rome over control of the island of Sicily. C) was begun with an attack by Hannibal. D) discouraged the Romans from developing their naval power. E) was caused by a Macedonian assault on Sicily.
was waged between Carthage and Rome over control of the island of Sicily.
Women in ancient India A) were legally owned by their husbands and male children. B) were never permitted to study the Vedas or own land, but could often serve as gurus. C) never married before the age of twenty-one years. D) were in theory required that a widow throw herself upon her dead husband's funeral pyre. E) were barred from even viewing the ritual of sati.
were in theory required that a widow throw herself upon her dead husband's funeral pyre.
The Aryans A) were an Indo-European people who spoke the German language. B) crushed Mohenjo-Daro when the Harappan Civilization was at its peak. C) never controlled any of the Deccan Plateau. D) were the first Dravidian people to settle in the Indus Valley. E) were led by tribal chieftains who were called rajas.
were led by tribal chieftains who were called rajas.
In South America by 2000 B.C.E. peoples A) had discovered the smelting of iron. B) had domesticated wheat for making of bread, C) were sailing the Pacific in wind-powered balsa wood rafts. D) had developed a complex writing system. E) were using the wheel in transportation.
were sailing the Pacific in wind-powered balsa wood rafts.
Loess is A) a dry, cracked soil inhospitable for farming. B) a wet fertile soil that is also geologically stable. C) mixed soil that is sometimes extremely dry and sometimes extremely wet, depending on the season. D) a type of farming in China. E) yellowish brown soil.
yellowish brown soil.
