Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomics

In treating work-related MSDs, what is the first step in which you analyze the fitness of the worker, the demands of the job, and environmental factors?

Assessment

What types of postures increase risk of musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace?

Awkward

What factors related to body size and proportions increase risk of musculoskeletal disorders?

BMI, Obesity

Name three common work-related injuries.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tendinitis, Lower Back Injuries (Epicondylitis, Trigger Finger, Rotator Cuff Injuries, Muscle Strains)

The environmental condition leads to decreased core body temperature, leading to shivering, extremity pain, dilated pupil, reduced capacity, clouded consciousness, strains, and sprains.

Cold

What is the force of the body against an external object causes impact shock to entire body?

Contact Trauma

What do increases in age correlate with, resulting in an increased individual risk for musculoskeletal disorders?

Degenerative Conditions

Length of exposure to risks.

Duration

Ability to continue or last, despite fatigue, stress, or other conditions.

Endurance

Job demands include force, posture, repetition, time, and situational conditions such as lighting, noise, vibration, and temperature. What are these types of factors are these considered, collectively?

Environment Factors

Lighting, noise, vibration, heat or cold of the surrounding environment.

Environmental Conditions

Scientific study of people at work with the goal to reduce stress and eliminate injuries and disorders associated with the overuse of muscles, bad posture, and repeated tasks.

Ergonomics

This environmental condition results in dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, muscle cramps, loss of capacity, and exhaustion or stroke.

Excessive Heat Load

At what height should the monitors be positioned in a workstation?

Eye Level

True or False: Ergonomics analysts are well received in the work place, because their remediation improves productivity and reduces absences.

False

True or False: Static and repetitive work requires less energy.

False

True or False: Use of gloves dampens sensory input thereby reducing the effort and force required to do work.

False

In considering endurance, probability of work-related musculoskeletal injury increases with what?

Fatigue

Are there greater decreases in grip strength in full extension or flexion?

Flexion

Amount of physical effort required to do a task or maintain control of tools and equipment.

Force

Pinch or Grip? Entire hand exerts force.

Grip

Pinch or Grip? Most effective and safest method.

Grip

Pinch or Grip? Whole hand manipulation

Grip

This type of work has a greater cardiovascular demand leading to muscle fatigue and heart failure.

Heavy Dynamic Exertion

What combination of factors produces the highest risk for musculoskeletal disorders?

High force, extreme posture, repetition.

What does unresolved pain and injury lead to in work-related activities?

Impairment

The pyschosocial factors of intensified workloads, monotony, limited job control, low job clarity, low social support are all considered what?

Increased Stressors

In performing an ergonomic consultation what methods would you use to assess task specific and job-wide risk analyses?

Interview, observation, job description

Stretching in the opposite direction of muscle fatigue helps dissipate what?

Lactic Acid

In considering exposure in the workplace, what three elements increase risk of injury?

Length, Frequency, Intensity

What type of stress does contact trauma place on the musculoskeletal system?

Mechanical

Which gender is more susceptible to musculoskeletal injuries because of their heavy labor and intensive tool use?

Men

What position should the wrists assume in appropriate workstation solutions?

Neutral

What organization provides information regarding regulatory requirements for individuals in the workplace?

OSHA

What does OSHA stand for?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

What does undue strain during work-related activities?

Pain, Injury

Age, gender, physical activity, strength, endurance, body size and proportions, and psychosocial factors are related to the individual. What types of factors are these considered, collectively?

Person Factors

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the result of a mismatch between physical demands of the job and what aspect of the person?

Physical Capacity

Pinch or Grip? Digital manipulation.

Pinch

Pinch or Grip? Fingers exert the force.

Pinch

Pinch or Grip? Requires greater strength.

Pinch

Position of the body

Posture

Rest period that prevents muscle fatigue by rejuvenate oxygen and metabolites and removing uric acid and waste products.

Recovery Time

What is the frequency of motion or exertion, the number of times a task is completed?

Repetition

What type of motions increase risk of musculoskeletal injuries in workers?

Repetitive

The greater force required, the greater ____________________.

Risk of Injury

What type of lifestyle leads to an increased susceptibility to injury, including further risk following injury?

Sedentary

Sign or Symptom? Impaired job performance.

Sign

Sign or Symptom? Increase of worker's compensation costs.

Sign

Sign or Symptom? Reduced productivity.

Sign

Sign or Symptom? Temporary or permanent disability.

Sign

What is the combination of force, posture, and duration required for maintaining a single position, that creates rapid fatigue and increases risk of musculoskeletal disorders?

Static Exertion

Ability to withstand or exert force, stress, or pressure.

Strength

Sign or Symptom? Changes in coloration.

Symptom

Sign or Symptom? Discomfort and pain

Symptom

Sign or Symptom? Inflammation and swelling.

Symptom

Sign or Symptom? Numbness, tingling, burning sensation.

Symptom

Sign or Symptom? Soft tissue tightness and loss of flexibility.

Symptom

How long it takes to perform task or the length of a work shift.

Time

True or False: Musculoskeletal factors include bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, nerves, and blood vessels.

True

True or False: Recovery time should lengthen as sustained task duration increases.

True

True or False: Use of force increases the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace.

True

What do work demands that exceed physical capabilities lead to?

Undue Strain

Recovery time helps prevent muscle fatigue by removing what?

Uric Acid

What environmental condition leads to vascular insufficiency which interferes with sensory receptor feedback?

Vibration

20/20/20 is an activity adjustment designed to provide what benefit?

Visual Break

Which gender is more susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders due to positions involving repetitive, hand-intensive work?

Women

Greater physical activity leads to _______________ risk of injury.

greater