Workbook: Facials and Sinuses
Where on the pts face should the central ray be directed?
halfway between the outer canthus and the EAM
In relation to surrounding structures, where in the image should the mandibular condyle be seen for axiolateral oblique projections with the pt holding the mouth closed?
in mandibular fossa
The image of the acanthioparietal projection is similar to the image of the __ projection (__ method)
parietoacanthial, waters
How should the MSP be positioned with reference to the IR?
perpendicular
Describe how and where the CR should be directed
perpendicular to a point 1/2 an inch distal to the nasion
Describe how the CR should be directed.
perpendicular to the IOML @ a point 1in posterior to the outer canthus
What point should he CR be directed
perpendicular to the IOML and centered on the MSP of the throat
How should the CR be directed relative to the IR?
perpendicularly
How should the CR be directed to the pt?
perpendicularly
How should the CR be directed?
perpendicularly
Which positioning line of the head should be parallel with the transverse axis of the IR?
IOML
What positioning line of the head should be perpendicular to the IR?
IPL
Indicate how the IPL and MSP should be positioned with reference to the IR:
IPL: perpendicular MSP: parallel
The plane of the head that should be parallel with the plane of the IR is the __
MSP
Which plane and positioning line of the head should be perpendicular to the IR?
MSP and MML
Which body plane and postioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR?
MSP and OML
Which plane and positioning line of the head should be perpendicular to the IR?
MSP and OML
The CR should enter the pt at the TMJ farther from the IR. T/F
false
The MSP should be parallel with the IR. T/F
false
The entire cranial base should be demonstrated. T/F
false
The long axis of the mandibular body shoul be parallel with the transverse axis of the IR. T/F
false
The neck should be flexed to pull the chin downward. T/F
false
Zygomatic arches should be demonstrated superimposed with the anterior frontal bone. T/F
false
The PA projection demosntrates the mandibular body without bony superimposition. T/F
flase
The entire side of the mandible from the condyle to the symphysis should be demonstrated. T/F
flase
The entire vertex should be included on the radiograph. T/F
flase
To demonstrate the rami with the PA projection what two facial structures should be touching the vertical grid?
forehead and nose
Which two facial structures should be touching the vertical grid device?
forehead and nose
How should the MSP be positioned with reference to the IR?
form an angle of 15 degrees
Identify a typical situation in which the pt should not be asked to open his or her mouth wide for an AP axial projection.
fracture displacement
Which paranasal sinus group is superior to the other sinus groups
frontal
list the four groups of sinuses
frontal ethmoidal sphenoidal maxillary
For the SMV projection, what causes the zygomatic arches to be projected beyond the parietal eminences?
the divergent xray beam
For the AP axial projection in the closed-mouth projection, the upper posterior teeth should be in contact with the lower posterior teeth. T/F
true
The CR should be directed perpendicularly to the midpoint of the IR. T/F
true
The MSP should be perpendicular to the IR. T/F
true
The SMV projection should demonsrate both zygomatic arches with one exposure. T/F
true
The area of interest should be parallel with the IR. T/F
true
The mouth should be closed with the teeth held together. T/F
true
The pt should hyperextend the neck and rest the head on the vertex. T/F
true
Both open and closed mouth positions should be performed with the axiolateral oblique projection unless contraindicted. T/F
ture
What part of the pt should be in contact with the grid device?
vertex of the skull
Which facial bone should be centered to the IR?
zygomatic
Through what structure should the CR exit the pt?
TMJ closest to IR
Both zygomatic arches should be demonstrated on the radiograph with a single exposure. T/F
True
To which landmark should the IR be centered?
central ray
Why should the incisors not contact when the pt is positioned with a closed mouth AP axial projection
condules out of mandibular fossa
Where should the CR enter the pt?
2 in above the nasion
How many degrees and which direction should the CR be directed?
20-25 cephalad
How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed?
35 caudad
Where on the pt should the IR be centered?
1/2 an in anterior to EAM
How many degrees and in what direction should the CR be directed?
15 caudad
Describe where the petrous ridges most likely will appear in the image if the oML creates the following angles with IR? A. 25 degrees B. 37 degrees C. 55 Degrees
A. far below the maxillae B. right below the maxilae C. superimposed on the maxillary sinus
Where should the midpoint of the IR be centered to the pt?
Acanthion
What positioning line of the head should be as parallel as possible with the IR?
IOML
What positioning line of the head should be parallel with the IR?
IOML
Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR?
OML
How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed when each of the following positioning lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR: A. OML: B. IOML:
OML 30 degrees caudad IOML 37 degrees caudad
Indicate how the OML and the MSP should be positioned with reference to the IR:
OML: 37 degrees MSP: perpendicular
Indicate how the OML and MSP should be positioned with reference to the IR
OML: perpendicular MSP: perpendicular
Which positioning landmark should be centered to the IR?
acanthioin
Which positioning line of the head should be parallel with the transverse axis of IR:
acanthiomeatal
Through which positioniing landmark of the face should the CR exit?
acanthion
To which landmark of the head should the IR be centered?
acanthion
To which positioning landmark should the CR be directed?
acanthion
How does the vertebral column affect the image?
it superimposes the central part of mandibular body
The IR should be placed in the IR holder __
lengthwise
Which paranasal sinuses are most likely located inferior to the orbits?
maxillary
The central ray should enter 1 in above the landmark __
nasion
To which facial landmark should the unmasked portion of the IR be centered:
nasion
Which paranasal sinuses are located directly below the sella turcica
sphenoidal
What prevents the central poart of the mandibular body from being clearly demonstrated?
superimposition of the spine
The acanthioparietal facial bones when the pt is lying in the __ position.
supine