World Geography: Religion

Name two of the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism.

Answer: Life brings suffering, desire causes this suffering, this suffering can be overcome and nirvana can be attained; disciplining the mind and body by practicing proper thinking and behavior ends this suffering and leads to nirvana.

What is nirvana and what religion embraces the concept?

Answer: Nirvana is the escape from the cycle of death and rebirth and Buddhism embraces the concept.

What are the three conventional branches within Christianity?

Answer: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox

Traditionalists see the need for sharia to be flexible and open to different interpretations in order to apply in today's society.

Answer: False

What are the two main branches of Islam?

Answer: Sunnis and Shiites

Which religious movement has the prosperity gospel affected?

Answer: The Renewalist movement

What is the prosperity gospel?

Answer: The idea that one's physical and economical well-being are direct consequences of the financial contributions a member makes to the church.

What is geopiety?

Answer: The religious-like reverence that people may develop for the Earth.

What are dreaming tracks?

Answer: The tracks or pathways taken by the Ancestral Spirits during the Dreamtime.

What are the three major branches within Buddhism?

Answer: Theravada, Mahayana, Tantrayana

A church with 2000 or more members that follows mainline or Renewalist Christian theologies is known as a megachurch.

Answer: True

Contagious, relocation, and hierarchical diffusion all factored in the spread of Christianity.

Answer: True

Diasporic religious communities provide a good example of how distinctive associations between religious communities and territory can develop.

Answer: True

Ethnic religions include Judaism, Hinduism, and Shintoism.

Answer: True

Israel is the only country in which a majority of the population is Jewish.

Answer: True

Secondary hearths are the places or regions where a religion fragments internally to form a new branch.

Answer: True

The Hindu caste system is hereditary, and children are born into the varna of their parents.

Answer: True

Universalizing religions are closely associated with a key individual who established the religion.

Answer: True

Unlike universalizing religions, the origin of Hinduism is generally associated with the upper classes rather than the influence of one key individual.

Answer: True

An awareness of the interdependency between people and nature is known as ____________.

Answer: religious ecology

The Dreamtime is associated with what two sacred realms in Aboriginal religious beliefs?

Answer: time and place

Cite three reasons why a pilgrimage might be conducted.

Answer: to purify the soul, to demonstrate devotion, to fulfill a vow, to contemplate or gain proximity to the divine, to seek divine or supernatural assistance, to give thanks, or to perform an act of penance.

What is karma and what religion embraces the concept?

Answer: Karma is the influence of past thoughts and actions and Hinduism embraces the concept.

The Vedas identify four social classes called varnas, ranked on the basis of

purity.

An ethnic religion is a belief system that is worldwide in scope and welcomes all people as potential adherents.

Answer: False

Both Sunnis and Shiites use the term imam to refer to a religious leader, especially one who leads group prayer.

Answer: False

Christian fundamentalists are Renewalists and share the same beliefs about the Holy Spirit.

Answer: False

Hindu, Buddhism, and Islam all emerged in the Indic hearth.

Answer: False

Muslims believe that the Torah records the word of God as it was revealed to Muhammad.

Answer: False

Syncretic religions incorporate veneration of spirits or deities associated with natural features.

Answer: False

The Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Independent Church branches form the three conventional branches within Christianity

Answer: False

The following are some characteristics of Islam?

-It is the second largest religion after Christianity.-Geographically, it is the dominant religion in a belt that stretches from North Africa across the Middle East, Central Asia, and into South Asia.-Its founder was Muhammad.-It is sometimes classified as an Abrahamic faith.

The roots of religious fundamentalism date to the European Enlightenment of the 1700s

. Answer: False

Theravada Buddhists believe that the Buddha is a compassionate deity and that Theravada Buddhism provides a way for believers to be saved from the cycle of rebirth.

Answer: False

Distinguish between monotheistic and polytheistic religions

Answer: A monotheistic religion believes in a single deity. Polytheistic religion believes in multiple deities.

What are the two meanings of the phrase jihad, or holy war?

Answer: A personal struggle to uphold the tenets of the faith or a defense of Islam from threats posed by nonbelievers.

What is a syncretic religion?

Answer: A religion that demonstrates a notable blending of beliefs and practices, usually as a result of contact between people who practice different religions.

What is an animistic religion?

Answer: A religion that incorporates veneration of spirits or deities associated with natural features.

What is religious ecology?

Answer: An awareness of the interdependency between people and nature.

What is cosmogony?

Answer: An explanation of the beginning of the world.

Which religion emphasizes environmental stewardship?

Answer: Christianity

What three diffusion factors have contributed to the spread of Christianity?

Answer: Contagious, relocation, and hierarchical diffusion.

A pilgrimage is always voluntary.

Answer: False

In the Hindu cosmogony, who is the supreme spiritual source and sustainer of the universe

Brahman

Scholars debate the status of ________________: some consider it a system of ethics or a civil religion, but not an institutionalized religion.

Confucianism

The following are Islam's Five Pillars of Practice?

Fasting during Ramadan, making the shahadah, giving charity to the poor, Praying five times a day, Making the hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca at least once if financially and physically capable

Shiites make up a majority of the population in all of these countries

Iran.Iraq.Azerbaijan.Bahrain.

The fastest growing religion in the world is

Islam.

The following is not true about a sacred space?

It needs to be territorially defined.

These religions are sometimes classified as Abrahamic faiths

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

The following movement sees the need for sharia to be flexible and open to different interpretations in order to apply in today's society

Modernism

_______________ is the fastest growing branch within Christianity

Renewalism

_______________, _______________, and ____________ normally cremate the deceased

Theravada Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs

One of the goals of _________ was to create a religious and political homeland for Jews

Zionism

An intellectual movement that encourages scientific thought, the expansion of knowledge, and belief in the inevitability of progress is known as

modernism.