World history final

In order to achieve victory in ________ and ________, Asian communists such as Mao Zedong and Ho Chi Minh did which of the following adapted their revolutionary theories to reflect the major concerns of the peasants Both China and Vietnam had a large number of peasants.

China and Vietnam

"Total war was no longer a rational option for enemies armed with nuclear weapons. If they were to fight each other, they could only do so in limited wars or through non-nuclear client states. Ironically, then, weapons of total destruction may have rendered total war between major powers obsolete in the late twentieth century." Merry Wiesner-Hanks, world historian, 2004

During the Cold War, both the United States and the Soviet Union actively sought ways to neutralize each other's nuclear missiles. The fear was it didn't matter who pushed the button first, both sides had nuclear weapons and both would use them.

India was partitioned as it gained independence in 1947 because Muslims had their own desire for a state in South Asia. India is a predominantly ______ state and Muslims worried what would happen to them once India gained independence from the British.

Hindu

"We shall not repeat the past. We shall eradicate it by restoring our rights in the Suez Canal. This money is ours. The canal is the property of Egypt."

The quotation above by Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser (in power 1952-1970) best expresses support for nationalism. Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal, controlling access and creating an international conflict.

The factors that stimulate industrialization include an ample population to serve as a workforce (labor), investment capital (money), and access to natural resources (land). Britain had an abundant supply of...

all of these things which is why the Industrial Revolution began there.

The global economic depression of the 1930s led to several things....

the rise of dictatorships and fascism, and the governments taking a more active role in their economies. (By taking a more active approach, governments hoped their economy would recover quicker)

African nations that had been colonized by Western European countries gained their independence in the years following World War II. However, success was hard to come by - many of the problems African nations face can be traced back to the colonial era. One of those issues is in achieving political stability. Ethnic and religious conflicts caused by the inclusion of rival groups within the same borders is making stability difficult. The Europeans took no concern about where they drew boundary lines and the Africans are paying for it today.

true

Following the Revolution of 1979, Iran became an Islamic theocracy or government by religion. It is the only theocracy in the world. This also ended the alliance between...

... the U.S. and Iran.

The major goal of the Zionist movement was to rebuild a homeland for Jews in Palestine. Both the Jews and Palestinians (Muslim Arabs) had been promised the land by the British. Ultimately, the Jewish state of Israel is created by...

... the UN in 1948.

After World War II, Japan's economy recovered quickly because of...

... the alliance with capitalist countries and the work of the MacArthur constitution.

Long-term causes of World War I include...

... the rise of nationalism, competition for colonies, weapons build-up (militarism), and alliances.

The characteristics of fascism include...

... ultra nationalistic propaganda, expansion & glorification of the military, and emphasis on sacrifice for the nation -state. A perfect example of those characteristics is Hitler's Nazi Germany.

Black South Africans struggled against white minority rule prior to 1990 by supporting the African National Congress (ANC). The ANC was fighting to end...

...apartheid in South Africa.

In China, Deng Xiaoping introduced economic reforms following the death of Mao Ze Dong and the arrest of the gang of four. He realized that communism was not keeping up with...

...capitalism

The Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union during the second half of the twentieth century was characterized by...

...competition primarily over ideology and economic structure. It was a battle between capitalism and communism.

In Eastern Europe, the fall of communism led to...

...economic problems. Eastern European countries had been Soviet satellites for about 40 years so trying to update their system and move into a capitalist market was difficult.

The purpose of the United Nations is to...

...ensure world peace based on collective security. The UN was created following World War II and expanded beyond just world peace.

New African nations face the problems of...

...ethnic violence, military dictatorships, and limited economies after gaining independence from their European colonizers.

The founding North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is best understood in the context of which of the following the Cold War. NATO was the alliance of western, capitalist countries who pledged to...

...help each other should the Soviets (or communists) attack.

Characteristics of capitalism include private ownership of property, upward social mobility, and the dynamics of supply & demand. We first see these characteristics during the...

...industrial revolution

The purpose of the League of Nations was to maintain world peace following World War I. Unfortunately it was given no authority to really do anything so it was...

...ineffective in preventing future conflicts.

In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Social Darwinists made the argument that theories of natural selection could be applied to...

...nations, races, and social classes. The Europeans used this idea as a means for their imperialistic actions in Africa and Asia.

The main reason the U.S. increased its military support for South Vietnam in the 1960s was because communism seemed to be expanding in the region. This was the U.S. domino theory...

...that if Vietnam fell then the rest of the area would as well.

Nationalist leaders in Africa and Asia, such as Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), Jomo Kenyatta (1894-1978), and Kwame Nkrumah (1909-1972), all had opposition to colonial rule. Both Africa and Asia had been colonized by various European countries during...

...the age of imperialism in the 1800s.

Western imperialism in the 20th century (1900s) played a large role in how the world moved forward. One of the major effects was...

...the development of nationalism among the colonized peoples. The colonized people began to united together to fight for their independence against their European colonizer (think Vietnam).

At the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union disagreed about both reparations and boundaries. This led to...

...the division of Germany and ultimately the Cold War.

The most immediate effect of the collapse of the communist regime in the Soviet Union was...

...the end of the cold war

Between 1800 and 1914 the general increase in the living standards of industrial workers was because of...

...the increase supply of inexpensive consumer goods. Industrialization made goods mass produced and affordable.

In the First and Second World Wars, women made highly visible contributions to the war effort, which contributed most to women gaining the right to vote in industrialized countries between _____ and ____.

1914 and 1950

The factors of production

Land (natural resources), labor (workers), and capital (money).

Revolutionary leaders appealed to the peasants with the promise of...

Land, better working conditions/wages, and generally a better life

Revolutions in china, Russia, and mexico in the early 1900's because of...

Nationalism and socialism

"Lenin used severe methods only in the most necessary cases, when the exploiting classes were still in existence and were vigorously opposing the revolution. . . . Stalin, on the other hand, used extreme methods and mass repressions at a time when the revolution was already victorious, when the Soviet state was strengthened, when the exploiting classes were already liquidated, and when our party was politically consolidated and had strengthened itself both numerically and ideologically." Nikita Khrushchev, Soviet leader, 1956

Nikita Khrushchev became the leader of the Soviet Union following the death of Joseph Stalin. Stalin was a pretty evil guy and Khrushchev wanted to distance himself from Stalin's policies. Khrushchev was still interested in winning the Cold War and spreading communism but he did not want to be associated with Stalin.

"Liberty and justice consist of restoring all that belongs to others; thus, the only limits on the exercise of the natural rights of woman are perpetual male tyranny; these limits are to be reformed by the laws of nature and reason." Olympe de Gouges, French feminist, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen, 1791

Olympe de Gouges was applying the ideas of the Enlightenment to women. De Gouges was a feminist during the French Revolution, an event built on the ideas of the Enlightenment. However, the revolutionaries only applied those ideas to men.

"At school the teachers say it is our patriotic duty to stop using foreign words. I didn't know what they meant by this at first, but now I see it—you must no longer say 'adieu' ['farewell'] because that is French. It is in order to say 'lebwohl' ['farewell' in German] instead. We also have bought a little tin box in which we'll put some small change every time we slip up and use a foreign word. The contents of this little war savings box will go towards buying knitting wool. We must now knit woollen things for the soldiers." Diary of a twelve-year-old German girl, August 1914

Shortly after the outbreak of World War I, nationalist sentiment grew throughout Europe. People took pride in their country and wanted to support the troops.

The beginning of the industrial revolution in Great Britain was most influenced by the fact that Great Britain had the factors of production...

Specifaclly coal

"The Declaration of the French Revolution made in 1791 on the Rights of Man and the Citizen also states: 'All men are born free and with equal rights, and must always remain free and have equal rights.' "Nevertheless for more than eighty years, the French imperialists, abusing the standard of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity, have violated our Fatherland and oppressed our fellow-citizens. They have acted contrary to the ideals of humanity and justice." Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam, 1945

The excerpt above was written in response to the end of the struggle for Vietnamese independence known as the Indochina wars. Following World War II, the Vietnamese wanted independence from France (who had colonized the area) but the French were unwilling to leave.