World History - Semester Exam Review - Part B

Define Imperialism

Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

What is Sepoy?

Indian soldier serving under British rule

Compare how the lives of the middle class and the working class differed during this time

Middle class - educated, wealthy, shorter work days, women didn't work, safe working conditions, higher life expectancy Working class - uneducated, poor, long hours, women & children worked, dangerous conditions, low life expectancy

Define Isolationism

Policy of avoiding contact with other countries

Why would the Sepoys revolt?

The British caused economic problems

What type of Imperialism would China experience?

"Sphere of Influence" granted Europeans the power to affect its developments and culture due to the open door policy

What is the Scientific Method?

A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem that includes these steps: observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion

What is an entrepreneur?

An individual who starts a new business or introduces a new product

What happened to India politically as a result of the Sepoy Rebellion?

Britain takes even more control of India

Identify the teachings of Karl Marx

Communist manifesto; believed that the market should be controlled by the government and everything should be redistributed equally; share factors of production

What raw materials did Africa have that European nations wanted?

Copper, cotton, rubber, diamonds, coal, iron, and silver

Explain how tenement housing impacted the lives of workers

Domestic system which was useful for small groups of people failed; people moved to cities in crowded and unsanitary conditions; disease spread

What were the economic, political and social causes for Imperialism?

Economic - raw materials; Political - nationalism, naval & military bases; Social - Christianity, westernization, white man's burden, Social Darwinism

What was decided at the Congress of Berlin?

European nations made rules and divided Africa

Explain the theory of Communism

Everything is distributed evenly by the government; in theory, all social classes are gone; economic system = equal wealth

Explain why socialism appealed to the working masses

Factors of production are publicly owned; appealed to the working class because redistributed wealth promotes the greater good

What nation would control India?

Great Britain

What was the long term effect of those advancements?

Increased quality and speed of agriculture which increased production (more food = more people)

Identify factors that made a nation strong during this (Imperialism) time

Industrialized, manufactured goods, good economy, and democracy

What is the Scramble for Africa?

It was part of the Congress of Berlin; European nations tried to take control of any part of Africa they could

Define the term laissez faire and explain how it impacted the growth of industry

Laissez faire means "hands off" with no government interference in industry

What are the three factors of production?

Land, labor, and capital

Define the enclosure movement

Large land owners closed, or fenced, their land to experiment with the land. Small farmers had to move to the cities for jobs.

Explain how new industrial inventions led to the first factories during the Industrial Revolution

Machines were too large and dangerous to be kept in homes, so business owners built factories

Define the term Social Darwinism

Natural selection/survival of the fittest; theory that promotes racism

Identify factors that made a nation weak during this time

Non-industrialized, raw materials, bad economy, monarchy/tribal

Explain the political, social, and geographical conditions led to the start of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain

Political - stable government that supported economic growth (capitalism), strong Navy; Social - agricultural revolution leads to urbanization; Geographical - abundance of natural resources (coal, iron, waterways)

Explain how the Industrial Revolution led to the growth of the middle class and working classs

Provided housing and higher wages for the citizens which increased population (could afford food)

What were some advancements in farming?

Seed drill and crop rotation

Explain the economic theories of Adam Smith, including the laws of supply and demand

Smith believed in free market, supply and demand determine how much is produced and for what price

What raw materials did India have to offer to this nation (Great Britain)?

Tea, coffee, cotton, rubber, spices, lumber; Jewel in the Crown; opium - leads to war against Great Britain and China

Define urbanization

The growth of cities and the migration of people into them

Analyze how the Industrial Revolution changed the social structure of Western nations

The middle class was created; work from sun up to sun down (low pay); women and children worked

Define Paternalism

The policy of treating native peoples in a colony as though they are "children" who need guidance

Identify the industry that was the first to mechanize, or use machines

The textile (clothing) industry

What does it mean that there was an "industrial revolution"?

There was a change in the way goods were manufactured

Why did the Boxer's in China revolt, what was their goal?

They were frustrated with foreigners getting privileges that peasants and workers didn't get. Boxers resisted foreign intervention and went into isolation.

Why do we check credibility of sources?

To make sure there is a quality of believability in a source

Who were these inventors/inventions: James Watt, James Hargreaves, Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, Alexander Graham-Bell?

Watt - "Father of the Industrial Revolution ", steam engine; Hargreaves - Spinning Jenny; Edison - light bulb; Ford - assembly line; Graham-Bell - telephone

Define the term White Man's Burden and explain what Rudyard Kipling was trying to say in his poem

White Imperialists felt it was their obligation to help third world countries industrialize; they felt the European way was the best way; they believed it was their duty to introduce the benefits of their culture to others

Explain why labor unions were created

Workers formed labor unions to collectively bargain for better pay, better working conditions, and labor laws

Explain how workers were impacted by the new factory system

Workers were forced to leave their homes; dangerous and unsanitary conditions; low pay and long hours