WRK 08 Ch.12

Question 20 of 30 0.5 Points Individuals from Western societies are more likely to evidence ____ in their causal attributions relative to individuals from non-Western societies. A. a self-serving bias B. a self-effacing bias C. stereotypes D. the illusory correlation

A. a self-serving bias

Question 28 of 30 0.5 Points In the Stanford Prison study, the "guards" routinely A. became malicious and abusive in fulfilling their responsibilities. B. became withdrawn and had to be forced to fulfill their roles. C. resisted the demands of the researchers to play a role of a malicious and abusive person. D. used physical punishment on their "prisoners".

A. became malicious and abusive in fulfilling their responsibilities.

Question 16 of 30 0.5 Points Cross-cultural studies of conformity have tended to find somewhat higher levels of conformity in A. collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures. B. individualistic cultures than in collectivistic cultures. C. industrialized cultures than in non-industrialized cultures. D. Western cultures than in Asian cultures.

A. collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures.

Question 4 of 30 0.5 Points Cognitive dissonance A. is a state of tension produced when related cognitions are inconsistent. B. is a feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasive communications. C. is a feeling of guilt produced by engaging in counterattitudinal behavior. D. occurs only when cognitions are unrelated to each other.

A. is a state of tension produced when related cognitions are inconsistent.

Question 27 of 30 0.5 Points Irving attends a debate concerning term limits for politicians. Two of the speakers argue that all politicians should be limited to two consecutive terms in office; two of the speakers argue that there should be no term limits imposed. Based on the research into factors which influence persuasion, Irving should be MOST convinced by the A. second-term politician who argued in favor of term limits. B. concerned citizen who argued against term limits. C. second-term politician who argued against term limits. D. concerned citizen who argued in favor of term limits.

A. second-term politician who argued in favor of term limits.

Question 29 of 30 0.5 Points In his Stanford Prison study Zimbardo found that A. situational factors have a powerful impact on social behavior. B. group size is an important factor in conformity. C. collectivistic cultures tend to encourage more conformity than individualistic cultures. D. subjects that are exposed to severe stress develop emotional scars.

A. situational factors have a powerful impact on social behavior.

Question 2 of 30 0.5 Points Which of the following is NOT a factor that REDUCES social loafing? A. the group is large B. the group is cohesive C. individuals believe that excellent group performance will lead to a valued outcome D. individuals believe that individual performance is crucial to group performance

A. the group is large

Question 14 of 30 0.5 Points In Milgram's (1963) study of obedience, subjects A. were ordered to deliver painful electric shocks to a stranger. B. became the recipients of painful electric shocks delivered by an experimental accomplice. C. indicated which of three lines matched a "standard line" in length. D. were ordered to give consistently wrong answers to simple questions.

A. were ordered to deliver painful electric shocks to a stranger.

Question 22 of 30 0.5 Points Milgram's original study found that approximately ____ of subjects exhibited obedience by administering all 30 levels of electric shock. A. 85% B. 65% C. 35% D. 15%

B. 65%

Question 19 of 30 0.5 Points Stereotypes involve A. a difficult to access cognitive schema. B. a highly accessible cognitive schema. C. recognition of individual differences in a group. D. none of the above

B. a highly accessible cognitive schema.

Question 17 of 30 0.5 Points The typical prison guard in the Stanford Prison Simulation A. physically abused (hit and/or kicked) the prisoners. B. behaved in an abusive and malicious manner toward the prisoners. C. acted in a professional manner and developed a cordial relationships with the prisoners. D. experienced emotional disturbances and voluntarily left the study.

B. behaved in an abusive and malicious manner toward the prisoners.

Question 1 of 30 0.5 Points Bill is a subject in an experiment designed to imitate cheering at an athletic event and is asked to make as much noise as he can by cheering and clapping. Bill will probably make the LEAST noise if A. he believes he is in a group of people all making noise at the same time. B. he is in a group of people all making noise at the same time. C. he believes he is the only person making noise. D. he is the only person making noise.

B. he is in a group of people all making noise at the same time.

Question 24 of 30 0.5 Points Asch found that group size made little difference on conformity when A. the task was easy. B. just one accomplice failed to go along with the rest of the group. C. the experimenter ridiculed the group's wrong answers. D. the task was difficult.

B. just one accomplice failed to go along with the rest of the group.

Question 13 of 30 0.5 Points Dallas watches as Rhoda missteps in the cafeteria and spills coffee on herself and two other students. If Dallas concludes that Rhoda is an uncoordinated "klutz" who wasn't paying attention to what she was doing, he has A. been influenced by an illusory correlation. B. made an internal attribution. C. made a self-serving attribution. D. made an external attribution.

B. made an internal attribution.

Question 3 of 30 0.5 Points Although physical attractiveness strongly influences interpersonal attraction, many individuals of average and below average attractiveness are involved in long-term relationships. This apparent paradox is BEST explained by the A. similarity hypothesis. B. matching hypothesis. C. companionate love hypothesis. D. least common denominator hypothesis.

B. matching hypothesis.

Question 18 of 30 0.5 Points While at the dentist, six-year-old Alex listens as his mom tells the dentist she flosses her teeth at least three times a week. Alex notices that the dentist smiled at and complimented his mom on her behavior. As a result of this brief encounter, Alex's mom will be likely to continue to floss as a result of ____ and Alex will be likely to have a favorable attitude concerning flossing as a result of ____. A. observational learning; operant conditioning B. operant conditioning; observational learning C. operant conditioning; classical conditioning D. classical conditioning; operant conditioning

B. operant conditioning; observational learning

Question 8 of 30 0.5 Points Observers tend to attribute actors' behavior to ____ factors and actors tend to attribute their own behavior to ____ factors. A. situational; personal B. personal; situational C. personal; personal D. situational; situational

B. personal; situational

Question 10 of 30 0.5 Points Julian is playing a computer trivia game against some friends. When he wins the first game he attributes his win to his quick reaction time. However, when Julian loses the second game he attributes his loss to the fact that his signaling button stopped working correctly. Julian's attributions for his performance during the trivia game are consistent with A. the fundamental attribution error. B. the illusory correlation. C. a self-serving bias. D. the matching hypothesis.

C. a self-serving bias.

Question 15 of 30 0.5 Points A group that one does not belong to or identify with is known as A. a stereotype. B. a social schema. C. an outgroup. D. an ingroup.

C. an outgroup.

Question 30 of 30 0.5 Points Derrick is trying to evaluate the claims of a company selling vitamin pills. The company claims that their pills will increase energy and wellness by 85%. What should Derrick do to evaluate the credibility of this claim? A. evaluate the credentials of the manufacturers B. evaluate the information's consistence with the conventional view C. determine how the conclusions were reached D. accept the view of the experts

C. determine how the conclusions were reached

Question 5 of 30 0.5 Points When members of a cohesive group emphasize concurrence or agreement at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision, it is referred to as A. social loafing. B. group polarization. C. groupthink. D. the bystander effect.

C. groupthink.

Question 12 of 30 0.5 Points When an individual has a tendency to attribute her success to personal factors and her failure to situational factors, the individual is demonstrating A. the fundamental attribution bias. B. the self-effacing bias. C. the self-serving bias. D. the illusory correlation.

C. the self-serving bias.

Question 25 of 30 0.5 Points A stereotype is A. an organized cluster of ideas about categories of social events and people. B. a widely held belief that people will behave in a certain way. C. an estimate as to the correlation between a social trait and its association with behavior. D. a widely held belief that people will have certain characteristics because of their membership in a specific group.

D. a widely held belief that people will have certain characteristics because of their membership in a specific group.

Question 6 of 30 0.5 Points Which of the following is NOT a strategy for evaluating credibility? A. evaluate the source's credentials B. evaluate the information's consistence with the conventional view C. determine how the conclusion was reached D. accept the view of the experts

D. accept the view of the experts

Question 7 of 30 0.5 Points Which of the following statements BEST reflects an evolutionary explanation of why we tend to be influenced by physical attractiveness in our perception of others? A. we have a tendency to identify with those we perceive as attractive. B. physically attractive individuals are also likely to be intelligent and hard working. C. being around attractive people tends to make us view ourselves more favorably. D. at one time in our history, physical attractiveness was associated with reproductive potential.

D. at one time in our history, physical attractiveness was associated with reproductive potential.

Question 9 of 30 0.5 Points According to evolutionary psychologists, we tend to view members of outgroups A. as role models. B. as superior to us. C. as potential mates. D. in terms of various negative stereotypes.

D. in terms of various negative stereotypes.

Question 11 of 30 0.5 Points Putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes is referred to as A. hedonism. B. dispositional attributional bias. C. egocentrism. D. individualism.

D. individualism.

Question 23 of 30 0.5 Points Research concerning reciprocity indicates that we tend to A. like ourselves better if others like us. B. like those who show they like us. C. see others as liking us more if we like them. D. like those who show they like us and see others as liking us more if we like them.

D. like those who show they like us and see others as liking us more if we like them.

Question 26 of 30 0.5 Points The primary explanation(s) suggested to explain the behavior of the prison guards and prisoners in the Stanford Prison Simulation was A. obedience. B. conformity and situational factors. C. group polarization. D. social roles and situational factors.

D. social roles and situational factors.

Question 21 of 30 0.5 Points Conformity occurs when people A. change their behavior as a result of receiving a persuasive argument. B. change their behavior as a result of observational learning. C. follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority. D. yield to real or imagined social pressure.

D. yield to real or imagined social pressure.