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Which of the following nerve fibers would have the highest speed of conduction? A. A fibers B. B fibers C. C fibers D. Unmyelinated fibers

A. A fibers

In the stretch reflex, the end result is: A. the muscle that was stimulated contracts B. the muscle that was stimulated relaxes C. the antagonistic muscle contracts D. the muscle that was stimulated stretches

A. the muscle that was stimulated contracts

To communicate over short and long distance neurons use the: A. Graded Potentials B. Action Potentials C. Membrane Potentials D. Active Transport

B. Action Potentials

What is the collective term for the connective tissue coverings that surround the spinal cord and the brain? A. Dura Mater B. Meninges C. Epineurium D. Denticulates

B. Meninges

The contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of it's antagonistic muscle is called; A. Polysnaptic Innervation B. Reciprocal Innervation C. Autogenic Innervation D. Ipsilateral Innvervation

B. Reciprocal Innervation

The following is a description of which type of neural circuit? A presynaptic neuron stimulates a single postsynaptic neuron. A. Converging B. Simple Series C. Diverging D. Parallel

B. Simple Series

At the neuromuscular junction, a nerve impulse is converted into a/an: A. mechanical signal B. chemical signal C. graded potential

B. chemical signal

Sensory and motor tracts are found in the _____ of the spinal cord. A. Spinal Nerves B. Grey Matter C. White Matter

C. White Matter

The resting membrane potential in neurons is:__________millivolts A. 70 mv B. 90 mv C. -55 mv D. -70 mv

D. -70 mv

Which group of nerves supplies the buttocks, perineum, and lower limbs? A. Cervical Plexus B. Thoracic Plexus C. Lumbar Plexus D. Sacral Plexus

D. Sacral Plexus

Once a(n) ________ potential is generated, the amplitude is always the same and does not depend on stimulus intensity. A. Action B. Graded C. Continuous D. Saltatory

A. Action

Which neurons carry information to the brain? A. Afferent B. Efferent C. Motor D. Association

A. Afferent

What collection of spinal nerves connects the sensory and motor nerves to the upper limbs? A. Brachial Plexus B. Cervical Plexus C. Lumbar Plexus D. Thoracic Plexus

A. Brachial Plexus

Which of the labeled structures is the dura & arachnoid mater? A. D B. B C. C D. G E. H

A. D

An area of skin that provides sensory input via the spinal nerves is called: A. Dermatome B. Myotome C. Primary Sensory Area D. Secondary Sensory Area

A. Dermatome

Channels that open in response to a specific chemical stimulus are: A. Ligand Gated Channels B. Leakage Channels C. Voltage Gated Channels D. Mechanically Gated Channels

A. Ligand Gated Channels

Depression is linked to an imbalance of ____________ like serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. A. Neurotransmitters B. Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials C. Hormones D. Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials

A. Neurotransmitters

Chromatolysis and Wallerian Degeneration occur as part of the repair process for nerves in the _________. A. PNS B. CNS

A. PNS

Which of the following structures of the spinal nerves contains the sensory axons? A. posterior root B. anterior root C. both A&B

A. posterior root

What is the arrangement of white and gray matter in the spinal cord? A. the white matter surrounds grey matter B. the grey forms a covering around the white matter C. grey matter surrounds white matter

A. the white matter surrounds grey matter

Which is not a process used to remove the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft? A. Enzymatic Degradation B. Active Transport C. Diffusion D. Uptake by cells

B. Active Transport

Which subdivision of the Peripheral Nervous System is involuntary? A. Central Nervous System B. Autonomic Nervous System C. Somatic Nervous System

B. Autonomic Nervous System

A reflex that causes contraction of muscles that extend joints in a limb opposite the painful stimulus is called: A. Flexor Reflex B. Crossed Extensor Reflex C. Stretch Reflex

B. Crossed Extensor Reflex

Which neurons carry information out of the brain? A. Afferent B. Efferent C. Sensory D. Integrative

B. Efferent

What principle function of the nervous system analyzes information, stores some aspects, and makes decisions about appropriate behavior? A. Motor B. Integrative C. Cranial D. Transmisison

B. Integrative

Which group of nerves supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, the external genitals, and part of the lower limb? A. Sacral Plexus B. Lumbar Plexus C. Thoracic Plexus D. Cervical Plexus

B. Lumbar Plexus

An autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheaths in multiple regions causing the myelin sheaths to deteriorate to scleroses or hardened scars. A. Neuroblastoma B. Mutiple Sclerosis C. Guillain-Barre Syndrome D. Epilepsy

B. Mutiple Sclerosis

Chemical substances that neurons use to communicate with other neurons are called: A. Hormones B. Neurotransmitters C. Effectors D. Receptors

B. Neurotransmitters

A patient has suffered a spinal cord injury at the C6 level. Will this patient need to be on a ventilator to breathe for them? A. Yes B. No

B. No

Damage to the sensory or motor nerves to the muscle or to the integrating centers in the lumbar segments of the spinal cord in diabetes patients can be indicated by the absence of a knee jerk when testing this reflex: A. Achilles Reflex B. Patellar Reflex C. Abdominal Reflex D. Babinski's Sign Reflex

B. Patellar Reflex

A sensory neuron that has one process that extends from the cell body: A. Multipolar B. Unipolar C. Bipolar D. Dendritic

B. Unipolar

The membrane potential temporarily becomes more negative than the resting level during the _________ phase. A. Depolarizing Phase B. Absolute Refractory Period C. After Hyperpolarizing Phase D. Repolarizing Phase

C. After Hyperpolarizing Phase

The movement of materials in both directions on microtubules in axons referes to: A. Continuous Propagation B. Slow Axonal Transport C. Fast Axonal Transport D. Saltatory Propagation

C. Fast Axonal Transport

A withdrawal of a part of the body in response to a painful stimulus is called a: A. Pain Reflex B. Crossed Extensor Reflex C. Flexor Reflex D. Patellar Reflex

C. Flexor Reflex

Which neurotransmitter receptor is a type of ligand-gated channel which contains a binding site and an ion channel? A. Excitatory Receptors B. Metabotropic Receptors C. Ionotropic Receptors D. Inhibitory Receptors

C. Ionotropic Receptors

When the motor nerve impulse goes out the same side as the sensory neuron came in it is called: A. Monosynaptic Reflex B. Contralateral Reflex C. Ipsilateral Reflex D. Reciprocal Innervation

C. Ipsilateral Reflex

Neuroglial cells in the brain that form a myelin sheath around several adjacent axons are: A. Satellite Cells B. Schwann Cells C. Oligodendrocytes D. Microglial Cells

C. Oligodendrocytes

Which nervous system division contains spinal nerves, ganglia, and peripheral nerves? A. ENS B. CNS C. PNS D. ANS

C. PNS

Graded potentials vary in amplitude depending on the strength of the ________. A. neurotransmitter B. type of chemically-gated channel on postsynaptic neuron C. Stimulus D. Both A&B

C. Stimulus

The resting membrane potential is maintained primarily by two factors: A. the Ca++/K+ pump and the leakage of Na+ into the cell B. the Na+/K+ pump and the leakage of Na+ out of the cell C. the Na+/K+ pump and the leakage of K+ out of the cell D. the Ca++/K+ pump and the leakage of K+ into the c

C. the Na+/K+ pump and the leakage of K+ out of the cell

The spinal cord extends from the medulla oblongata to the: A. coccyx B. sacrum C. 2nd sacral vertebra D. 2nd lumbar vertebra

D. 2nd lumbar vertebra

The period of time during which the neuron cannot generate another action potential, even with a very strong stimulus is called the: A. After Hyperpolarizing Phase B. Depolarizing Phase C. Relative Refractory Period D. Absolute Refractory Period

D. Absolute Refractory Period

Which is a synapse that transmits a nerve impulse from an axon to a cell body: A. Axocellic B. Axodendritic C. Axoaxonic D. Axosomatic

D. Axosomatic

Unmyelinated axons transmit action potentials through _______ conduction while myelinated axons use _____ conduction. A. Action, Graded B. Graded, Action C. Saltatory, Continuous D. Continuous, Saltatory

D. Continuous, Saltatory

The spinal cord ends by tapering to a conical portion called the: A. Cauda Equina B. Filum Terminale C. Coccyx D. Conus Medullaris

D. Conus Medullaris

In this diagram which portion of the spinal cord contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as outgoing axons of motor neurons? A. B B. C C. D D. H E. I

D. H

What is the correct order of the connective tissue layers that protect the spinal cord from the outermost layer to the innermost layer? A. perineurium, epineurium, endoneurium B. epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium C. arachnoid, dura, pia mater D. dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

D. dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

White matter primarily consists of ______ of many neurons. Grey matter consists of ______. A. neuron cell bodies, unmyelinated axons B. unmyelinated axons, neuron cell bodies C. neuron cell bodies; myelinated axons D. myelinated axons; neuron cell bodies

D. myelinated axons; neuron cell bodies

In this diagram which is the lumbar enlargement? A. E B. F C. G D. H E. D

E. D