10 Implementing Response Objectives

1 Atmosphere

760 mm/hg

Permeation Chart

A Manufacturers table containing time of permeation of certain challenge chemicals. Should be consulted prior to picking PPE to be worn.

Combustible Liquid

A liquid that has a Flash Point at or above 100 degrees

Diking

Confinement constructed on land Contain hazardous material

Potassium iodide (KI)paper turns what color

Dark blue

What has to be in place prior to entry

Decontamination At a minimum Emergency Decon

3 Types of Liquid Transfers

Gravity Flow Pump Transfer Pressure Transfer

Common Emergency responder calibration gas for PID

Isobutylene

Concentration

Percentage of an acid or base dissolved in water

Skin absorption

This route of exposure can be enhanced due to abrasions, cuts, heat, and moisture; and the rate of this exposure varies depending on the body parts exposed.

Coliwasa Tube

Tube used to sample contents from drums and barrels.

1,300 Rule PPM above spill

Vapor pressure x 1,300 = ppm above the spill

Vapor Density

Weight of a vapor in comparison to air. Air=29

Standard of care

(1) Our operations must be legal and within the requirements of the law. (2)Our actions and decisions must be consistent with voluntary consensus standards and recommended practices. (3) Our actions and decisions to control a problem should have a technical foundation. (4) Our actions and decisions must be ethical. Are statements that describe the ___________________.

Immediate Isolation for Flammable and or Toxic Releases

1,000 ft Immediate Isolation Zone

1% of the Atmosphere

10,000 ppm

Explosive ERG's

112, 113, and 114

Corrosive Gases ERG's

118, 123, 124, and 125

Radioactive ERGS's

161-166

Vapor Pressure Water 68 degrees

17.5 mm/hg

Molecular Weight of Air

29

Overpack Drum

A 85 Gallon drum designed to contain a 55 gallon drum. The top unscrews to allow the 55 gallon drum to be placed inside.

3 Types of Standardized Chlorine leak control kits

A Kit: Chlorine cylinders B Kit: Chlorine 1-ton cylinders C Kit: Tank cars, trucks and barges

Flammable Liquid

A Liquid that has a flash point below 100 degrees

Systemic

A _______________ effect occurs when a chemical enters the bloodstream and attacks target organs.

Oxidizer

A chemical other than a blasting agent or an explosive, that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials.

Flaring

A controlled process of burning off product from a pressurized vessel in order to render it safe. (Commonly used for propane tanks in the field)

Moderate or High

A hazards analysis should be conducted for every location designated as having a/an ___________________ probability for a hazmat incident.

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

A hydrocarbon with a halogen atom (chlorine, fluorine, bromine, etc) substituted for ta hydrogen atom. (These chemicals are usually more toxic)

Mutagen

A material that creates a change in gene structure, which is potentially capable of being transmitted to offspring.

Teratogen

A material that effects the offspring when the embryo or fetus is exposed to that material.

Solution

A mixture in which all ingredients are completely dissolved.

Acute Exposure

A responder has been exposed to a single dose of a material during an emergency response, this is an example of _________________.

Combined Sewer Systems

A sewer that carries domestic wastewater as well as storm water and industrial wastewater. Common in older cities.

Inhibitor

A substance added to monomers to prevent/control their reaction. If inhibitor escapes or is not added the potential for polymerization can occur

Hygroscopic

A substance that can absorb moisture from the air Examples Sodium chloride Sodium cyanide

Bung

A thread plug used to close a barrel or drum bung hole

Offensive Mode

Aggressive leak, spill and fire control tactics designed to quickly control or mitigate the emergency

Hazardous Material

Any Substance or material in any form or quantity that poses an unreasonable risk to safety, health, and property when transported in commerce is a _______________ _______________.

Firefighting Foam Types

Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) Alcohol Resistant AFFF (AR-AFFF) Fluoroprotein Foam

Ionic Bonding

Atoms held together by electrostatic charges, like magnets

Covalent Bonding

Atoms held together by sharing electrons

BLEVE

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion A catastrophic container failure due to flame impingment

Endothermic Reaction

Chemical reaction that absorbs heat (Like an Ice Pack)

Exothermic Reaction

Chemical reaction that releases heat (Majority of reactions)

Damming

Confinement constructed in waterway Contain hazardous material via 2 methods Overflow Dam or Underflow dam Depends on specific gravity of material

Railroad Car Mechanical Stress and Damage

Crack: Narrow split or break in the container metal Score: Indentation in shell by blunt object Gouge: Indentation in shell by a sharp object Wheel Burn: Score caused by a turning wheel Dent: Deformation of the tanker head or shell Rail Burn: Dent and gouge caused by rail

Hazardous Material DOT

DOT definition for substances transported on the road that can pose an unreasonable risk to the public if released. (Ludwig Benner's definition)

GHMBMO General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model

Developed by Ludwig Benner Predicts behavior of containers and contents Foundation of Hazmat risk-based response

Hazardous Waste EPA

Discarded materials regulated by the EPA because of public health and safety concerns.

Five Individuals

For most emergency service applications, a span of control of _______________ is recommended based on the tasks to be performed and the associated danger or difficulty, and the level of delegated authority.

Branch

Hazmat response teams typically function as a _______________ within the Incident Command System.

24 hours

How many hours of initial training at the operations level does the Occupational Safety and Health Administration require for the hazmat technician?

Uphill and Downwind

How to intitially approach and set up an incident

Subsidiary Hazard Class

Indicates a hazard of a material other than the primary hazard assigned.

ICS Command Staff

Individuals appointed by and directly reporting to the Incident Commander. These include the Safety Officer, the Liaison Officer (LNO) and the Public Information Officer (PIO).

Technical Specialists

Individuals who provide specific expertise to the IC and emergency responders either in person, by telephone, or through other means are _______________.

Persistence

Length of time a chemical agent remains a liquid.

Defensive Mode

Less aggressive spill and fire control tactics where certain areas may be conceded to the emergency in order to reduce the spread of the event.

Pyrophoric

Materials that spontaneously ignite in air without an ignition source

2 Most common calibration gases for LEL sensors

Methane Pentane

Bonding

Method of connecting different objects together via a conductor in order to dissipate/prevent static electricity from becoming an ignition source

Flash Point

Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors that will ignite and flash over, but will not continue to burn.

Ignition Temperature Autoignition

Minimum temperature required to ignite gas or vapor without a spark or flame being present. Examples Paper 451 degrees

Fire Point

Minmum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors that will ignite and sustain combustion.

1991

NFPA _____ is the protective clothing and equipment standard that covers vapor-protective ensembles for hazardous materials emergencies.

Decontamination Considerations Public and Responders

One Decon Line for the Public Another Decon Line for the responders

Responsible Party

Organization or persons legally responsible under government environmental laws for the clean-up of a hazmat release.

Types of LNG release fires

Pool Fire (product accumulated on the ground) Jet Fire (compressed gas leak fire) Vapor Cloud Fire (In air combustion)

Slurry

Pourable mixture of a solid and liquid

PAPR

Powered air purifying respirator

Inhalation

Routes of exposure are a prime way for hazardous materials to enter the body and cause harm. The route that is most common and dangerous is _______________.

ICS General Staff

Section Chiefs are a part of this section of the ICS and are responsible for the broad response functions of operations, planning, logistics, and finance/administration.

Foam Concentrate Requirements

Size of fire Type of fuel Application rate Amount of foam on hand Capability to apply amount of foam needed

This Step involves executing strategic goals and tactical objectives on a Hazardous Material Incident

Step 6: Implement Response Objectives

Organic Peroxide

Strong Oxidizer Often chemically unstable containing the -O-O- chemical structure. May react explosively to temperature and pressure changes.

Correction Factors

Table published by manufacturer that provides a multiplier for gas being sampled in order for responder to know how much gas they are really reading.

Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature SADT

Temperature in which an Organic Peroxide or synthetic compound will react and decompose into an explosion or rapid oxidation

establishing and managing the overall incident management plan

The Incident Commander is responsible for __________________________________________________________ as a key player of the incident.

Incident Commander

The _______________ is responsible for considering the circumstances and making adequate provisions for rest / rehabilitation of personnel.

Sublimation

The ability of a substance to change form a solid to a vapor without going through the liquid stage. (Mothballs, Dryice)

Strength

The degree to which a corrosive ionizes in water. Hydrogen ions = Acids Hydroxide Ions = Bases

Ionizing Potential

The energy necessary to remove an electron from the neutral atom. Most Common Bulb 10.6 ev

Planning and Preparedness

The first of four key elements in a hazardous materials management system approach is ________________ _____ _______________.

Emergency phase of the incident

The importance of NFPA 472 applies to all people who will respond to the _____________ _________ __ ___ ________.

Maximum Safe Storage Temperature MSST

The maximum storage temperature that an organic peroxide may be maintained, above which a reaction and explosion may occur.

Polymerization

The reaction that occurs when monomers become polymers intentionally and or unintentinally. Unintentional reactions can become runaway chain reactions.

Half-Life

The time it takes for the activity of a radioactive material to decrease to one half its initial value through radioactive decay.

Overgloving

The wearing of a second glove over the work glove for additional chemical and or abrasion protection

TOFC

Trailer on Flat Car Over the road cargo trucks that are placed on flatbed railroad cars for transport.

Hypergolic

Two chemical substances that spontaneously ignite upon mixing.

Site Safety Plan

Under OSHA 1910.120, paragraph b, components of a _______________ should include a site map or sketch, hazard and risk analysis of the identified hazardous materials, site monitoring, establishment of hazard control zones, site safety practices and procedures, communications, implementation of an incident management organization, and the location of the incident command post, decontamination practices, EMS support, and other relevant topics.

Safety Data Sheet

Under the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, the material safety data sheet term is changing to _____________.

Sensor Cross Sensitivity

When a sensor reads a substance other than what it is made for. Example Acetylene read on the CO sensor 1:1

Type 5

Within the National Incident Management System incident typing system, the overwhelming majority of hazardous materials incidents handled at the local level are _______________.

Fluorine paper turns what color

Yellow

Gamma

_______________ is the most dangerous form of common radiation because of the speed at which it moves, its ability to pass through human tissue, and the great distances it can travel.

Hand Signals

_______________ should be developed for situations where excessive noise levels make verbal or radio communications impossible.

Heat Stroke

_________________ is a heat-related condition that is indicated by high body temperature; rapid pulse; hot, dry, or moist skin; headache; confusion; unconsciousness; and convulsions.

Lethal Concentration

______________________ is the measurement of toxicity where the concentration of an inhaled substance results in death among 50% of the test populace.