(10/24) INDIA AFTER NEHRU
ECONOMIC REFORMS OF 1990-1991: End of
"license raj"
THE EMERGENCY: Sanjay (her son) carries out most unpopular & controversial measures
-forced sterilizations -forced clearance and removal of slums
THE EMERGENCY: Gandhi suspends democracy and declares period Emergency Law from 1975-1977
-suspends civil liberties -not allowed to protest -many political opponents thrown in jail
INDIRA GANDHI: She will be prime minister from
1966-1977 & 1980-1984
INCREASINGLY REGIONALISM: Faces threat from the left
Communists
END OF EMERGENCY & END OF CONGRESS RULE: The opposition parties unite against her &
Congress Party loses power for 1st time since 1947
DEATH OF INDIRA GANDHI: Bodyguards were upset about storming of the
Golden Temple by Indian Army
GREEN REVOLUTION: Famine had always been a big concern &
Green Revolution removes this worry
INCREASINGLY REGIONALISM: Faces threat from the right
Hindu nationlist
ECONOMIC REFORMS OF 1990-1991: Devaluing of
Indian currency
GOLDEN TEMPLE: Temple stormed was ordered by
Indira Gandhi
CONFLICT PAKISTAN: U.S. President upset about conflict w/ Pakistan
Nixon
DEATH OF INDIRA GANDHI: Indira Gandhi assassinated by
Sikh bodyguards in 1984
GOLDEN TEMPLE: Golden Temple, holiest place in Sikhism
Sikh leaders agitate for independence & eventually take refuge
CONFLICT PAKISTAN: Increasing unrest in East Pakistan that
West Pakistan tries to put down
1964-1966: Congress party elders name
another respected figure prime minister after Nterm-0ehru death
RETURN OF INDIRA GANDHI: Gandhi comes back 3 years later &
becomes prime minister again
INDIRA GANDHI: Nehru had in many ways
been absent (in jail) for most her life
CONCLUSIONS: Growth of opposition parties based on
caste, province or Hindu nationalism
CONCLUSIONS: Conflict between
central government & local autonomy
RAJIV GANDHI: Like his mother he is assassinated due to
central, provincial & religious tensions
RAJIV GANDHI: Trained as a
commercial pilot
LEGACY OF INDIRA GANDHI: Rising period of populism &
increasing demand for provincial autonomy
CONFLICT PAKISTAN: India intervenes in favor of East Pakistan &
independent Bangladesh is created
PUNJAB/SIKH INDEPENDENCE: Sikhs had wanted an
independent state during partition
CONCLUSIONS: Congress Party becomes the
personal fiefdom of the Nehru family
INCREASINGLY REGIONALISM: Congress no longer has the monopoly on
political & influnence
CONFLICT PAKISTAN: West Pakistan dominates East Pakistan
politically, economically, culturally
PUNJAB/SIKH INDEPENDENCE: Punjab is the home of the majority of
practitioners of the Sikh religion
RAJIV GANDHI: Follows his mother & becomes
prime minister from 1984-1989
ECONOMIC REFORMS OF 1990-1991: Easing of
regulations
INCREASINGLY REGIONALISM: Rise of new regional political parties &
surging dissent across the country
ECONOMIC REFORMS OF 1990-1991: Reduction of
taxation
INDIRA GANDHI VS. CONGRESS OLD GUARD: Congress party increasingly becomes associated w/
the Nehru family itself
GREEN REVOLUTION: Effects of Green Revolution
unevenly spread
INDIRA GANDHI: Chosen by high-ranking party officials as a
unifying figure after quick death of 2 prime minister
GREEN REVOLUTION: Enhances political consciousness of middle class in
wheat growing areas
