14 differential reinforcement live action
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment:
When Lucy pulls her friend Felicia's hair, Felicia yells "Boo!" loudly. Lucy no longer tries to pull Felicia's hair.
When do you use CRF Schedule?
When teaching a new skill
Select the best description of DRL
When there is an appropriate behavior that is occurring too often and affecting the individual's day-to-day life, a criterion is set based on the baseline of the behavior and the reinforcer is provided when the rate of the behaviors under the criterion.
True or False: In order to say a stimulus is reinforcing a behavior, the behavior will decrease over time.
false
True or false: When using DRO you usually reinforce dead man behavior, because the O stands for other than behavior.
false
Which of the following is true?
A stimulus is only a punisher if it reduces the future frequency of the behavior that precedes it.
o reduce challenging behaviors To increase pro-social behaviors
Adding a stimulus to the environment.
For which of the following behaviors would you use DRL?
Asking questions excessively
Soothing someone who is crying is an example of:
Attention, social positive reinforcement.
Tommy has a stomachache, in the past softly tapping on his stomach with an open palm has helped him burp and feel better. What can we hypothesize is maintaining his behavior of tapping on his stomach?
Automatic negative, the behavior is maintained by the termination of the stomachache.
When Laura comes home, she drops her sweater on the floor. Her mom sees this and has Laura pick up everything that is out of place in the room (including the sweater). Next time Laura comes home, when she enters her room she hangs her sweater in the closet. Why is this an example of over correct
Because she was required to pick everything off the floor which requires more effort and in the future the behavior of throwing a sweater on the floor decreased.
When Laura comes home, she drops her sweater on the floor. Her mom sees this and has Laura pick up everything that is out of place in the room (including the sweater). Next time Laura comes home, when she enters her room she hangs her sweater in the closet. Why is this an example of over correction?
Because she was required to pick everything off the floor which requires more effort and in the future the behavior of throwing a sweater on the floor decreased.
Punishment is defined as _______ presentation or removal of stimuli _______ a response that _________ the future frequency of that response
Contingent, after, decrease
Reinforcer can be defined as: _________ presentation or removal of a stimulus _______ a response that ________ the future frequency of that response.
Contingent, after, increases
Extinction is defined as: Breaking the ____________ relationship between the response and the ____________.The ________________ that usually follows a behavior is no longer provided ____________the behavior.
Contingent, consequence, consequence, after
Positive reinforcement is the presentation of a stimulus ________ on a response that ________ the frequency of that response in the future.
Contingent, increases
What does CRF mean?
Continuous reinforcement
Select the best example for Automatic Negative Reinforcement maintained behavior.
Cutting finger nails to reduce length that is bothersome
What does DRH stand for?
Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Behavior
For which of the following behaviors would you use DRH?
Eating Fruits
Which two procedures make up Differential Reinforcement?
Extinction and Reinforcement
Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Behavior: When you want to ________ a behavior already in a client's ________ you use DRH. You would reinforce rates of behavior ________a set criterion.
Increase, repertoire, above
What reinforcement schedule maintains behavior?
Intermittent
Which of the following is the best example of DRL?
Jenna asks too many questions during class, the teacher can't finish answering a question and Jenna is already asking another one. Now, the teacher answers the first 3 questions, but doesn't respond to any questions after that. Over time, the rate of asking questions decreases to an acceptable level.
Which of the following is an example of a socially mediated consequence?
Jenny needs a napkin, she asks her mom for one and the mom gives it to her.
Choose the best example of overcorrection:
Jill overflowed the tub when taking a bath, her mother had her dry the spilt water, clean the sink, and asked her not to do that again. Jill never let the water overflow again.
Choose the best example of reinforcement:
Laura is learning to tie her shoes, when she ties them independently her mom gives her praise and a high five, over time Laura ties her shoes correctly and independently more and more
Choose the best example of response cost
Laura leaves her seat while the teacher is explaining a lesson. The teacher takes away 1 token she has earned every time she gets out of her seat. Laura's getting out of seat behavior decreases over time. Tommy picks a fight with his sister so his mom takes 30 min of video game time away. In the future, Tommy picks fewer fights with his sister
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Laura loves cookies, in the past mom has given her a cookie after she bumped her leg against a table to cheer her up. Now, when she wants a cookie Laura bumps into the table.
Timmy will kick his mom whenever he needs her to move, he is a small child and doesn't have enough strength to hurt the mom. Mom always quickly moves aside while reprimanding Timmy and reminding him it isn't nice to kick people. Select the best description of putting Timmy's "kicking" behavior on extinction:
Mom doesn't move from where she is until Timmy stops kicking her she will only move when Timmy asks her to move. With time kicking behavior decreases to 0 rate
Lexie buys sugar cookies every week. The grocery store has been out of Lexie's favorite cookies for the last few weeks. Is Lexie more or less likely to engage in a behavior that results in gaining access to those cookies?
More likely, she has been deprived of cookies and now those cookies have an increased value.
What type of consequence is planned ignoring?
Negative Punishment
What type of procedure is response cost?
Negative Punishment
every time aiden has a headache he takes aspirin. soon after, his headache dissipiates and completely goes away. the following example best depicts:
Negative reinforcement in the form of escape
s the following an example of reinforcement? A client washed his hands independently for the first time. You immediately provided praise along with a cookie. The next several sessions, the client no longer washes his hands independently
No, this is not positive reinforcement. Although the behavior resulted in the delivery of an appetitive stimulus, the future frequency did not increase.
Timmy is incredibly bored during dinner and doesn't want to eat his peas. He begins to flick the peas at his sister. When his mom saw him, she sent him to his room and told him he is not allowed to come out until the family is finished with dinner. Is this a good example of time out?
Not enough information provided. We don't know what happened to the future frequency of the behavior (throwing peas).
Choose the FALSE statement regarding overcorrection.
Overcorrection is a type of positive punishment because you aren't hurting the individual. Comments: The words "positive" and "negative" in behavioral terms have nothing to do with the perception of good or bad, instead it has to do with adding or removing a stimulus from the environment contingent on a behavior. With this in mind, Overcorrection is a type of positive punishment, and as such decreases future frequency of the behavior.
Whenever Mary's cats get near her plants she sprays them with water. Over time the cats do not get close to the plants. What type of procedure is Mary using?
Positive Punishment
Mila yells and claps during her math class. After doing so, the teacher immediately says "Mila, Stop yelling! You are disrupting the class and misbehaving." The next few days, Mila's screaming increases substantially. The teacher's scolding most likely serves as _________
Positive reinforcement
Positive Punishment: Contingent __________of an __________ ________ after a response that_________ the future frequency of the response.
Presentation, aversive stimulus, decreases
Response cost is defined as: Contingent on the target behavior, a defined amount of ___________ is lost, resulting in a(n) ____________ in the frequency of the behavior in the future.
Reinforcement, decrease.
Negative Reinforcement is defined as contingent ________ of a stimulus after a response that _________ the future frequency of that response.
Removal, Increases
Choose the best example of Social Negative Reinforcement.
Roger's and Johnny's behaviors are both maintained by Social Negative Reinforcement.
Olivia's favorite activity is to draw on the whiteboard. Olivia spends 2 hours right before session playing on the whiteboard. When Olivia's RBT arrives at the house and asks Olivia if she would like to earn tokens in order to gain access to her whiteboard, Olivia says "no thanks". This example best depicts:
Satiation, Olivia had access to the whiteboard right before the session.
Tommy is in his room playing alone; he then grabs a toy and slams it against the wall making a loud noise. His mom comes into the room and reprimands him. In the future when he is alone he slams things that make loud noises more often. What is this example of?
Social Positive, mom is providing attention and this served as a reinforcer.
Dana is doing homework with her son. When he gets stuck on a difficult problem she solves it for him so that he doesn't cry. If we are focusing on Dana's behavior what type of function does her behavior have?
Social negative reinforcement, she avoids Tommy's crying.
Planned ignoring can be defined as removing a __________ reinforcer, such as attention, physical contact, or verbal interaction for a brief period of time ________ on the presence of the target behavior.
Social, contingent
Which of the following behaviors does not pass the dead man's test?
Staying quiet
Choose an appropriate alternative behavior to yelling for attention
Tapping your mom's leg so she looks towards you.
Select the true statement about time out:
Time out is a type of negative punishment.
Choose the best example of negative reinforcement:
Timmy can't stand to hear his sister cry, when he gives her his cookies, she immediately stops. Now, every time she cries he gives her his cookies.
Choose the best example of punishment:
Timmy is playing with a hairpin while his mom brushes his hair. He puts the pin into the light socket and gets a shock. In the future, he doesn't touch the hairpins or the light socket.
Choose the best example of time out
Timmy is playing with his friend during recess, but pushes one of them off the seat he wanted. His teacher takes him away from his friends and he must sit next to her for 5 min before returning to play. His pushing behavior decreases over tim
Select the best example of DRA:
Tommy picks his nose. Whenever he tries to pick his nose, his RBT blocks him. Whenever he uses a tissue he receives praise.
Tracy has a client who loves bubbles. Tracy decides to only bring the bubbles to session once a week. If bubbles effectively serve as a reinforcer, why wouldn't Tracy bring the bubbles to sessions every day?
Tracy wants to make sure that her client does not become satiated, thus reducing the effectiveness of bubbles as a reinforcer.
Select the correct example for planned ignoring:
Whenever Laura says, "What's up doc, is it rabbit season?" Her therapist turns away from her for 1 min. She then turns back and returns to the previous conversation. With time Laura stops saying "What's up doc, is it rabbit season?" when conversing with her therapist.
Which of the following exemplifies escape/avoidance as function of behavior?
Whenever the RBT asks Johnny to work on math he swipes the work off the table. He then gets sent to his room. The swiping behavior continues in the future.
hen placing a behavior on extinction you should:
Withhold the reinforcer that usually follows the behavior, so the contingent relationship will break and the behavior will decrease.
Timmy picks his lips, causing it to bleed. RBT sets a timer for 2 min. If he picks his lips, the timer is restarted. If there are 0 instances of the behavior for 2 min, token and praise are delivered. She praises any other behavior Timmy is engaging in. "Wow Timmy, I like your handwriting"; "Great smile"; "Nice writing"; etc. Next session they work on 3 min, then 5, until eventually Timmy goes through the whole session without picking. Is this an example of DRO?
Yes, because she is reinforcing any behavior other than the target behavior and the rate of the target behavior decreases.
What does CRF mean
continuous reinforcement
Your phone is running out of battery and you ask your friend to lend you a charger. She then quickly provides you with the charger. In the future, when your phone is dying, you continue to ask your friend for the charger. This example best represents:
positive reinforcement
True or False: In order to assume a behavior is maintained by automatic reinforcement you must first rule out social reinforcers.
true
