14.2 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

what are steps of translation? In cytoplasm

1-mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosom 2-the start codon, AUG begins the translation process 3-tRNA carries its specific amino acid to the ribosome and its anticodon base pairs with the mRNA codon 4-The first tRNA relaeses its amino acid to the amino acid of the next tRNA and exits 5-Ribosome binds the amino acids together by peptide bonds 6-tRNA continue moving down mRNA and transferring amino acids until it reaches a stop codon

Why do codons have 3 letter long?

Because codons are only 2 letters, then the total possible codon combination would be 4x4=16 too little for 20 amino acids so if they have 4x4x4=64 codons for 20 amino acids so most amino acids are represented by more than one codon.

explain why methionine is always the first amino acid in every protein.

Because the first tRNA to bind to the peptidyl binding site (P site) in the initiation complex is always the initiator tRNA, tRNAfMET. tRNAfMET binds to the start codon of mRNA, AUG. The first amino acid of the protein is thus methionine.

what are codon for leucine?

CUU

What is ribosomes and what are they consists?

Ribosomes consist of two subunits: 1)The large subunit has 3 binding site for tRNA 2) the small subunit binds to mRNA

start codon/stop codon?

Start: AUG (Methionine (Met) Stop: UAA, UAG, UGA

What is Codon?

a sequence of 3 nucleotides that codes for an amino aci

What is tRNA and function?

transfer amino acid from cytoplasm to ribosome 1) tRNA contains anticodom (A-U, G-C) 2-an anticodon is a set of 3 nucleotides that base-pair with an mRNA codon at ribosome 3-each tRNA carries only one kind of amino acid.

what is translation means?How do it works?

translation means converting an messeger (MRNA) into a Polypetide or protein 1-translation converts DNA code on MRNA into proteins at the ribosomes, and each protein is made up of amino acids. There are 20 essential amino acids that need to be synthesized.

What is gene expression?

when gene (segment) of DNA code is used to build a protein, scientists say that gene has been expressed.

what is determined the genetic code?

which codon represents which amino acid

did some amino acid code more than one codon

yes.