Network+ Part 3
What does APIPA stand for?
Automatic Private IP Addressing
what is the predecessor of DHCP called?
BOOTP
what are the improvements with IPv6?
Broadcast does not exist -unicast and multicast (improved) We have a new cast called Anycast to update routing table faster the address structure is better - the default mask is /64 (first 64 bits) - the last 64 bits are for Host bits better security
What is a Unique-local address?
does not have access to the internet starts with FC00::/7 similar to Private IP addresses
What is a link local address?
every host will have this it is automatically generated does not have access to the internet always starts with FE80::/64
where can i get the usable host IP addresses on a Network?
find the broadcast address and subtract 1 and that will be it
When is the IPv6 launch date?
June 6 , 2012
What two address is needed to get on the internet with a IPv6 address?
Link-Local and a Global
In a home network where is the DHCP server?
the Router built in and enabled by default
How many DHCP servers should a broadcast domain (Network)?
1
In a IPv6 address how can we abbreviate it?
1) all leading zero's can be dropped 2) all groups of 4 zero's can be represented with one zero 3)multiple groups of 4 zero's can be replaced with "::"
What is the octet range for class A?
1-126
What is the range for the octet set in an IP address if a user wants to ping themselves?
127
What is the octet range for class B?
128-191
What is the range that is used with self-assigned IP address with APIPA?
169.254.0.0/16
What is the octet range for class C?
192-223
If the Network ID is 172.16.45.0/25 what are the usable host IP addresses?
192.168.1.1->126
If the Network ID is 172.16.45.0/25 what are the broadcast address?
192.168.1.127
How is IPv6 represented with?
32 hex digits 8 groups of 4 hex digits
If the IP address is 192.168.40.55/21 and the Mask is 255.255.248.0 what is the Network ID?
192.168.40.0/21 255.255.248.0
If the IP address is 192.168.45.55/26 and the Mask is 255.255.255.192 what is the Broadcast address?
192.168.45.63
when was IPv6 created?
1998
When was the IPv4 officially exhausted?
2011
What is the octet range for class D?
224-239
What is the octet range for class E?
240-254
How many usable IP address will a Network have with a /24 CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)? Mask will be 255.255.255.0
254
What is the default Mask for Class A?
255.0.0.0
What is the default Mask for Class B?
255.255.0.0
What is the default Mask for Class C?
255.255.255.0
how many IP address does the IPv6 provide?
2^128 (Alot)
An IP address is made of how many octet's?
4
what is a octet?
8 binary digits
What are all the IP classes?
A B C D E
What does a DNS server do?
Convert domain names into IP addresses
What is needed when using Dynamic IP address assigning?
DHCP server
What is the default Mask for Class E?
For Experimental
What is the default Mask for Class D?
For Multicasting
What is the name of the zero's after the one on the Subnet Mask (on a /21 the 11 zero's after the one's)?
Host bit's
What values are needed when setting a IP address to a host?
IP address Subnet mask default host (local router) DNS server
What are the pro's and con's of doing Dynamic host configuration?
It assigns IP address automaticly and does it really fast DHCP server keeps track of the IP address assigned
does the self-assigned APIPA address have access to the internet or to another network?
No
What do you have to figure out when making a subnet from a network?
Subnet ID next Subnet ID broadcast # available host range
IPv6 address can be assigned what ways?
automatically and manually
How does IPv6 Tunneling work?
by encapsulating the IPv6 inside the IPv4
What is Network based IPv6 tunneling used for?
called 6in4 (6to4) -tunnel for full networks/subnets -cannot be used behind NAT -Static point to point tunnel
What is client based IPv6 tunneling used for?
called teredo (also be called Miredo for Linux) - tunnels a single host - can use behind NAT
What are the two types of IPv6 tunneling?
client based and Network based
Tunnel brokers call allow use to do what?
connect our entire IPv4 network to the IPv6
When is APIPA used?
When a DHCP server is not on a network
When is a DHCP relay normally used?
When a company is using multiple LAN's but does not want to use different DHCP servers
What does a IPv4 class provide?
a default mask based on the number in the first octet
What is IPv6 Tunneling?
a way to get to the IPv6 internet from the IPv4-based network
what is the loopback for IPv6?
all zero's and a one at the end
What does the Subnet mask do?
any where the mask has a 1 that index in the IP address is used for the Network ID.
What is DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) best used for?
assigning host addresses like phone's, laptops or any other host that does not need a dedicated IP address
What are the different types of IPv6 addresses?
global address Link-Local address Unique-Local address
What are the pro's and con's of doing static host configuration?
have to manually touch each computer have to keep track of every IP address assigned hard to manage but it is more secure
what is the host address mask in a IPv6?
it is always a /64
What is another name for APIPA?
link-local autoconfiguation
When there is only two address in a subnet what is it called?
point to point network
IPv6 is a ____________ than IPv4.
separate internet
Where can a user run a DHCP server?
servers, routers, and switches
When would we want to set a static IP address manually?
setting up a server, routers, and switches so the IP address should never change
What are the differences between Dynamic and static IP address configuration?
static is done manually and will never change dynamic is automatic, must have a server to do it, it is very fast, and it can change every time you plug in to the network
If a DNS is not added when assigning a IP address to a client what will happen?
thay will not be able to access anything outside of there network (also the internet).
what is the /24 called in the following Network ID (IP address) 192.168.1.0/24?
the CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
If the IP address is 192.168.40.55 and the Mask is 255.255.248.0 what does the 255's mean in the mask for the IP address?
the Network ID will have the IP address number where the the mask has all 1's and they will not change
What happens when a client connects to a network and needs a IP address, Subnet Mask, default gatway, and DNS server?
the client will sent a "DHCP Discover" broadcast asking for the information. the DHCP server will do a unicast "DHCP offer" with the information the client will sends a unicast "DHCP request" then the DHCP server will send a unicast "ACK"
When creating a subnets with requirements and not wasting any space. what do you start with?
the highest number of host
What does the last 64 bits of a IPv6 represent?
the host ID
What does the first 64 bits of a IPv6 represent?
the network ID
when a point to point is refereed to does that mean?
the subnet is a IP addresses/30
what does the /24 mean in the following Network ID (IP address) 192.168.1.0/24?
there are 24 one's (1's) from left to right in the Subnet mask (11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000) if it was /10 then it would look like (11111111.11000000.0000000.00000000)
What does it mean when the first section of an IP address is 127 like in the following example? IP address -> 127.168.54.45
this a Loopback address So, if this address is pinged its like pinging yourself
What is the global address?
used for talking out to the public internet always start with 2001::/16
where can i get the broadcast address on a Network?
using the Subnet Mask the zero's will indicate the broadcast address
How is APIPA used?
when a client sends a "DHCP Discover" broadcast asking for the information and does not get a response. it self-assigns a IP address from a specific network range
What is a Rogue DHCP server?
when a network has more then one DHCP server and a client needs an IP address. Then bother servers try to assign that client an IP address. can destroy a network
what two ways can a IPv6 address automatically be assigned?
with the MAC address and randomly
Can all three types of addresses be assigned to one host?
yes
Can a DHCP relay be used on a Home router?
yes but not normally used
Can a client get a IP address from a DHCP server if the server is not on the same network? If so how and what is it called?
yes by using something called a DHCP relay