14th Century Florence and Siena

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Intonaco

Final layer added to Fresco

Guilds

Labor unions or professional organizations (stone masons, artists, doctors)

Usury

Lending money at very high interest rates. Father of Scrovengni was accused of this.

Tempera

Paint made with egg binder and pigments

Bonaventura Berlinghieri

Painted and alter piece of St. Francis on tempera wood in 1235

Altarpiece

Painting typically on tempera wood that would depict religious figures and scenes

Punchwork

Personalized punches that an artist would add to painting that was unique to every painter

Gesso

Primer added before drawing on tempera

Gold Leaf

Pure form of gold that was applies to paintings

Repoussoir Figures

Stands with back to painting to draw audience in makes painting more 3D

Shading

Use of dark colors to give a three dimensional effect on painting

Modeling

Using dark and light colors to make a more realistic painting

St. Francis of Assisi

Wealthy man who renounced possessions, rebuilt corrupt church. Always wears either black or brown robe.

Italo-Byzantine Style

a linear flatness, a shallow space, and an emphasis on the spiritual.

Arriccio

layer applied before inonaco

Gilding

process of applying gold leaf to a piece of art

Buon Fresco

"True Fresco" wall painting were pigments were ground into water and applied to wet plaster

Maesta

"Virgin Mary of Magestry"

Mendicicant

"begger" followers of St. Francis wore belts to symbolize the vow to poverty, chastity and obedience to the Pope

Sinopia

Drawn with red chalk and transfered onto plaster by poking holes

Stigmatization

5 wounds of Jesus crucifixion

Red Bole

Applied before gold leaf

'Madona Enthroned with Angels and Prophets'

Created by Cimabue around 1280-1290 on tempera wood

'Madona Enthroned'

Created by Giotto di Bondone in 1310

'Enrico Scrovengni Presenting Chapel to the Virgin Mary'

Created by Giotto in the Arena Chapel in 1305-6

'Lamentation'

Created by Giotto in the Arena Chapel in 1305-6

Fresco Secco

Drawing on dry plaster


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