15th Ch. 43 Hepatic
A client with a diagnosis of esophageal varices has undergone endoscopy to gauge the progression of this complication of liver disease. Following the completion of this diagnostic test, what nursing intervention should the nurse perform? A. Keep client NPO until the results of test are known. B. Keep client NPO until the client's gag reflex returns. C. Administer analgesia until post-procedure tenderness is relieved. D. Give the client a cold beverage to promote swallowing ability.
B
A client with a history of injection drug use has been diagnosed with hepatitis C. When collaborating with the care team to plan this client's treatment, the nurse should anticipate what intervention? A. Administration of immune globulins B. A regimen of antiviral medications C. Rest and watchful waiting D. Administration of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP)
B
A nurse is amending a client's plan of care in light of the fact that the client has recently developed ascites. What should the nurse include in this client's care plan? A. Mobilization with assistance at least 4 times daily B. Administration of beta-adrenergic blockers as prescribed C. Vitamin B12 injections as prescribed D. Administration of diuretics as prescribed
D
A 55-year-old female client with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is undergoing radiofrequency ablation. The nurse should recognize what goal of this treatment? A. Destruction of the client's liver tumor B. Restoration of portal vein patency C. Destruction of a liver abscess D. Reversal of metastasis
A
A client has developed hepatic encephalopathy secondary to cirrhosis and is receiving care on the medical unit. The client's current medication regimen includes lactulose four times daily. What desired outcome should the nurse relate to this pharmacologic intervention? A. Two to three soft bowel movements daily B. Significant increase in appetite and food intake C. Absence of nausea and vomiting D. Absence of blood or mucus in stool
A
A client is being discharged after a liver transplant and the nurse is performing discharge education. When planning this client's continuing care, the nurse should prioritize what risk diagnosis? A. Risk for infection related to immunosuppressant use B. Risk for injury related to decreased hemostasis C. Risk for unstable blood glucose related to impaired gluconeogenesis D. Risk for contamination related to accumulation of ammonia
A
A nurse educator is teaching a group of recent nursing graduates about their occupational risks for contracting hepatitis B. What preventative measures should the educator promote? Select all that apply. A. Immunization B. Use of standard precautions C. Consumption of a vitamin-rich diet D. Annual vitamin K injections E. Annual vitamin B12 injections
A, B
A client has been admitted to the critical care unit with a diagnosis of toxic hepatitis. When planning the client's care, the nurse should be aware of what potential clinical course of this health problem? Place the following events in the correct sequence. 1. Fever rises. 2. Hematemesis. 3. Clotting abnormalities. 4. Vascular collapse. 5. Coma. A. 1, 2, 5, 4, 3 B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 C. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5 D. 3, 1, 2, 5, 4
B
A client who has undergone liver transplantation is ready to be discharged home. Which outcome of health education should the nurse prioritize? A. The client will obtain measurement of drainage from the T-tube. B. The client will exercise three times a week. C. The client will take immunosuppressive agents as required. D. The client will monitor for signs of liver dysfunction.
C
A client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis has developed variceal bleeding and will imminently undergo variceal banding. What psychosocial nursing diagnosis should the nurse most likely prioritize during this phase of the client's treatment? A. Decisional conflict B. Deficient knowledge C. Death anxiety D. Disturbed thought processes
C
A nurse is caring for a client with liver failure and is performing an assessment of the client's increased risk of bleeding. The nurse recognizes that this risk is related to the client's inability to synthesize prothrombin in the liver. What factor most likely contributes to this loss of function? A. Alterations in glucose metabolism B. Retention of bile salts C. Inadequate production of albumin by hepatocytes D. Inability of the liver to use vitamin K
D
A nurse is participating in the emergency care of a client who has just developed variceal bleeding. What intervention should the nurse anticipate? A. Infusion of intravenous heparin B. IV administration of albumin C. STAT administration of vitamin K by the intramuscular route D. IV administration of octreotide
D
A group of nurses have attended an in-service on the prevention of occupationally acquired diseases that affect health care providers. What action has the greatest potential to reduce a nurse's risk of acquiring hepatitis C in the workplace? A. Disposing of sharps appropriately and not recapping needles B. Performing meticulous hand hygiene at the appropriate moments in care C. Adhering to the recommended schedule of immunizations D. Wearing an N95 mask when providing care for clients on airborne precautions
A
A nurse is caring for a client with hepatic encephalopathy. While making the initial shift assessment, the nurse notes that the client has a flapping tremor of the hands. The nurse should document the presence of what sign of liver disease? A. Asterixis B. Constructional apraxia C. Fetor hepaticus D. Palmar erythema
A
A nurse on a solid organ transplant unit is planning the care of a client who will soon be admitted upon immediate recovery following liver transplantation. What aspect of nursing care is the nurse's priority? A. Implementation of infection-control measures B. Close monitoring of skin integrity and color C. Frequent assessment of the client's psychosocial status D. Administration of antiretroviral medications
A
A triage nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client who presented with reports of general malaise. Assessment reveals the presence of jaundice and increased abdominal girth. What assessment question best addresses the possible etiology of this client's presentation? A. "How many alcoholic drinks do you typically consume in a week?" B. "To the best of your knowledge, are your immunizations up to date?" C. "Have you ever worked in an occupation where you might have been exposed to toxins?" D. "Has anyone in your family ever experienced symptoms similar to yours?"
A
During a health education session, a participant has asked about the hepatitis E virus. What prevention measure should the nurse recommend for preventing infection with this virus? A. Following proper hand-washing techniques B. Avoiding chemicals that are toxic to the liver C. Wearing a condom during sexual contact D. Limiting alcohol intake
A
The nurse's review of a client's most recent laboratory results indicates a bilirubin level of 3.0 mg/dL (51 mmol/L). The nurse assesses the client for: A. jaundice. B. bleeding. C. malnutrition. D. hypokalemia.
A
A client's health care provider has ordered a "liver panel" in response to the client's development of jaundice. When reviewing the results of this laboratory testing, the nurse should expect to review what blood tests? Select all that apply. A. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) B. C-reactive protein (CRP) C. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) D. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) E. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
A, C, D
A client with end-stage liver disease has developed hypervolemia. What nursing interventions would be most appropriate when addressing the client's fluid volume excess? Select all that apply. A. Administering diuretics B. Administering calcium channel blockers C. Implementing fluid restrictions D. Implementing a 1500 kcal/day restriction E. Enhancing client positioning
A, C, E
A client has been diagnosed with advanced stage breast cancer and will soon begin aggressive treatment. What assessment findings would most strongly suggest that the client may have developed liver metastases? A. Persistent fever and cognitive changes B. Abdominal pain and hepatomegaly C. Peripheral edema unresponsive to diuresis D. Spontaneous bleeding and jaundice
B
A client with cirrhosis has experienced a progressive decline in his health; and liver transplantation is being considered by the interdisciplinary team. How will the client's prioritization for receiving a donor liver be determined? A. By considering the client's age and prognosis B. By objectively determining the client's medical need C. By objectively assessing the client's willingness to adhere to post-transplantation care D. By systematically ruling out alternative treatment options
B
A nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted for the treatment of advanced cirrhosis. What assessment should the nurse prioritize in this client's plan of care? A. Measurement of abdominal girth and body weight B. Assessment for variceal bleeding C. Assessment for signs and symptoms of jaundice D. Monitoring of results of liver function testing
B
A nurse is caring for a client with a blocked bile duct from a tumor. What manifestation of obstructive jaundice should the nurse anticipate? A. Watery, blood-streaked diarrhea B. Orange and foamy urine C. Increased abdominal girth D. Decreased cognition
B
A nurse is caring for a client with cirrhosis secondary to heavy alcohol use. The nurse's most recent assessment reveals subtle changes in the client's cognition and behavior. What is the nurse's most appropriate response? A. Ensure that the client's sodium intake does not exceed recommended levels. B. Report this finding to the primary provider due to the possibility of hepatic encephalopathy. C. Inform the primary provider that the client should be assessed for alcoholic hepatitis. D. Implement interventions aimed at ensuring a calm and therapeutic care environment.
B
What health promotion teaching should the nurse prioritize to prevent drug-induced hepatitis? A. Finish all prescribed courses of antibiotics, regardless of symptom resolution. B. Adhere to dosing recommendations of over-the-counter analgesics. C. Ensure that expired medications are disposed of safely. D. Ensure that pharmacists regularly review drug regimens for potential interactions.
B
A client with liver disease has developed ascites; the nurse is collaborating with the client to develop a nutritional plan. The nurse should prioritize which of the following in the client's plan? A. Increased potassium intake B. Fluid restriction to 2 L per day C. Reduction in sodium intake D. High-protein, low-fat diet
C
A client with portal hypertension has been admitted to the medical floor. The nurse should prioritize what assessments? A. Assessment of blood pressure and assessment for headaches and visual changes B. Assessments for signs and symptoms of venous thromboembolism C. Daily weights and abdominal girth measurement D. Blood glucose monitoring q4h
C
A nurse has entered the room of a client with cirrhosis and found the client on the floor. The client reports falling when transferring to the commode. The client's vital signs are within reference ranges and the nurse observes no apparent injuries. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? A. Remove the client's commode and supply a bedpan. B. Complete an incident report and submit it to the unit supervisor. C. Have the client assessed by the primary provider due to the risk of internal bleeding. D. Perform a focused abdominal assessment in order to rule out injury.
C
A nurse is caring for a client with hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse's assessment reveals that the client exhibits episodes of confusion, is difficult to arouse from sleep and has rigid extremities. Based on these clinical findings, the nurse should document what stage of hepatic encephalopathy? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4
C
A nurse is caring for a client with severe hemolytic jaundice. Laboratory tests show free bilirubin to be 24 mg/dL (408 mmol/L). For what complication is this client at risk? A. Chronic jaundice B. Pigment stones in portal circulation C. Central nervous system damage D. Hepatomegaly
C
A nurse is performing an admission assessment of a client with a diagnosis of cirrhosis. What technique should the nurse use to palpate the client's liver? A. Place hand under the right lower abdominal quadrant and press down lightly with the other hand. B. Place the left hand over the abdomen and behind the left side at the 11th rib. C. Place hand under right lower rib cage and press down lightly with the other hand. D. Hold hand 90 degrees to right side of the abdomen and push down firmly.
C
Diagnostic testing has revealed that a client's hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited to one lobe. The nurse should anticipate that this client's plan of care will focus on what intervention? A. Cryosurgery B. Liver transplantation C. Lobectomy D. Laser hyperthermia
C
A local public health nurse is informed that a cook in a local restaurant has been diagnosed with hepatitis A. What should the nurse advise individuals to obtain who ate at this restaurant and have never received the hepatitis A vaccine? A. The hepatitis A vaccine B. Albumin infusion C. The hepatitis A and B vaccines D. An immune globulin injection
D
A client with liver cancer is being discharged home with a hepatic artery catheter in place. The nurse should be aware that this catheter will facilitate which of the following? A. Continuous monitoring for portal hypertension B. Administration of immunosuppressive drugs during the first weeks after transplantation C. Real-time monitoring of vascular changes in the hepatic system D. Delivery of a continuous chemotherapeutic dose
D
A client with esophageal varices is being cared for in the ICU. The varices have begun to bleed. The client has Ringer lactate at 150 cc/hr infusing. The nurse should also anticipate what intervention? A. Positioning the client supine B. Administering diuretics C. Oxygen by nasal cannula D. Administering volume expanders
D
A client with liver cancer is being discharged home with a biliary drainage system in place. The nurse should teach the client's family how to safely perform which of the following actions? A. Aspirating bile from the catheter using a syringe B. Removing the catheter when output is 15 mL in 24 hours C. Instilling antibiotics into the catheter D. Assessing the patency of the drainage catheter
D
A nurse is performing an admission assessment for an 81-year-old client who generally enjoys good health. When considering normal, age-related changes to hepatic function, the nurse should anticipate what finding? A. Similar liver size and texture as in younger adults B. A nonpalpable liver C. A slightly enlarged liver with palpably hard edges D. A slightly decreased size of the liver
D
