20: Arthropoda (Introduction Chelicerata)

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The brown recluse spider venom is hemolytic, whereas the black widow spider venom is ______ in nature. neurotoxic lymphatic salivary harmless

Neurotoxic

The eight simple eyes in spiders contain which of the following structures? Optic rods Lens Groups of ocelli Retina

Optic rods Lens Retina

The most dangerous and aggressive spiders in South and Central America belong to genus _____________.

Phoneutria

What part of the scorpion body ends in the stinging apparatus? Postabdomen Preabdomen Pedipalp Cephalothorax

Postabdomen

In addition to providing a place of retreat, a spider's silk threads play a role in which of the three following functions? Waste excretion Nest lining Egg sac construction Prey capture Balance

Prey capture Nest lining Egg sac construction

True or false: Chiggers are parasitic larval stages of mites.

True

True or false: The venom of most scorpion species is not fatal to humans.

True

True or false: There are 200 million insects for every human alive today

True

Dermacentor causes

Tularemia

Spiders usually precede mating with some type of _______________ ritual.

courtship

In some spiders, ___________________ glands are modified nephridia that open at the base of the first and third walking legs.

coxal

The scorpion cephalothorax bears which of the three following? Stinging apparatus Abdomen Legs Eyes Mandibles

legs eyes abdomen

Demodex causes

mange in animals

The shedding of the cuticle is a process called _______________ and is a characteristic common to arthropods.

molting or ecdysis

Some spiders possess coxal glands, which are modified ______. fangs pedipalps chelicerae nephridia

nephridia

Sun spiders belong to what order? Solpugida Acari Scorpiones Opiliones

solpugida

What acarines are serious pests on crops such as fruit trees and clover? Chiggers Ticks Spider mites Redbugs

spider mties

A spider's abdominal silk gland is connected to a web-spinning organ called a ______. pedipalp spinneret chelicera Malpighian tubule

spinneret

True or false: The epicuticle consists of an exocuticle, which is secreted before molting, and an endocuticle, which is secreted after molting.

False, its the procuticle

True or false: Solpugids are venomous arachnids found generally in tropical and subtropical regions.

False, they are nonvenomous

Oxygen is delivered to parts of a spider's body by means of ______. gills Malpighian tubules tracheae and book lungs ovigers and pedipalps

tracheae and book lungs

Select all of the following that are present in Phylum Arthropoda. Closed circulatory system Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial forms Jointed appendages Free-living and parasitic forms Pseudocoelom

Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial forms Jointed appendages Free-living and parasitic forms

Select all the subphyla characterized by mandibles. Trilobita Myriopoda Crustacea Hexapoda Chelicerata

Myriapoda Hexapoda Crustacea

Select all the subphyla characterized by mandibles. Crustacea Hexapoda Myriopoda Trilobita Chelicerata

Myriopoda Hexapoda Crustacea

The earliest arthropods, trilobites, arose before the cambrian period and became exctinct about _____________ years ago.

250 million

Mites and ticks belong to Order ___________________ within the Class Arachnida

Acari

Species belonging to which phylum far outnumber all other species combined? Arthropoda Platyhelminthes Mollusca Chordata

Arthropoda

Ticks, scorpions, millipedes, crabs, and locusts are all members of Phylum _______________.

Arthropoda

Funnelweb spiders of the genus Atrax are found in ______ and are considered to be a fatal species. Europe South America North America Australia

Australia

Harvestmen in Order Opiliones possess which two of the following characteristics? External segmentation of abdomen Pedicel Broad joining of abdomen and cephalothorox Six pairs of short, stubby legs

Broad joining of abdomen and cephalothorox External segmentation of abdomen

Select all of the following spiders that render harmful and sometimes fatal bites. Tarantula Brown recluse Black widow Jumping spider

Brown recluse Black widow

Order Solpugida contains the ______. mites harvestmen sea spiders camel spiders

Camel spiders

The venom of the scorpion belonging to Genus ______________ in Mexico can be fatal.

Centruroides

The exocuticle and endocuticle, which make up an arthropod's procuticle, are composed of a tough, nitrogenous polysaccharide called ____________.

Chitin

Select all of the following that can be components of the arthropod procuticle. Calcium salts Chitin Protein Gelatinous mesoglea Tagmata

Chitin Protein Calcium salts

The mandibulate hypothesis supports what statement? Crabs are more closely related to insects than to horseshoe crabs. Convergent evolution is responsible for similarities in the mandibles of myriapods and crustaceans. Chelicerates and crustaceans differ in mouthpart type but are more closely related than myriapods and crustaceans. Mandibles of hexapods and crustaceans are not homologous.

Crabs are more closely related to insects than to horseshoe crabs

Based on the following cladogram, subphlyum Myriapoda is more closely related to subphylum ______ than to subphylum ______. Chelicerata; Crustacea Chelicerata; Hexapoda Crustacea; Chelicerata

Crustacea; Chelicerata

The Order Opiliones contains what arthropods? Ticks Daddy longlegs Scorpions Horseshoe crabs

Daddy longlegs

The arthropod cuticle is composed of two layers: the outer, relatively thin layer called the ____________, and an inner, thicker layer called the _____________that contains chitin.

Epicuticle; Procuticle

Arthopods share which of the following five common features? Closed circulatory system Coelom Protostome development Segmented bodies Exoskeleton Mantle Jointed appendages

Exoskeleton Protostome development Coelom Segmented bodies Jointed appendages

Most arthropods are _____________, feeding mainly on plants

Herbivorous

Arthropods utilize which of the following feeding modes? Herbivory Autotrophy Carnivory Omnivory Deposit feeding

Herbivory Carnivory Omnivory

Select all true statements about the cuticle of a typical arthropod. It lacks flexibility between body segments and segments of appendages. It is firm and impermeable. It provides protection. It provides a point of attachment for muscles. It facilitates free movement.

It provides protection It facilitates free movement It provides a point of attachment for muscles

The horseshoe crab found in North America is classified under genus _______________.

Limulus

An arthropod's cuticle may also serve which of the following functions? Lines the hindgut Absorbs nitrogenous wastes Supports and lines the tracheae Lines the Malpighian tubules Lines the foregut

Lines the hindgut Lines the foregut Supports and lines the tracheae

Ixodes causes

Lyme disease

In spiders and other taxa, structures called ______________ _____________work in conjunction with rectal glands and function as an excretory organ to remove wastes.

Malpighian tubules

What two features are shared by the three subphyla of mandibulates in the cladogram? Compound eye Chitinous exoskeleton Loss of antennae Mandibles

Mandibles Chitinous exoskeleton

Scorpions belong to Order _____________.

Scorpionida

What organism belongs to Class Pycnogonida in Subphylum Chelicerata? Wolf spider Scorpion Eurypterid Sea spider

Sea spider

Select all of the adaptations that allowed for efficient locomotion in arthropods. Jointed appendages Cellular epidermis Specialized appendages Large coelom Segmentation

Segmentation Jointed appendages Specialized appendages

Select all of the following that are arthropods. Spiders Crustaceans Insects Centipedes Annelids

Spiders Crustaceans Insects Centipedes

Select all of the features of sea spiders belonging to Class Pycnogonida. Rounded cephalothorax Telson Legs called ovigers Suctorial proboscis Reduced abdomen

Suctorial proboscis reduced abdomen Legs called ovigers

In arthropods, body segments are often combined or fused into functional units called ____________.

Tagmata

Boophilus causes

Texas cattle fever

Sequence the steps of spider reproduction, beginning at the top with the courtship ritual.

The male spider spins a web Sperm is deposited on the web The male spider collects and stores the sperm in his pedipalp cavities The male's pedipalps are inserted into the female genital opening Sperm is stored in the female's seminal receptacles The female spider lays her eggs in a silk cocoon

Select all of the following that describe acarines. There are both terrestrial and aquatic forms. They consist of about 5,000 species. They exhibit external segmentation of abdomen. Their abdomen is completely fused to the cephalothorax. There are parasitic forms.

Their abdomen is completely fused to the cephalothorax They are both terrestrial and aquatic forms There are parasitic forms

Select all of the following that describe acarines. There are both terrestrial and aquatic forms. Their abdomen is completely fused to the cephalothorax. They consist of about 5,000 species. They exhibit external segmentation of abdomen. There are parasitic forms.

There are both terrestrial and aquatic forms Their abdomen is completely fused to the cephalothorax There are parasitic forms

Select all of the following that describe members of Order Acari. They are ectoparasitic. They are free-living. Their venom is fatal. They are vectors for disease.

They are ectoparasitic They are free-living They are vectors for disease

Select all of the following that are true about solpugids. They possess small chelicerae. They are prevalent in tropical regions. They exceed 25 cm in length. They are nonvenomous.

They are prevalent in tropical regions They are nonvenomous

Chiggers, belonging to genus Trombicula, are harmful in what ways? They transmit Lyme disease. They spread typhus. They feed on human tissues. They can cause dermatitis.

They can cause dermatitis They spread typhus They feed on human tissues

Select all of the following that describe sea spiders. They have chelicerae mouthparts. They have four pairs of walking legs. Most are larger than 0.5 meters. They lack a digestive tract.

They have four pairs of walking legs They have chelicerae mouthparts

Select all true statements about scorpion feeding. They feed primarily on small reptiles. They are nocturnal feeders. They seize prey with their pedipalps. They shred prey with their mandibles.

They seize prey with their pedipalps They are nocturnal feeders

Select all of the following that are included in Order Acari. Ticks Scorpions Sea spiders Mites

Ticks Mites

Select all of the adaptations in arthropods that account for their success and diversity. Sessile lifestyle Tracheal system Reduced digestive tract Cartilaginous endoskeleton Highly developed sensory organs Jointed appendages

Tracheal system Highly developed sensory organs Jointed appendages

Select all of the subphyla of Arthropoda. Chelicerata Hexapoda Trilobita Onychophora Myriapoda Crustacea Mollusca

Triblobita Chelicerata Crustacea Myriapoda Hexapoda

Subphylum Trilobita includes arthropods that are extinct called ______. trilobites crustaceans horseshoe crabs hexapods

Trilobites

Select all of the characteristics of arthropods. Radial symmetry Triploblastic body Excretion by Malpighian tubules Chitinous exoskeleton Large coelom in adult

Triploblastic body Chitinous exoskeleton Excretion by Malpighian tubules

Scorpions are more common in what regions of the world? Marine and freshwater Tropical and subtropical Taiga Temperate

Tropical and subtropical

A scorpion mother carries her young on her back until ______. their stinger is fully developed they reach a few millimeters in length after their first molt they reach maturation

after their first molt

Horseshoe crabs have flat, leaflike gills, called ____________ gills, under the covering of some abdominal appendages.

book

Spiders can breathe air using parallel air pockets called ________________ lungs and a system of air tubes called tracheae.

book

In crustaceans, the exoskeleton is reinforced with ______________ salts, which make it extra hard.

calcium

Acarines are characterized by their ______, an anterior projection that contains their mouthparts. rostrum proboscis capitulum hypostome

capitulum

Acarines have a(n) ________________, or anterior projection which houses their feeding apparatus.

capitulum

All species in Class Arachnida have a fused head and thorax called a ______________.

cephalothorax or prosoma

Unlike other arachnids, acarines have a fully fused ________________ and _____________.

cephalothroax; abdomen

Arthropods possess jointed appendages, segmented bodies and a chitinous _______________.

cuticle

Several types of acarines can cause an irritating skin condition called ______ in vertebrates. Lyme disease dermatitis typhus tularemia

dermatitis

The shedding and re-formation of the exoskeleton to facilitate growth is known as ______. asexual reproduction tagmatization parthenogenesis ecdysis

ecdysis

Spiders typically have ______ eyes, which are used to sense movement. six, compound eight, compound eight, simple six, simple

eight, simple

The outer, sclerotized layer of the arthropod cuticle is called the ______, while the inner layer containing chitin is called the ______. endocuticle; epicuticle procuticle; endocuticle epicuticle; procuticle exocuticle; endocuticle

epicuticle; procuticle

Class Merostomata includes the extinct giant water scorpions, which are called ______. eurypterids horseshoe crabs sea spiders trilobites

eurypterids

Arthropods are currently divided into ______ subphyla. six five three two

five

The extinct eurypterids are also called ______. sea spiders giant water scorpions horseshoe crabs velvet worms

giant water scorpions

Deposits of calcium salts in the exoskeletons of crustaceans result in ______ strength and ______ flexibility. increased; increased decreased; increased increased; decreased decreased; decreased

increased; decreased

Harvestmen differ from spiders in that the joining of their abdomen and cephalothorax is not constrained by a ______________.

pedicel

The tagmata in spiders are joined by a narrow ______. telson prosoma pedicel padipalp

pedicel

Mites and ticks belonging to Order Acari feed on what material? plant and animal only plant only animal

plant and animal

The suctorial ______________ of the sea spider enables it to siphon juices from cnidarians and other organisms.

proboscis

Which feature allows sea spiders to drink juices from other organisms? Tentacle Proboscis Pharynx Antennae

proboscis

In arthropods, a layer called the _____________ is composed of an exocuticle, which is secreted before molting, and a(n) _________________, which is secreted after molting.

procuticle; endocuticle

In arthropods, a layer called the __________________ is composed of an exocuticle, which is secreted before molting, and a(n) ___________________, which is secreted after molting.

procuticle; endocuticle

A spider's silk is composed of _______, which hardens to form a silk thread. lipid protein carbohydrate salt

protein

In the United States, the black widow spider is characterized by a ______ on the underside of the abdomen, while the brown recluse has a ______ on the cephalothorax. pattern of dots that resemble a smiley face; yellowish blotch violin-shaped dorsal stripe; red "hourglass" yellowish blotch; pattern of dots that resemble a smiley face red "hourglass"; violin-shaped dorsal stripe

red "hourglass"; Violin-shaped dorsal stripe

All species in Class Arachnida have two _______, which consist of a cephalothorax and an abdomen. pedicels crops tagmata pedipalps

tagmata

The head and thorax of arthropods are ______, which are functional groups of fused segments. septa tagmata tracheae mantles

tagmata

Xiphosurids are characterized by their tailpiece, or _________________ and tough dorsal shield, known as a(n) _____________.

telson; carapace

There are ______ extant genera of xiphosurids, whose distribution spans from North America to southern Asia and Japan. three two four five

three

True or false: Spiders use silk to construct egg sacs

true

Trombicula causes

typhus

The colonization of land by spiders and insects is attributable to the retention of ______, made possible by their excretory system. water and potassium potassium and chlorine oxygen and carbon dioxide collagen and chitin

water and potassium

During reproduction, scorpions bear ______. larval juveniles well-developed young shelled larvae eggs

well-developed young


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