20

World War I hurt the socialist movement in the United States Multiple choice question. A)because the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country. B)because the Socialist Party supported Germany. C)because the Socialist Party had dynamited key railroad lines to prevent troop movement. D)both because the war generated anti-radical feelings in the country, and because the Socialist Party supported Germany. E)All these answers are correct.

A

During the early twentieth century, the Industrial Workers of the World Multiple choice question. A)advocated a single union for all workers. B)was dominated by anarchists. C)emphasized education for the working class. D)rejected the economic principles of both capitalism and Marxism. E)was a more violent organization than the public recognized at the time.

A

During the progressive era, opponents of political reform generally included many members of all of the following EXCEPT Multiple choice question. A)the urban middle class. B)the business community. C)the urban working class. D)saloon owners. E)recent immigrants.

A

During the progressive era, political "interest groups" Multiple choice question. A)rose to replace the declining power centers of the parties. B)were attacked by progressive reformers. C)gradually became less powerful as time went on. D)were attacked by progressive reformers, and gradually became less powerful as time went on. E)All these answers are correct.

A

During the progressive era, the women's club movement Multiple choice question. A)had a national organization to coordinate club activities. B)consistently avoided controversial social reforms. C)became increasingly concerned with cultural activities. D)both had a national organization to coordinate club activities, and became increasingly concerned with cultural activities. E)None of these answers is correct.

A

In 1910, in Osawatomie, Kansas, Theodore Roosevelt announced a set of political principles that called for Multiple choice question. A)greater activism by the federal government. B)limiting the authority of President William H. Taft. C)an end to legal racial discrimination. D)equal pay for male and female workers who performed the same jobs. E)a return to the laissez-faire policies of his two administrations.

A

In 1913, to offset the loss of revenues from other legislation, Congress Multiple choice question. A)passed a graduated income tax. B)decided to inflate the currency. C)increased business regulatory fees. D)raised the tariff on agricultural goods. E)passed heavy excise taxes on alcohol and tobacco.

A

In the election of 1908, William Howard Taft Multiple choice question. A)was hand-picked by Theodore Roosevelt to succeed him. B)narrowly defeated his opponent, William Jennings Bryan. C)was opposed by progressives and conservatives. D)had a public image very much like that of Theodore Roosevelt. E)decisively defeated his Republican opponent in the general election.

A

Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot, voter ballots were printed and distributed by Multiple choice question. A)the political parties. B)the federal government. C)private contractors. D)state governments. E)philanthropic organizations.

A

The 1912 Republican convention was an ideological contest between Multiple choice question. A)the Old Guard and what was to become the "Bull Moose." B)La Follette and Taft. C)the "New Freedom" and the "New Nationalism." D)both different types of progressivism and the "New Freedom" and "New Nationalism." E)All these answers are correct.

A

The 1916 Keating-Owen Act was the first federal law regulating Multiple choice question. A)child labor. B)industrial safety. C)tenant agriculture. D)the garment industry. E)information about contraceptives.

A

The Federal Reserve Act Multiple choice question. A)created a new type of paper currency. B)helped to reduce loans to private banks. C)was designed to push troubled banks out of business. D)was regulated by a board whose members were elected by Congress. E)created sixteen regional banks.

A

The Women's Christian Temperance Union Multiple choice question. A)was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history. B)called for an end to saloons, not for a full prohibition on alcoholic beverages. C)was later replaced by the Anti-Saloon League. D)was headed by a male president. E)was founded during the progressive era.

A

The first director of the National Forest Service was Multiple choice question. A)Gifford Pinchot. B)William Howard Taft. C)John Muir. D)Richard Ballinger. E)Louis Glavis.

A

The temperance movement between 1914 and 1919 Multiple choice question. A)gained momentum as a result of World War I. B)was opposed by most conservative Christians. C)saw the Women's Christian Temperance Union peak at 125,000 members. D)resulted in the unanimous passage by states of the Eighteenth Amendment. E)gained the support of most Catholic immigrants.

A

While progressivism has many meanings, it tended in this period to be based on the central assumption that Multiple choice question. A)American society was capable of improvement. B)Social Darwinism could create social order and stability. C)urbanization was harmful to the United States. D)the laissez-faire philosophy should be embraced in American politics. E)individual rights should be expanded as widely as possible.

A

As an environmental conservationist, President Theodore Roosevelt Multiple choice question. A)opposed hunting on all federal lands. B)added extensive areas of land to the national forest system. C)opposed new dam construction on major rivers. D)opposed the growing preservationist movement as impractical. E)All these answers are correct.

B

During President Woodrow Wilson's first term, Colonel Edward House Multiple choice question. A)was secretary of state. B)was one of Wilson's closest advisors. C)became the locus of opposition to Wilson in the cabinet. D)was both secretary of state and one of Wilson's closest advisors. E)All these answers are correct.

B

During the progressive era, clubs for African American women Multiple choice question. A)differed sharply from white women's clubs in their structure. B)often took anti-lynching and anti-segregation positions. C)existed in large numbers despite the racial inclusiveness of white-founded women's clubs. D)tried to ignore overtly racial issues such as segregation. E)did not exist.

B

During the progressive era, important vehicles for social reform included Multiple choice question. A)the American Federation of Labor. B)New York's Tammany Hall. C)the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. D)both New York's Tammany Hall and the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. E)None of these answers is correct.

B

During the progressive era, reformers of city government frequently tried to Multiple choice question. A)require city council members to run by district rather than at-large. B)hire professionally trained business managers or engineers as city managers. C)make all city government positions appointive. D)strengthen the power of city councils at the expense of mayors. E)move city elections to presidential years in order to increase turnout.

B

During the progressive era, the Socialist Party of America Multiple choice question. A)grew weaker. B)grew stronger. C)renamed itself the Progressive Party. D)virtually disappeared. E)continued as it had in the past.

B

For western states, the most important target of reform energies was Multiple choice question. A)state government agencies, such as the Bureau of Land Management. B)the federal government, because it exerted great power in the western states. C)political parties. D)municipal and county governments, as they had the most day-to-day impact on the lives of the western voting constituency. E)the prison system.

B

In 1909, a controversy involving Richard Ballinger and Gifford Pinchot saw Multiple choice question. A)President William H. Taft fire Ballinger, due to a conflict of interest. B)President William H. Taft fire Pinchot for insubordination. C)conservative Republicans turn against President Taft. D)progressives come to oppose Pinchot. E)former supporters of Roosevelt rally behind Taft.

B

In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt was reluctant to become a candidate for president because Multiple choice question. A)the 1910 elections seemed to illustrate that progressivism was on the wane. B)Robert La Follette had been working to secure the nomination for himself. C)President William H. Taft announced he would seek reelection. D)many conservative Republicans asked him to seek the nomination of the party. E)None of these answers is correct.

B

In his political program known as the "New Freedom," Woodrow Wilson believed trusts Multiple choice question. A)needed to be tightly regulated by the federal government. B)should be destroyed. C)should exist only if they benefited the middle class. D)should have the right to expand. E)should exist only if they recognized labor's right to organize.

B

In regards to organizing the professions during the Progressive Era, Multiple choice question. A)most professions attempted to expand the ranks of Americans in their fields. B)by 1916, all states had established professional bar associations. C)the medical field remained largely unorganized. D)there was little organized activity in rural America. E)state and local governments generally impeded attempts to professionalize.

B

Regarding divorce in the United States during the progressive era, by 1916 Multiple choice question. A)the majority of divorces were initiated by men. B)more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce. C)divorce rates declined. D)few states allowed divorce. E)women began gaining the right to divorce in many states.

B

The recall and the direct primary were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken Multiple choice question. A)the federal government. B)political parties. C)state governors. D)state legislatures. E)the courts.

B

The temperance crusade Multiple choice question. A)first began to take shape during the progressive era. B)was supported by business employers. C)sought to curb prostitution. D)found its greatest support among immigrants. E)was wholeheartedly supported by urban political machines.

B

Thorstein Veblen argued that Multiple choice question. A)only the wealthy leisure class had adequate time and money to help the needy. B)modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to govern the economy. C)true social reform would only occur if the nation's wealth were redistributed. D)the leaders of corporations were the natural choice to create social reform. E)the philanthropy of industrial tycoons had subverted the natural workings of society.

B

When he assumed the presidency in 1901, Theodore Roosevelt Multiple choice question. A)had no previous political experience. B)was the youngest American ever to hold the office. C)had little faith in the power of public opinion. D)both was the youngest American ever to hold the office and had no previous political experience. E)None of these answers is correct.

B

After the elections of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson Multiple choice question. A)held steady to his existing course of action. B)moved away from progressivism. C)began another round of progressive legislation. D)encouraged the United States to enter the war in Europe. E)refused to nominate any progressives to the Supreme Court.

C

By the fall of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson Multiple choice question. A)decided to expand his progressive reform efforts. B)concluded he could not achieve meaningful reform of the economy. C)believed his reform program had largely been accomplished. D)had succeeded in breaking up most business trusts. E)had created the mechanisms for a vigorous legal pursuit of monopoly.

C

During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president, Multiple choice question. A)he was a champion of labor unions. B)he made the breaking-up of business combinations his highest priority. C)he desired to win for government the power to investigate corporate activities. D)his primary accomplishment was to reform the meatpacking industry. E)he deeply antagonized the conservative Old Guard wing of his party.

C

During the Progressive Era, some supporters of woman suffrage argued that female voters Multiple choice question. A)would end future political scandals. B)would ensure fair elections. C)deserved the vote because of their unique traits as women. D)were unlikely ever to vote for a woman running for national office. E)would help to defeat the growing movement for temperance.

C

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was Multiple choice question. A)a reform movement guided by the American Catholic Church. B)first described by Andrew Carnegie. C)chiefly concerned with redeeming the nation's cities. D)intended to offer spiritual, not material, assistance to the poor. E)a belief that God had chosen the rich to be rich and the poor to be poor.

C

Many progressives, such as Lincoln Steffens, believed that the first target of reform should be Multiple choice question. A)Congress. B)state governments. C)municipal governments. D)the judicial system. E)the federal bureaucracy.

C

Regarding women and the professions during the Progressive Era, Multiple choice question. A)almost no women were able to have professional careers. B)the majority of professional women were nurses. C)social work was generally thought to be an appropriate career for women. D)educated black women were barred from all professional opportunities. E)women were forced out of nursing as the occupation gained distinction.

C

The 1913 Underwood-Simmons Tariff Multiple choice question. A)represented a political setback for President Wilson. B)reduced foreign competition in the United States' domestic markets. C)was intended to weaken the power of business trusts. D)passed despite opposition from congressional Democrats. E)raised tariff rates to a new high.

C

The Sierra Club was founded by Multiple choice question. A)Gifford Pinchot. B)Theodore Roosevelt. C)John Muir. D)Richard Ballinger. E)Louis Glavis.

C

The Supreme Court, in two rulings related to the 1916 Keating-Owen Act, Multiple choice question. A)demonstrated its support for President Wilson's political agenda. B)validated an expansion of congressional authority. C)struck down reform legislation. D)displayed support for using federal authority to create social change. E)illustrated how quickly Justice Louis Brandeis had changed the Court.

C

Theodore Roosevelt did not run for another term as president in 1908 because Multiple choice question. A)the Constitution prevented him from doing so. B)he had lost much of his public popularity. C)in 1904 he had promised not to run again. D)he was denied the nomination of his party. E)he felt he had accomplished everything he wanted to do as president.

C

All of the following were progressive reformers from western states EXCEPT Multiple choice question. A)William Borah. B)George Norris. C)Hiram Johnson. D)Alfred E. Smith. E)None of these answers is correct, as all were progressive reformers from western states.

D

At the turn of the twentieth century, progressive activists Multiple choice question. A)believed that organizations stunted individual growth and stifled creativity. B)asserted that it was the right of individuals to act as they chose. C)held a strong commitment to improving racial justice. D)believed in the importance of social cohesion. E)believed that people's character was hardwired at birth.

D

During the progressive era, W. E. B. Du Bois asserted all of the following EXCEPT that Multiple choice question. A)Booker T. Washington's ideas were unnecessarily limiting to blacks. B)talented blacks should accept nothing less than a full university education. C)blacks should fight for immediate civil rights. D)seeking legal challenges to civil injustice through white-dominated courts was a pointless exercise. E)blacks should aspire to the professions.

D

During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was Multiple choice question. A)Lincoln Steffens. B)William Haywood. C)Florence Kelley. D)Eugene V. Debs. E)A. Mitchell Palmer.

D

In 1904, Ida Tarbell published a highly critical study on Multiple choice question. A)the Carnegie Steel Company. B)child industrial labor. C)urban "boss rule." D)the Standard Oil trust. E)Congress.

D

In the 1902 strike by the United Mine Workers, President Theodore Roosevelt Multiple choice question. A)sided with the miners. B)sided with the mine owners. C)ordered in federal troops to keep the peace. D)ordered federal arbitration. E)ordered in federal troops to break the strike.

D

In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City, Multiple choice question. A)New York State barred factories from employing women under the age of sixteen. B)factories taller than ten stories could only use the upper floors for storage of materials. C)few true reforms of industry were made. D)strict regulations were imposed on factory owners. E)Tammany Democrats attempted to thwart the New York State commission examining the fire.

D

The initiative and referendum were progressive-era political reforms primarily designed to weaken the power of Multiple choice question. A)the federal government. B)municipal governments. C)state governors. D)state legislatures. E)the courts.

D

The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of Multiple choice question. A)charitable foundations. B)community service. C)psychological therapy. D)social work. E)comparative sociology.

D

Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle, encouraged the federal government to regulate the Multiple choice question. A)railroad industry. B)steel industry. C)housing industry. D)meatpacking industry. E)oil industry.

D

A distinctive characteristic of women in professional work during the progressive era was that Multiple choice question. A)women did not dominate any single profession. B)women could not attain advanced degrees from American universities. C)women did not generally create their own professional organizations. D)"women's professions," unlike other professions, did not attempt to exclude anyone. E)women were concentrated in the "helping" professions.

E

All of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration EXCEPT the Multiple choice question. A)Meat Inspection Act. B)Pure Food and Drug Act. C)Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act. D)National Reclamation Act. E)Interstate Commerce Act.

E

As governor of Wisconsin, the progressive reformer Robert La Follette helped win approval for Multiple choice question. A)campaign finance reform. B)mandatory health insurance. C)a repeal of the income tax. D)employee profit sharing in large corporations. E)the direct primary, initiative, and referendum.

E

As president, William Howard Taft Multiple choice question. A)angered many conservatives with his activism. B)generally pleased progressives. C)managed to match Roosevelt's personal dynamism. D)angered many conservatives with his activism, but generally pleased progressives. E)None of these answers is correct.

E

At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement Multiple choice question. A)eventually saw their ideas and institutions take hold in England. B)generally expressed moral disapproval of the behavior of immigrants. C)thought assimilation robbed immigrants of the best parts of their culture. D)were generally first-generation immigrants who helped second-generation immigrants. E)directed their attention to improving urban living conditions.

E

During the progressive era, significant voting rights for women were first won in Multiple choice question. A)the mid-Atlantic states. B)the South. C)New England. D)the Midwest. E)the Far West.

E

During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of Multiple choice question. A)a lower birth rate. B)the movement to work outside the home. C)increased schooling for children. D)higher levels of education. E)All these answers are correct.

E

In the 1912 presidential election results, Multiple choice question. A)President William H. Taft came in last of the four major candidates. B)Theodore Roosevelt won the popular vote but lost the electoral college. C)Eugene Debs offered his electoral votes to Theodore Roosevelt. D)Theodore Roosevelt finished third in the popular vote. E)Woodrow Wilson won only a plurality of the popular vote.

E

In the early twentieth century, eugenics Multiple choice question. A)contended that inequalities between humans were rooted in education. B)aimed to subvert and oppose the rising tide of nativism. C)was exposed by a federal commission as a fraudulent science. D)asserted that the root of many urban problems was overcrowded cities. E)supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.

E

In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, Multiple choice question. A)a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women. B)many states gave full voting rights to women. C)New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California all granted women the right to vote. D)a majority of states gave some voting rights to women, including New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California. E)All these answers are correct.

E

The Federal Trade Commission Act Multiple choice question. A)defined the standard for "unfair trade practices." B)helped businesses increase their trade markets. C)failed to give the government new powers to investigate corporate behavior. D)encouraged industries to write basic "codes" governing prices, hours, and wages across the board. E)created an agency to determine whether business practices were acceptable to the government.

E

The brilliant lawyer Louis D. Brandies, who later became a Supreme Court justice, argued that the federal government should work to break up the largest corporations because the "curse of bigness" Multiple choice question. A)limited competition. B)was inefficient. C)was a threat to freedom. D)encouraged abuses of power. E)All these answers are correct.

E

The term "muckrakers" referred to Multiple choice question. A)western progressives. B)Social Darwinists. C)socialists. D)critics of imperialism. E)journalists.

E

Which statement regarding the controversy over Hetch Hetchy Valley is FALSE? Multiple choice question. A)Hetch Hetchy was a spectacular high-walled valley within Yosemite National Park. B)The fight against the dam helped mobilize a new coalition of preservationists. C)In 1908, by a wide margin, San Francisco voters approved building a dam at Hetch Hetchy. D)John Muir devoted the last years of his life to opposing a dam at Hetch Hetchy. E)Theodore Roosevelt led the fight in favor of building a dam at Hetch Hetchy.

E