2.01 Electrons and Bonding, 2.03 Chemical Formulas, 2.04 Hydrogen Hydroxide

Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure diagram for Neon?

The correct structure for Neon is a. **The picture of "Ne" with two dots surrounding each side of the letters like a square.** (has 8 valence electrons)

Calcium carbonate is a molecule that contains one atom of calcium, one atom of carbon, and three atoms of oxygen. Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for calcium carbonate? a. CaCO3 b. Ca3CO c. (CaC)3O d. 3(CaCO)

a. CaCO3

A scientist discovers a new substance. The molecules of the substance form hydrogen bonds with each other. When the molecules lose a lot of energy, the hydrogen bonds hold them relatively far apart. Based on this information, what can the scientist infer about the substance? a. It expands when it freezes. b. It is highly colored. c. It exists only as a gas. d. It does not dissolve ionic compounds.

a. It expands when it freezes.

Which of these best explains what happens when the ionic substance calcium chloride (CaCl2) dissolves in water? a. The oxygen atoms in the water molecules are attracted to the Ca2+ ions. b. The oxygen atoms in the water molecules are attracted to the Cl− ions. c. The hydrogen atoms in the water molecules are attracted to the Ca2+ ions. d. The oxygen atoms in the water molecules are attracted to the H+ ions.

a. The oxygen atoms in the water molecules are attracted to the Ca2+ ions.

A student heats 100 g of aluminum to 60°C. He places it in 100 g of water at 20°C. Over time, what will most likely happen? a. The water's temperature will increase slightly, and the metal's temperature will decrease a lot. b. The water's temperature will increase a lot, and the metal's temperature will decrease slightly. c. The water's temperature will decrease slightly, and the metal's temperature will increase a lot. d. The water's temperature will increase by about the same amount as the metal's temperature decreases.

a. The water's temperature will increase slightly, and the metal's temperature will decrease a lot.

What information can you infer from the Lewis structure diagram shown below? **Picture of the letter O with two dots to the left, two dots above, one dot to the right, and one dot below** a. Boron has six valence electrons. b. Oxygen has six valence electrons. c. Boron has five valence electrons. d. Oxygen has five valence electrons.

b. Oxygen has six valence electrons.

How many atoms of hydrogen are there in one molecule of water, if the chemical formula is H2*O? *2 is subscript a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

c. 2

Fluorine has nine protons and nine electrons. It is in column 17 on the periodic table. How many valence electrons does fluorine have? a. 2 b. 5 c. 7 d. 9

c. 7

Which of the following groups have seven valence electrons and are very reactive? a. Column 1 alkali metals b. Column 2 alkaline earth metals c. Column 17 halogens d. Column 18 noble gases

c. Column 17 halogens

Which of the following properties of water is due primarily to the uneven distribution of charge between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms? a. Its color b. Its taste c. Its ability to dissolve ionic substances d. Its ability to produce buoyant forces

c. Its ability to dissolve ionic substances

Areas near oceans or large lakes tend to have more moderate climates than do areas far from large bodies of water. Which of these statements best explains this observation? a. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons in a water molecule. b. Lakes and oceans contain dissolved solids. c. Water has a very high specific heat. d. Water produces buoyant forces.

c. Water has a very high specific heat.

A drop of water placed on a smooth, dry surface will form a dome-shaped droplet instead of flowing outward in different directions. Which of these best explains this observation? a. The bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms are very strong. b. The electrons in the atoms attract the electrons in the other atoms. c. Water molecules at the surface experience fewer hydrogen bonds than water molecules within the liquid. d. Water molecules near the surface produce more buoyant force than water molecules within the liquid.

c. Water molecules at the surface experience fewer hydrogen bonds than water molecules within the liquid.

How many atoms of fluoride are there in one molecule of nitrogen trifluoride? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

d. 3

How many atoms of oxygen are there in one molecule of trinitrotoluene, if the chemical formula is C6H3(NO2)3? a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 6

d. 6

What is another term for a Lewis structure diagram? a. Proton-electron ratio b. Valence bond diagram c. Bond pair visual d. Electron-dot diagram

d. Electron-dot diagram

Which of the following is one part of a chemical formula for a molecule? a. A number showing the atomic masses of each element b. A Lewis dot diagram for the molecule c. A number that shows the total number of chemical bonds d. Numbers that show how many atoms of each element are in the molecule

d. Numbers that show how many atoms of each element are in the molecule