2014 AP EXAM

Gabby uses a coin to tighten a screw on a faucet handle. This action shows that gabby has overcome

functional fixedness

Which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variables in experiments?

random assignment

an animal will gain weight when

releasing factors are present

In high school, it didn't seem to make a difference how much Clive studied Spanish; he always earned poor grades. Now that Clive is in college, he is required to take Spanish again. According to the concept of learned helplessness, which of the following statements can be most expected from Clive as he starts the new Spanish class?

"Why study? There isn't anything I can do to improve my Spanish skills."

Which of the following is the strongest correlation?

-.90

Of the following, an evolutionary psychologist will most likely investigate the

Age of children when they speak their first words

Thomas gained a lot of weight because he was eating too many sweets. A psychologist suggested to Thomas that he pair the pleasant taste of something he finds unpleasant. So, Thomas put broccoli, which he hates, in his ice cream, cake, and pie. He now feels nauseated at the sight of dessert and avoids eating it. This technique is known as

Aversion Therapy

Incentive theories of motivation explain the desire of people to achieve goals in terms of

External stimuli that have the capacity to affect behavior

What is the correct chronological order of the following perspective of psychology, from past to present? I. Behaviorism - II. Psychoanalysis III.Structuralism - IV. Humanism

I, II, III, IV

Which of the following did Erik Erikson say was the primary conflict through which a teenager needs to work?

Identity versus role confusion

A young child says, "Where did you goed?" Which of the following psychologists would likely argue that the child is overregularization a logical grammar rule?

Noam Chonmsky

Modern Research on Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development indicates that

Piaget underestimated children's abilities

In elementary school, Lisa learned to speak some japanese in addition to English. As a sophomore in high school, Lisa took a class in Chinese. She found that some of the new vocabulary was difficult to learn because her earlier Japanese was competing with her Chinese words.

Proactive interference

Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?

Sleep spindles occur with greater frequency in individuals who experience night terrors.

Kelly, a first-year student at a local university, is surprised at how easily she can locate the building and classroom for each of her classes on the first day of school. Kelly attributes her success to the campus tour she took the previous spring. Which of the following concepts best supports Kelly's belief?

Spontaneous Recovery

Which of the following assertions is best supported by empirical evidence?

The two cerebral hemispheres are specialized to process different types of cognitive tasks

to stop his uncle's constant requests, Jimmy takes out the garbage. This makes him more likely to take out the garbage in the future. Jimmy's behavior is being controlled by which of the following types of reinforcement?

Vicarious

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Wernicke's area

Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the

cerebellum

Which of the following psychoactive drugs increases nervous system activity?

cocaine

A mental image of a spatial layout is called

cognitive map

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgements about the distance objects are from her?

linear perspective

A psychologist gives the same test to a class of students at the beginning of the day and again at the end of the school day. the extent to which test scores are similar across two administrations demonstrates which of the following test properties?

reliability

An individual's recall tends to be better for information that is personally relevant primarily due to which of the following phenomena?

self-reference effect

Which of the following would a social learning theorist be most likely to propose as a cause for a fear of flying?

A person observed someone else's fear of flying

Gustav was out for his walk when he was approached by a thief who demanded his wallet. He immediately felt an increase in his breathing and heart rate. Which of the following accurately describes Gustav's physiological response?

Alarm Reaction

During therapy sessions, Gerryś therapist often rephrases things that Gerry has said or asks for clarification. This action is consistent with what aspect of client-centered therapy?

active listening

Heidi was trying to solve the anagram TORYS by rearranging every letter one at a time until she was able to identify the correct word: STORY. She could have attempted to solve the anagram more quickly by paring common letters, like ST, but she did not do so. Her approach to solving the anagram involved

an algorithm

The process by which one evaluates the causes of other people's behavior is called

attribution

According to the five-factor model of personality, which of the following is true?

cognitive and behavioral factors affect the five major personality states.

Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?

color constancy

A teacher creates a test that will predict how well a student will do as a commercial airline pilot. The test is taken before the training, and then the teacher correlates the test score to the number of safe flying hours. The teacher is trying to determine whether the test has

criterion-related validity

Which of the following is reduced during a flight-or-flight reaction?

digestion

Chuck is walking down the street and someone asks him to sign a petition to clean-air legislation on the next ballot. He decides to sign the petition. Then the persons asks whether he would like to give s donation to the associated environmental group. This technique is known as

foot in the door

Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?

her cones cannot detect color well in dim light

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Maryś perseverance in the program is the that exercise.

increases her level of endorphins

When Sophie reads her history assignments, she goes over very carefully and tries to memorize each fact. Emma, on the other hand, studies by trying to relate the new information to things she has experienced, been told about Emmaś performance on history tests will probably be better that Sophieś due to differences in

levels of processing

Dr. Grayson is interested in studying the relationship between weight loss and mood. To conduct the study, Dr. Grayson analyzes the results of several previous studies on weight loss and emotional state. Which research strategy is Dr. Grayson using?

meta-analysis

A critical component for labeling a person's behavior as abnormal is that the behavior must

not be under the voluntary control of the person

(This question contains a graph that I can't put on, but I'll explain it to the best of my ability) It's a graph of Aggressive Behavior to Exposure to media violence. There is an increasing positive correlation. As exposure increases, aggressive behavior increases. Which of the following provides an effective explanation for the data above?

observational learning

Maria was never afraid of spiders until a spider bit her when she was eight. Today, even the sight of a plastic spider upsets her. Which of the following learning processes best explains Maria's fear of spiders?

operant conditioning

angry with his professor because of a difficult exam, Martin returns home and takes his anger out on his best friend. Martin's behavior indicates

projection

Which of the following is a statistical approach concerned with forming conclusions about the effect of the independent variable on variations in the dependant variable?

qualitative

Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. she immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detect the smell of the cookies. This can be explained by which of the following?

sensory adaption

When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste?

sensory interaction

The first time four-year-old Savannah attempted to make her bed, her father praised her for covering the pillow with the blanket. After a few times, her father began praising Savannah for covering the pillows and tucking in the corners of the sheet. Finally, Savannah's father praised her for covering the pillows and tucking in the corners of the sheet, and Smoothed the blanket. The process described in this scenario is known as

shaping

systematic desensitization is most likely to be use in the treatment of which of the following?

specific phobia disorder

According to Sigmund Freud, the personality structure that reflects moral values is the

superego

One of the difficulties in studying hypnosis experimentally is that

there is no reliable way to determine if a person is hypnotized