2.2 Network Devices & Software Defined Networking

Hub

"Multi-port repeater" -Traffic going in one port is repeated to every other port -Everything is half duplex -Very inefficient as network traffic increase

Cable Modem

Broadband Communication -Multiple frequencies of traffic being transmitted over a single wire -Video Signals (TV), Phone Lines, Internet Data Data on the "cable network" -DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)

Patch Panel

Combination of punch-down blocks and RJ-45 connectors -Runs from desks are made once -Permanently punched down to patch panel Patch panel to switch can be easily changed -No special tools -Use existing cables

ONT (Optical Network Terminal)

Fiber (Terminal is Needed) -Connects the ISP fiber network to the copper network (home network) -Demarcation Point (demarc) --Demarc point is the physical point where the public switches telephone network ends and the personal network begins

Access Points

Not a Wireless Router -Provides a link between the wireless network and the wired network -"Bridge" or Extending the wired network onto the wireless network -Makes forwarding decisions based on destination MAC address

PoE Standards

PoE: IEEE 802.3af -Original PoE specification -15.4 watts DC power, 350 mA max current PoE+: IEEE 802.3at -25.5 watts DC power, 600 mA max current PoE++: IEEE 802.3bt -51 W (Type 3), 600 mA max current -71.3 W (Type 4), 960 mA max current -Used for 10 Gig devices

PoE Switch

Power over Ethernet -Commonly marked on the switch or interfaces

Firewalls

Purpose: Filters traffic by IP & port numbers -OSI Layer 4 Device -Some firewalls can filter based on the application data (OSI Layer 7 Firewall) -Some firewalls can act as an end point & encrypt traffic into/out of the network -Some firewalls can act as a proxy --Essentially acts as the middle man and if the traffic is okay then it sends it to the user (Browser/Internet) -Has routing capability, therefore can be a OSI Layer 3 Device

PoE (Power over Ethernet)

Purpose: Provides a singular wire for both network and electricty -Phones, Cameras, Wireless Access Points -Useful in difficult-to-power areas Power is typically provided at the switch -Built-in power (Endspans) If switch does not support PoE, then you need something in the middle -In-line power injector (Midspans)

Routers

Routers are a device that forwards traffic between different IP subnets -Routers use the IP address to determine what the next hop might be on the way to the destination -Routers take place in the OSI 3rd Layer -Routers can be inside switches (Layer 3 Switches) -Routers connect different types of networks together

Switch

Switches determine where the packet should go based on the destination MAC address -Bridging done in the hardware -Switches can forward traffic at a very high speed -(ASIC) Application-specific integrated circuit allows for high-speed throughput -Many switches will add additional power using (POE) Power over Ethernet -Multilayer Switch (Layer 3 Switch) (Has routing capability)

NIC (Network Interface Card)

The fundamental network device -Every device on the network has a NIC

SDN (Software Defined Networking)

The idea of taking network infrastructure devices and changing them to a software-based platform to be used in the loud Three Layers: 1: Infrastructure Layer/ Data Plane -Process Network Frames and Packets -Forwarding, trunking, encrypting, NAT (Network Address Translation) 2: Control Layers/ Control Plane -Manages the actions of the data plane -Routing tables, session tables, NAT tables -Dynamic Routing Protocol Updates 3: Application Layers / Management Plane -Configure and manage the device -SSH, SNMP, API

DSL Modem

Utilizes ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) -Uses telephone lines -Download speed is faster than the upload speed

Managed Switch

VLAN Support -Interconnect with other switches via 802.1Q (VLAN) -Traffic prioritization -Voice traffic gets a higher priority Redundancy support -Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) External management -Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Port mirroring -Capture packets

Unmanaged Switch

Very few configuration options -Plug and play Fixed configuration -No VLANs -Very little integration with other devices -No management protocols (No SNMP) -Low price point -Simple is less expensive