2228_KIN332_01 EXAM 1
TRUE OR FALSE: The SSCM model was built on two theories, using no other models of communication, media, or information proposed from individuals across various disciplines over the years
False
TRUE OR FALSE: The most often-used form of communication by all individuals in sport is interpersonal communication
False
TRUE OR FALSE:Sports public relations professionals rely solely on media to deliver their messages to fans because they cannot reach them directly through their own content, which is only produced for media
False
Marquee men's college basketball coaches like John Calipari (Kentucky) and Mike Krzyewski (Duke) regularly wear high-end suits to all games they coach, In doing so, their attire communicates through which form of nonverbal communication
Physical characteristics
For which popular African-American daily newspaper did sportswriter Wendell Smith write?
Pittsburgh Courier
What process of interpersonal communication involves games, jokes, and casual talks with friends about sports and other interests
Play
TRUE OR FALSE: A coach nodding when a player asks if she should foul an opponent is an example of the nonverbal form of communication known as kinesics
True
TRUE OR FALSE: A convergence of job roles and a variety of skills are now required for many 21st century sport communication jobs, with many jobs also emphasizing the production of content for the Internet and social media
True
TRUE OR FALSE: ESPN has become by far the most dominant force in not only US. sport communication but also in all of U.S. sport because its channels own the rights to televise most major sporting events and leagues.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Positive attitudes often come from those who are optimistic and confident, and the ability to express these attributes is a key to effective interpersonal communication
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Posting a smiley face emoji on social media is an effective way of exhibiting positive feelings in this era
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Research cited in the text showed that 73% of the group sometimes referred to as Gen Z (those born after the mid-1990s) watch video content on their smartphone, 33 percent watch content on TV, and only 18 percent watch cable TV
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Sport leaders must also foster mutually beneficial partnerships with stakeholders, such as advertisers, other sport organizations, and media outlets
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The first regular sports pages in the United States appeared in newspapers published in New York City
True
TRUE OR FALSE: The use of symbols in the sport industry can also involve ritualized events-that is, formalized and repeated activities-such as the opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic Games, the seventh-inning stretch during baseball games, and the singing of the national anthem at many sporting events?
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Those involved with sport communication as sport media professionals or social media participants are often simultaneously senders and recipients (part of the audience).
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Unlike the 1920s and 1930s, today's sport journalism is marked by a more detached relationship between reporters and sources
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Wearing an official NFL team jersey to a high school football game is an example of interpersonal communication
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Whereas sport was influenced primarily by network television in the 1950s through the 1970s, its reach was expanded exponentially in the late 1970s and 1980s by cable television, especially by ESPN
True
TRUE OR FALSE:Regardless of the form or audience, sport communicators interact with one another by sharing meaning
True
TRUE OR FALSE: American football was often ignored by newspapers until well after the golden age of sport
True or False
Even though its college football program averaged just seven wins per season from 2010-18, the Wall Street Journal estimated the _ football program to be worth than $1.1 billion in 2019
University of texas at austin
What is the number one reason for the recent explosion in sports television rights deals per ESPN sport business expert Daren Rovell?
Unlike other television shows, most sport programming is viewed live, making it more valuable to advertisers for commercials.
The _______ of communication involve theories that come in various shapes and sizes?
contexts, genres and processes
Remaining quiet and bowing your head at funeral is a way to _______ interactions in the use of nonverbal communication
contextualize
TRUE OR FALSE: As of 2019, there were only 12 universities with doctoral programs focusing specifically on sport communication
false
Which of these is an example of sport communication services and support?
sport advertising
TRUE OR FALSE: Dr. Carla Green Williams, who earned a PhD in sport administration, became the first female African American athletics director at an NCAA Division I Power Five conference member school when she was hired into that role at the University of Virginia.
true
TRUE OR FALSE: The terms sport communication, sport journalism, and sport media are often used interchangeably as degree and course titles in higher education, although sport communication is a more encompassing title for the academic field.
true
According to research cited in the text, both newspaper sports editors and television sports directors were most likely to rank which of these skills as the number one skill needed for a career in either media?
writing
In 2015, a gift from an alumnus and famed former ESPN broadcaster enabled _ University to create the Charley Steiner School of Sports Communication, the first school dedicated fully to the study of sport communication in the United States.
Bradely
________ is the theory that although mass media outlets may not have the power to tell audiences what to think, they do have the power to tell audiences what issues or events to think about?
Agenda setting and Framing
What is the minimum number of participants in small-group communication
3
TRUE OR FALSE In preparing for a job interview, your very first step should be to determine your exact salary demands
False
TRUE OR FALSE: A basketball player slapping high fives with his teammates is an example of intrapersonal communication
False
TRUE OR FALSE: All forms of entertainment and commerce have moved-at least in part-to the web and mobile technologies, but media and information have yet to do so
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Semantics refers to the study of the meaning of pictures or nonverbal communication
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Sport communication can be conceptualized as the process of producing and delivering messages to a massive group of media consumers but never to an audience of just one person.
False
TRUE OR FALSE: Teammates supporting each other with words of encouragement in a locker room closed to media would not fall under the SSCM model because media are not involved in that communicative process
False
_ _was the influential former president of ABC Sports who helped mastermind the regular showing of sports on primetime television and made the Olympics a television event
Roone Arledge
Learning at least one foreign language would be beneficial toward a high-level career in sport communication, with long-time tennis journalist Bud Collins specifically recommending that college students in the United States learn to speak _.
Spanish
Define sport communication
Sport communication is a process by which people-in sport, in a sport setting, or through a sport endeavor-share symbols as they create meaning through interaction.
Describe why communication skills are important for any position in the sport industry
Sport communication is key throughout the sport industry whether interpersonal, organization, mass mediated, or involving support services. Much like sport itself, the sport industry usually relies on teamwork, where effective communication and communication strategies are paramount to success. Revenue-generating sport organizations, leagues, and teams also must communicate effectively with publics and stakeholders.
The three dimensions of context are physical, social-psychological, and ______, which relates to time of the communication
Temporal
The deal the NBA signed with ESPN and Turner for rights to televise its games was worth how much money (USD) for the combined nine years
$24 billion
What are some types of news releases?
1. Game advance 2. news release 3.weekly review/preview
Who was the author, often touted as "the first important American sportswriter," of "The Four Horsemen of Notre Dame"
.Grantland Rice
List four key steps in preparing for and entering into professional sport communication.
1. self-evaluation 2. education 3. networking 4. experiential learning
In 2016, Plunkett Research estimated the size of the annual global sport industry at _.
1.3 billions
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, career opportunities in sport are projected to increase by nearly _percent between 2016 and 2026
10
The golden age of sport, sports writing, and the rise of sporting heroes occurred during which decade
1920s
Now the dominant force in U.S sport media, ESPN launched its first broadcast in ____.
1979
In 2016, Plunkett Research estimated the size of the annual sport industry in the United States at _
540 million
Per research by Wong (2014), from 2009 through 2014 what percentage of athletic directors hired at NCAA Division I programs had earned at least one graduate or terminal degree?
90 percent
Describe in detail the various components of one of the sport industry segmentation models cited and detailed in the text
A variety of sport segmentation models were discussed in the chapter. For example, Mullin, Hardy, and Sutton (2014) noted that market segments are formed largely on the basis of consumer wants and desires and that the four bases commonly used to determine segmentation by marketers are consumers' state of being (e.g., their demographic characteristics), consumers' state of mind, product benefits, and product usage.
Why is professional development important when preparing for a career in sport communication?
Although formal education and textbooks provide the framework for developing skills and expertise, effective education for sport communication must also involve internship, practicum, and volunteer experiences, which collectively can be dubbed, "professional development." It would be difficult for students to find initial employment in the sport industry without experiences and skills garnered from professional development on their resumes and portfolios. Further, internship and part-time employment supervisors often serve as the best professional references for students applying for positions in the sport industry, and some will actually hire back those former student interns and part-time workers when full-time positions open in their organizations.
What is an example of a print media wire service?
Associated PRess
What were some of the characteristics of the media coverage during the golden age of sports (1920s) in the United States?
Athletes and sportswriters gained iconic status; readers became obsessed with sport; golden-age sportswriters created champions by constructing images that elevated athletes to celebrity status and as heroes; writers embellished prose with metaphors, analogies, and other literary devices; article ledes were written with high drama and low factual content; descriptive and imaginative storytelling was paramount
Sport's popularity reached new heights in the United States after the Civil War, propelled by the development and rise of which team sport
Baseball
What is the acronym for the professional organization for college sports information directors?
COSIDA
List the three key components of the SSCM model and provide examples for each
Component 1 includes personal communication in sport (ie, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and small-group communication) and organizational communication in sport (ie, intraorganizational and interorganizational), Component 2 includes mediated sport communication (ie, sport mass media and emerging and social media in sport), Component 3 includes sport communication services and support (ex, integrated marketing communication in sport, public relations and crisis communication in sport, and sport communication research)
In 2019, what soccer star had more social media followers than any other athlete in the world?
Cristiano Ronaldo
This television satellite subscriber service now focuses much of its advertising toward sport fans, touting its programming and exclusive contract with the NFL to air its Sunday Ticket
Direct TV
TRUE OR FALSE: The terms sport management, sport administration, sport leadership, and sport journalism are often used interchangeably as titles for the same or related discipline and academic major
FAlSe
In 1951, Henry Ford created the weekly magazine Sports Illustrated
False
Which of the three major sport communication scholarly journals has been the most cited in academic research?
International Journal of Sport Communication
Why is the Inverted pyramid effective?
It Quickly delivers information readers are most likely to want and story is easy to trim if it is too long to fit in allotted space.
New, more lucrative television contracts and the $2 billion purchase of this historically bad NBA franchise by former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer in 2014 raised the average value of NBA teams by an estimated 72 percent in just one year.
Los Angeles clippers
Which of the following involve unmediated and interpersonal communication and are the channels through which interpersonal messages are sent
Means
This current ESPN employee essentially launched the business of covering the NFL Draft for media when he produced his first prospectus guide on the NFL draft while he was still a senior in high school, before the NFL draft was ever televised
Mel Kiper, Jr.
Define and describe the term muckraking
Muckraking is investigative reporting that focuses on prompting reforms in an increasingly modern and technological society, The dramatic flair of muckraking exposed societal problems with a critical yet optimistic tone
The NCAA often receives as much as 90 percent of its total revenue from television contracts to televise which of these?
NCAA men's Division I basketball tournament (i.e., March Madness
What is the name of the period between 1930 and 1950 when the American public began to question the importance and ethics of sportswriters?
Perspective
Former NFL commissioner _ was named the most powerful person in sport in the 20th century by Sporting News in large part due to his efforts to make the NFL a televised, media sport?
Pete Rozelle
The Sporting News posthumously named which legendary NFL commissioner, who helped create the Super Bowl, as the 20th century's most powerful person in sports?
Pete Rozelle
Whereas marketing focuses on exchanges, the key focus of sport public relations is to manage information flow between the sport organization and __?
Publics
Hand signals relayed from a quarterback to his wide receivers when playing a road game in front of a loud crowd serve as a _________of verbal communication
Substitute
This United States-based sport magazine, which had published regularly since 1886, stopped printing its weekly magazine in 2012, citing a desire to focus on its online content and annual preview magazines for various sports such as pro football and college football
The Sporting News
Define and provide an example of media gatekeepers in the SSCM process
The gatekeeper is an editor who, through subjective and value-based judgments, selects the news stories published by media,In this model, gatekeepers include or exclude stories based on what they consider to be important.
There were 670 million worldwide tweets related to which sporting event in 2019, in which the United States defeated the Netherlands
The women's World Cup
What is the principle reason people generally engage in interpersonal communication
To Relate
Identify some of the new sport-related jobs available in web-based communication and social media listed in the text.
Website design, multimedia project management, social media coordinator, social media strategist
Provide the two meanings of the "convergence" of the mass media in modern sport communication.
a) Convergence refers to the increasingly overlapping relationships between media entities due to corporate consolidation. (b) As a result, it also refers to the variety of multimedia skills increasingly required of nearly all individuals who work in any aspect of the sport industry.
The __________theory notes that audience members react to mass media and seek to use the mass media for specific purposes based on their individual unique characteristics, social categories, and relationships?
agenda setting, powerful effects, two-step flow, uses and gratifications
Of the 21 university athletic programs that earned at least $125 million in revenue during the 2016-17 academic year, 16 of those schools competed in two conferences: the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the _.
big ten conference
Which NFL team was the most valuable sport team in the United States in 2018, per Forbes' data analysis?
dallas cowboys
Sports editors are often dubbed the media's _ because they determine what gets covered by a given newspaper or magazine and what does not appear in print
gatekeepers
Which type of communication done with the self
intrapersonal communication
List the three direct communication forms in sport
intrapersonal, interpersonal, and small group
In sport communication, there are senders (communicators) and __________ (audience)?
listeners, context, recipients, servers
The lightning bolt for Gatorade and the Olympic rings are both examples of what form of symbol used in the sport industry
material manifestation
The__________ in interpersonal communication is/are the expression of thoughts and feelings of communicators
messages
The final critical skill for effective interpersonal communication is _________, which involves proficiency in conveying and understanding messages by communicating about the communication
metacommunication
Throughout the 20th century, a majority of sport communication jobs in the United States were in this medium.
newspapers
Scholars are increasingly using which theoretical framework for research to examine social media usage and interactions?
parasocial interaction
From 1950 to 1970, sport print journalists modified their style and content to compete with and account for the new medium of ______
television
Which type of mass media in the United States has traditionally been recognized as the most influential?
television
What largely fuels the growth of the professional and major college sport industries in the United States and are the best indicators of growth in media sport coverage?
television contracts and rights deals