2nd set Ch 13,14,15,16
patrilineal
A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a _____ society. matrilocal bilateral matrilineal patrilineal
is found in all cultures
A cultural universal is something that:
often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals
A sect: has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals is another term for a cult All of the above
polyandry
A woman being married to two men would be an example of: monogamy polygyny polyandry cohabitation
Despair
According to Erik Erikson's theory on aging, what is the final hurdle that most people who reach old age must overcome?
grade inflation
According to sociologist Bette Woody in the video lesson, introducing high standards in education and enforcing such standards are ways to combat _____________. grade inflation biased testing discipline problems none of the above
a single parent
According to the study cited by the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grow up with more advantages than children who live with: divorced parent a single parent a grandparent all of the above
lifelong
According to the video lesson ____________, learning is more important in today's society because the pace of change is so rapid. skill technology lifelong retrain
ageism
According to the video lesson, ___________ refers to prejudice, discrimination, and hostility directed toward someone because of age--either young or old.
rites of passage
According to the video lesson, ____________ are ceremonies that mark the transition from one phase of life to another.
group
According to the video lesson, faith-based charitable organizations are example of a __________ within the social institution of religion.
racially or ethnically mixed
According to the video lesson, often in ______________ families the people must work on reconciling differing ethnic heritages and values.
all of the above (separation of church, mixing politics and religion, the role of women in religion)
According to the video lesson, one of the challenges to the social institution of religion involves _____________.
age cohort
According to the video lesson, people born between the years 1950 and 1954 would be members of an _____________.
value
According to the video lesson, social justice is a ______________ within the social institution of religion.
intergenerational
According to the video lesson, the ______________ family has several generations living in the same household.
life expectancy
According to the video lesson, the average number of years a member of a given population can expect to live beyond his or her present age is called _____________.
hidden curriculum
According to the video lesson, the informal, subtle social norms that we learn from education are sometimes referred to as the ____________. primary functions of education hidden curriculum hidden agenda unwritten curriculum
religion
According to the video lesson, the social institution of _______________ provides us with guidance when it comes to explanations of life and death.
moral communities
According to the video lesson, the social institution of religion often creates ____________ where we feel comfortable and where life seems livable.
nuclear
According to the video lesson, traditionally, the _______ family consists of parents and their children.
Pastor
According to the video lesson, which of the following is NOT an example of a group or organization that serves the social institutions of religion?
Death of spouse
According to the video lesson, which of the following is NOT an explanation for the increasing numbers of single-parent families?
All of the above.
According to the video lesson, which of the following is a reason sociologists are interested in studying teenage parents/families?
Defining the family unit
According to the video lesson, which of the following would NOT be a function of the social institution of education? Teaching basic literacy Teaching specialized skills Passing on knowledge from one generation to the next Defining the family unit
Functionalist
According to the video lesson, which sociological perspective examines how the components of a society work together?
norms
According to the video lesson, within the social institution of education, ___________ provide guidance for behavior. values norms needs roles
roles
According to the video lesson, worshippers perform specific __________ within the social institution of religion.
social promotion
Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called _________. affirmative action social control social promotion socialization
Medicaid being in danger of going bankrupt
America's baby boomer generation has contributed to all of the following except:
disengagement
An older man retires from his job, stops golfing, and cancels his newspaper subscription. After his wife dies, he lives alone, loses touch with his children, and stops seeing old friends. His situation most closely illustrates the _______theory.
activity
An older woman retires and completely changes her life. She is no longer raising children or working. However, she joins the YWCA to swim everyday. She serves on the Friends of the Library board. She is part of a neighborhood group that plays Bunco on Saturday nights. Her situation most closely illustrates the ____theory. activity continuity disengagement gerotranscendence
the act of entering into marriage while still married to another person
Bigamy:
more likely
Children of divorced parents are ___________ to divorce in their own marriage than children of parents who stayed married.
They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.
Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why? They are scored in a way that is subject to human error They do not give children wit learning disabilities a fair chance to demonstrate their true intelligence. They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture. They don't involve enough test items to cover multiple intelligences.
perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status
Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ____________. challenge gifted students perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status help students who need additional support teach respect for authority
slightly less likely than
Couples who cohabitate before marriage are ______ couples who did not cohabitate before marriage to be married at least ten years. far more likely than far less likely than slightly less likely than equally as likely as
steadily decreasing
Current divorce rates are:
the typical sequence of events in their lives
For individual people of a certain culture, the life course is _____. the average age they will die the lessons they must learn the length of a typical bereavement period the typical sequence of events in their lives
all of the above
Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _____________. families society the individual all of the above
Self-governing public schools that have signed agreements with state governments to improve students when poor performance is revealed on tests required by the No Child Left Behind Act
How do charter schools compare to public schools in terms of performance
A legally recognized contract between two people in a sexual relationship who have an exception of permanence about their relationship
How does the text define marriage
Finland built its excellent, efficient, and equitable educational system in a few decades from scratch, and the concept guiding almost every educational reform has been equity. There is an emphasis on allocating resources for those who need them most, high standards, support for special needs students, and qualified teachers.
How is Finland's education system different than the U.S.?
5
How many pillars are essential to the Islamic faith?
Caregivers
If elderly people suffer abuse, it is most often perpetrated by ____. spouses Caregivers Lawyers Strangers
A teaching that everyone should be treated kindly.
If someone who follows the teaching of Confucius mentions the word jen, they are referring to:
Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage.
If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, what can be concluded from their study?
overcoming despair to achieve integrity
In Erik Erikson's developmental stage of life, with which challenge must older people struggle? overcoming despair to achieve integrity overcoming role confusion to achieve identity overcoming isolation to achieve intimacy overcoming shame to achieve autonomy
high-conflict
In general, children in ______ households benefit from divorce. stepfamily multigenerational high-conflict low-conflict
live a few years longer
In most countries, elderly women ___________than elderly men.
Infants(children less than one year old)
In reference to child abuse, which age group is the most victimized population?
continued to gradually rise
In the United States, life expectancy rates in recent decades have____. continued to gradually rise gone up and down due to global issues such as military conflicts lowered as health care improves stayed the same since the mid- 1960's
China
In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced?
All of the above (Religious have a complex and integrated set of norms,Religions practices and beliefs are related to societal values, Religions often meet several basic needs)
In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution?
refers to the learning of cultural norms
Informal learning _____.
universal access
Jackson lives in rural Chile, and is the son of a poor farmer. The nearest school is 50 miles away, and he has no means to get there. What does the educational system in Jackson's country lack? formal education informal education universal access latent functions
Symbolic interactionism
Kara has behavioral problems as a young child. As she goes through school, she is labeled "troubled," and told she will never amount to anything. Kara, though intelligent, decides to "live down" to this expectation. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in studying Kara's experience? Symbolic interactionism Conflict theory Functionalism Feminist theory
socioeconomic status and family background
Key predictors for student success include ______________. how many school-age siblings the student has socioeconomic status and family background the age of the student when she or he enters kindergarten how many students attend the school
Cultural capital
Malik grew up in an affluent household which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors, and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of: Grade inflation Cultural capital Tracking The education gap
Taiosm
Many people are familiar with the yin-yang symbol. From which religion does this come?
shared by Christianity and Islam
Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are:
systems, where it is customary for the husband to live with his wife's blood relatives (or her family of orientation),
Matrilocal residence:
South Korea
Megachurches have become popular in certain parts of the United States. Where else in the world are megachurches widely popular?
when someone is married to only one person at a time
Monogamy:
Church and State
On any given day, there is often a story about prayer in schools in the news. For decades people have disagreed over the constitutionality of prayer in schools. This controversy is a great example of the tension between:
system it is customary for the wife to live with (or near) her husband's blood relatives (or family or orientation)
Patrilocal residence:
racial segregation in schools was allowed
Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that __________. racial segregation in schools was allowed separate schools for black and white students were unconstitutional students do not have a right to free speech in public schools students have a right to free speech in public schools
being married to more than one person at a time
Polygamy:
A man who is married to more than one woman at the same time
Polygyny is:
at least as close
Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is _______ than the family they grew up with. less close more close at least as close none of the above
transmission of moral education
Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________________. a latent function a manifest function informal education transmission of moral education
1
Same-sex couple households account for _____ percent of U.S. households 1 10 15 30
Polytheism
Sanchita worships three different and separate gods. Her religion falls into which category?
Specialized field of gerontology that examines the social aspects of aging
Social Gerontology:
liberation theology
Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as: the protestant work ethic conflict management liberation theology justice work
how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption
Sociologists tend to define family in terms of how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption the connection of bloodlines the status roles that exist in a family structure how closely members adhere to social norms
A functionalist
Some believe that religion is important because it adds meaning to people's lives and provides answers to difficult questions. A sociologist following which theory would agree with this statement?
Scientology and the Hare Krishna
Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include: Scientology and the Hare Krishna the Peoples Temple and Heaven's Gate the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family Quakers and Pentecostals
110
Supercentenarians are people who are ____ and older.
death and dying
Thanatology is the study of___. life expectancy biological aging death and dying adulthood
the increasing percentage of the population over sixty five years old
The "graying of the United States" refers to _______.
capitalism
The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to: evolution and natural selection capitalism determinism prejudice and discrimination
Talmud; Torah
The ___________ records Jewish interpretations of the _____________ which is their sacred text.
Declared that state laws that had established separate schools for black and white students were unequal and unconstitutional
The court case Brown v. Board of Education: Set precedent for universal access to education in the United States Allowed racial segregation in schools and private businesses Declared that affirmative action was legal Declared that state laws that had established separate schools for black and white students were unequal and unconstitutional
ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion
The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is:
two-parent households
The majority of U.S. children live in:
sex ratio
The measure that compares the number of men to women in a population is ________.
increased for both men and women
The median age of first marriage has ______in the last fifty years
The learning of academic facts and concepts.
The term formal education is defined by the text as: Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society. The education one receives at a private school, parochial school, or private college. An education that is accompanied by a tutor at all times. The learning of academic facts and concepts.
Classifying students based on academic merit or potential
The term sorting can be defined as: The use of education to improve one's social standing. A formalized system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities The process by which students are allowed to choose their own classes based on interest. Classifying students based on academic merit or potential
Grade inflation
To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B, is now considered an A). This is known as: GPA debt Systematic grading Academic bribing Grade inflation
increasing
Today in the United States the poverty rate of the elderly is_____. lower than at any point in history increasing decreasing the same as that of the general population
They teach us how a family on screen can represent the values of the era in which they aired
Watching television shows can be a good way to understand and study families because:
Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist
What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church? Catholic and Jewish Jehovah's Witnesses and Presbyterians Scientology and Hare Krishna Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist
Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological mistreatment, and medical neglect.
What are the different forms of child abuse?
The young old (65 to 74 years old) The middle old (75 to 84 years old) The old-old (over age of 85)
What are the different phases of aging?
resources and money
What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world? resources and money student interest teacher interest transportation
Patrineal: follows the father's line only Matrilineal: follows the mother's side only Ambilineal: follows either father's or mother's side only depending on the situation
What are the three types of unilateral descent
Religion was very influential over the economy and the habits of workers.
What correlation between religion and society did Max Weber see and study?
overruled this, declaring that state laws that had established separate schools for black and white students were, in fact, unequal and unconstitutional
What did the case Brown v. Board of Education do?
This case was brought on the behalf of seven school-age children with special needs who argued that the school board was denying their access to free public education. This case was resolved in a hearing without any trial. The judge, Joseph Cornelius Waddy, upheld the students' right to education, finding that they were to be given either public education services or private education paid for by the Washington, D.C., board of education.
What did the case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia do?
allowed racial segregation in schools and private businesses (the casedealt specifically with railroads) and introduced the much maligned phrase "separate but equal" into theUnited States lexicon
What did the case Plessy v. Ferguson do
All of the above
What do Christianity and Islam have in common? Both believe in a single supreme God. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts. Both believe in an afterlife. All of the above
they recruit top teachers.
What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common? they are all in Asia. they recruit top teachers. they spend more money per student. they use cutting-edge technology in classrooms
They passed the Brown Vs. Board of Education which allowed students of different skin color attend one school together and public places so there will be no more discrimination.
What does the U.S. do to produce educational equality
People living to be 100 years old
What does the term centenarians mean?
The act of a couple sharing a residence while they are not married
What does the term cohabitation mean?
Violence that occurs between individuals who maintain a romantic or sexual relationship
What does the term intimate partner violence mean?
continued to gradually rise
What has happened to life expectancy in the U.S. in recent decades
A field of science that seeks to understand the process of aging and the challenges encountered as seniors grow older
What is Gerontology?
The use of church to promote social change via the political arena
What is Liberation Theology?
The study of Death and Dying
What is Thanatology?
A family consisting of a couple and their children from this and all previous relationships
What is a blended family
It is the comparison of working people to non-working people.
What is a dependency ratio?
It shows projected age distribution patterns for the next several decades
What is a population pyramid?
Multiple generations live in a household such as grandparents, parents, great grandparents, and children all live together
What is an intergenerational family
Cultural knowledge that serves as currency to help one navigate a culture
What is cultural capital
the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago
What is grade inflation?
Refers to the type of nonacademic knowledge the students learn through informal learning and cultural transmission
What is meant by the concept hidden curriculum
Classifying students based on academic merit or potential
What is sorting
A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status.
What is the Head Start Program? A teaching method which equips students to regurgitate facts in order to do well on standardized tests. A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status. A state mandate that determines the eligibility of students who expect to attend college. A curriculum which requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding.
Family orientation refers to the family into which a person is born while family of procreation describes one that is formed through marriage.
What is the difference between a "family of procreation" and a "family of orientation
Bilateral traces a kingship through both parents' ancestral lines and unilateral traces kingship through one parent only
What is the difference between bilateral descent and unilateral descent
Cults and sects are both small groups but sects are a breakaway group that may be in tension with larger society as cults gradually progress to levels of greater size and organization.
What is the difference between cults, sects?
Formal education describes the learning of academic facts and concepts through a formal curriculum. Informal education describes learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors by participating in a society.
What is the difference between formal and informal education
Polytheism: Multiple gods Monotheism: Single god Atheism: No deities Animism: Nonhuman beings (animals, plants, natural world) Totemism: Human-natural being connection
What is the differences between polytheism, monotheism, atheism, animism and totemism?
A set of predictable steps and patterns families experience over time
What is the family life cycle?
37
What is the median age of the United States?
industrialization
What is the primary driver of modernization theory? industrialization aging conflicts interactions
Men and women who are married experience less abuse, than those who are separated or cohabitating
What is the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marriage?
A formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced vs. low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities
What is tracking
Noble Truths
What name do Buddhists give to their four basic rules?
sorting
What term describes the separation of students based on merit? cultural transmission social control sorting hidden curriculum
Tracking
When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as: Tracking Grade inflation Feminism Manifest function
Liberation Theology
When Rosa and Sergei realized that the poor were being neglected in their city, they mobilized the members of their synagogue to send letters to the government asking them to fix the growing rate of poverty, or at least, fund the citizens so they might help their neighbors. This is an example of:
Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles
Which assertion about aging in men would be made by a sociologist following the functionalist perspective? Men view balding as representative of a loss of strength Men tend to have better retirement plans than women Men have life expectancies three to five years shorter than women Men who remain active after retirement play supportive community roles
being frail to the point of dependency on care
Which factor most increases the risk of an elderly person suffering mistreatment? bereavement due to widowhood Having been abusive as a younger adult being frail to the point of dependency on care the ability to bestow a large inheritance on survivors
Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities.
Which is one reason that sociologists cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties?
Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms
Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share? Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms Emphasis on religion as providing social support Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life None of the above
Geographic distribution of male and female students
Which of the following does NOT account for the differences in the educational system from country to country? Financial resources from the government and population Geographic distribution of male and female students Value placed on education Amount of time devoted to education
Social networks
Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education? Socialization Social control Social placement Social networks
Mandatory tutoring
Which of the following is NOT a method used within the United States to produce educational equality? Charter schools Mandatory tutoring Bussing Head Start
Elderly people lose all appetite and drive for sex.
Which of the following is NOT true about old age?
Religion is a symbol of high culture.
Which of the following is NOT true of the sociological perspective on religion?
It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages.
Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model? It is too broad and accounts for too many aspects of family. It is too narrowly focused on a sequence of stages. It does not serve a practical purpose for studying family behavior. It is not based on comprehensive research.
courtship
Which of the following is not a manifest function of education? cultural innovation courtship social placement socialization
Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol.
Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)? IPV victims are more frequently men than women. One in ten women is a victim of IPV. Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol. Rape is the most common form of IPV.
Conflict theory
Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity? Symbolic interactionism Conflict theory Functionalism None of the above.
Symbolic Interactionism
Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual's sense of support and well-being?
Functional perspective
Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly?
Conflict theory
Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?
The Bible
Which text is considered sacred to Christians of all sects?
symbolic interactionism
Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process? conflict theory feminist theory functionalist theory symbolic interactionism
conflict theory
Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?
Washington State, Oregon, and Montana
Which three states allow some form of physician-assisted suicide?
Sacred; profane
Which two words did Émile Durkheim use to distinguish between religious objects and non-religious objects?
neglect
Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States?
Cohort born between 1946 and 1964, now reaching their 60s. It is the first group of children and teenagers with their own spending power and marketing power
Who are "baby boomers"?
Women
Who is the primary victim of intimate partner violence?
Elisabeth Kubler-Rose
Who wrote the book on Death and Dying, outlining the five stages of grief?
symbolic interactionism
You are interested, like Durkheim, in how ordinary objects become sacred. Which theoretical approach will help you most in analyzing the data you collect?
social placement
because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. this is an example of..
cultural transmission
learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of..
per-student spending is equitable
public schools must guarantee that...
access to education
the 1972 case Mills vs. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for...
age stratification
the age of Discrimination in Employment Act counteracts which theory ? modernization conflict disengagement age stratification
commit suicide
veterans are two to four times more likely to _____ as people who did not serve in the military. be a victim of elder abuse commit suicide be concerned about financial stresses be abusive towards care providers
tracking
what term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?
speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age 65
which action reflects ageism ? Enabling WWII veterans to visit war memorials speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age 65 believing that older people drive too slowly living in a culture where elders are respected
functional perspective
which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly? Functional perspective Symbolic interactionist perspective Conflict perspective Feminist perspective
