3 American History Test

Describe slavery in the Chesapeake

- based on tobacco, later to indigo and cotton -African slave labor -wealth came to whites becasue large scale cheap labor -presence of slaves created large economic gap between wealthy and poor farmers

how did domestic slave trade affect slavery?

- separating families -spreading out of slaves - weakening slave community and security -immense human suffering

The Erie Canal?

-Enabled New York to dominate Trade -linked Atlantic coastal cities to more transplantation states -Many died in the construction

Market Revolution in America?

-Result of Industrial revolution -Increased Economic strength of the North -also influenced by the need of national mobility that was made apparent during the war of 1812

How did federal gov restrict free Blacks?

-limititng freedoms -placed restrictions on both free and enslaved -no voting -no jury duty - restrictions on travel - marriage

Who were the Yeoman Farmers?

-modest farm with mostly family labor -honest, hardworking, virtuous, indipendent

1820s to meet the demand for cheap labor, congress enacted which policies?

1824 - Congress levied a new tax of 35% on higher-grade woolen and cotton textiles, imported iron goods, and various agricultural products. - 1828 - Congress increased the textile duty to 50%.

Charles Finney

American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. He has been called The Father of Modern Revivalism.[1] Finney was best known as an innovative revivalist during the period 1825-1835 in upstate New York and Manhattan, an opponent of Old School Presbyterian theology, an advocate of Christian perfectionism, and a religious writer. Together with several other evangelical leaders, his religious views led him to promote social reforms, such as abolition of slavery and equal education for women and African Americans. From 1835 he taught at Oberlin College of Ohio, which accepted all genders and races. He served as its second president from 1851 to 1866, during which its faculty and students were activists for abolition, the Underground Railroad, and universal education.

Describe Chief Justice John Marshall's position regarding the Cherokees and the state of Georgia

Georgia had no rights to enforce state laws in its territory.

Why did cities like Pittsburgh, Cincinatti, and New Orleans grow so rapidly in the 1830s?

they were the points at which goods had to be transferred from one mode of transportation to another, which led to a lot of commerce and wealth exchange in this area

Federal gov role in slavery expansion

tried to resolve conflict using compromises like the missouri compromise, but this created more of a sectional divide between the North and South

who were the workers who had the safest working conditions?

Casual Workers

European observers of American democracy generally agreed what about America?

Democracy was inherently unworkable

How did the Whigs differ from the Democrats?

Democrats vs. Whigs: Democrats believed that government should leave business alone, neither helping nor hindering it. This philosophy is known as laissez faire. This way the people would not be burdened with taxes to support big business, and everybody who wasn't too lazy or too ignorant would be able to take care of himself. The Whigs believed government should protect industry with tariffs on imports, with grants of monopolies, with construction of harbors and railroads, with a national banking system. This had appeal to northern industrialists and farmers who needed railroads or other help getting their produce to market. This did not have appeal to most common people because they did not want to pay more taxes to support big business and they did not want to pay higher prices for what they bought because of the tariff. Southern planters supported the Whig party because they believed it provided better law and order. They thought too many of the common people of the north who supported the Democrats were rabble who endangered law and order.

Labor Unions fought for

Higher wages and Safer working conditions

what was the Waltham Plan?

Hiring and chaperoning of unmarried female workers (often working in textiles) who were paid less than their male counterparts. The unmarried women needed the money and he needed workers, seemingly mutually beneficial, but obviously a marginalization of women, but at the time this was a leap for women.

Head of the African Methodist Episcopal Church?

Richard Allen

Why did Ralph Waldo Emerson encourage listeners and readers to seek transcendence to a higher reality?

TO celebrate indivdualism and embrace the American Spririt

Why did civic leaders throughout the Northeast copy the Erie Canal?

To compete with the trade that was occurring

How did Walt Whitman go beyond Emerson's teaching?

Waldo Emerson is truly the center of the American transcendental movement, setting ... Perhaps the most powerful personal influence on him and wrote poetry

What was Margaret Fuller's greatest contribution to transcendental philosophy?

belief that men and women were equally capable of transcendence

Most Americans blamed which political party for the depression of 1837-1843?

democratic

Why is the presidential election of 1824 the last stand of the notables?

elections after 1824 would be dominated by modern parties with broad social bases.

Andrew Jacksons Legacy

he weakened the union and advocated states rights?

what was the spoils system?

is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory

In the election of 1828, Andrew Jackson drew support from what groups?

northeastern manufacturers.

why were machine tools significant?

standardization of parts led to more precise and efficient means of production