3. Exam 2019_De 2 (10Q-tm *)

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10.Which of the following information would you expect to be the most useful to perform a defect clustering analysis? K2 1 credit a. The defect removal efficiency information b. The trend in the lag time from defect reporting to resolution c. The lifecycle phase in which the defect has been introduced d. The defect component information

16.Assume you are a Test Manager involved in system testing of a CRM application for a Pay-TV company. Currently the application is able to support a proper number of users assuring the required responsiveness. Since the business is expected to grow, you have been asked to evaluate the ability of the application to grow to support more users while maintaining the same responsiveness. Which of the following tools would you expect to be the most useful at performing this evaluation? K2 1 credit a. Coverage tools b. Static analysis tools c. Performance tools d. Test management tools

2.Which of the following statements about the STEP test process improvement model is true? K2 1 credit a. In the STEP model, testware design occurs after coding b. In the STEP model, tests validate the requirements and use cases when they are developed c. The STEP model assures that the system requirements specification and the test design specification processes don't overlap d. The STEP model stresses defect detection and demonstration of capability, whereas the defect prevention is a secondary potential goal of testing

20. Which of the following answers describes a factor that may reduce the effort spent when using distributed test teams without negatively affecting system quality? K2 1 credit a. With several distributed test teams, two or more teams assume some test conditions are covered by their team and their team alone. But all of the teams actually cover them b. Difficulties in communication between the distributed test teams due to time zone differences c. With several distributed test teams, every team assumes that some test conditions are covered by other teams but actually no one covers them d. With several distributed test teams, all of the distributed test teams use a single unified test dashboard

21.Which of the following factors could negatively influence a review? K2 1 credit a. Include people with the adequate level of knowledge, both technical and procedural b. Include people who are detail-oriented and scrupulous at finding issues c. Include people able to contribute to a clear, thoughtful, constructive and objective discussion d. Include as many people as possible in order to have more viewpoints about possible problems on the item under review

22. Your test team consists of four members (Mary, Bob, Mark, Dave) with different interpersonal skills. The following skills assessment spreadsheet shows the characteristics of the team members with respect to a list of interpersonal-skills (for each characteristic only the member with the highest level of that characteristic is indicated and marked with 'X'): table below: Interpersonal Skill - marry- bob - mark- dave individualistic (= bob) unorthodox (= bob) brilliant, creative, strong intellectual power (= bob) disciplined, dutiful (= marry) hard wworking (= marry) communicative (= marry) polite (= marry) collaborative (= marry) dynamic (= dave) open-minded (= dave) result-oriented (= dave) fights idleness and inefficiency, exerts pressure (= dave) single-minded (= mark) self-minded (= mark) dedicated and uncommunicative (= mark) On the next project a member of your test team will have to perform some routine tasks requiring collaboration with other teams. Who in your test team would you expect to be most suitable at doing these tasks? K4 3 credits A Mary B Bob C Mark D Dave

30.The following are the exit criteria described in the test plan of a software product: EX1. The test suite for the product must ensure that at least each quality risk item is covered by at least one test case (a quality risk item can be covered by more test cases). EX2. All test cases in the test suite must be run during the execution phase. EX3. Defects are classified into two categories: "C" (critical defect) and "NC" (non-critical defect). No known C defects shall exist in the product at the end of the test execution phase. Which of the following information is useless when the specified exit criteria is evaluated? K2 1 credit a. The execution status of all the test cases extracted from the test management tool b. A list of all the open defects with the associated classification information extracted from the defect tracking system c. A traceability matrix showing the relationships between the product risk items and the test cases d. A chart, showing the trend in the lag time from defect reporting to resolution, extracted from the defect tracking system

43.Consider an agile team adopting Extreme Programming (XP) with five developers and one tester without any coding experience. To which of the following activities would you expect the tester will contribute most? K2 1 credit a. Executing unit tests b. Supporting the customer in the execution of acceptance testing c. Planning and executing tests during the integration test phase to detect interface defects d. Developing unit tests

47.Which of the following statements best describes an appropriate approach for managing exploratory testing? K2 1 credit a. Exploratory testing should not be managed because such testing is inherently unmanageable and not measurable b. Define very generic charters to drive exploratory testing sessions of 2 days where testers are completely free to decide what to test c. Break the testing work in 30 to 120 minutes sessions and use properly defined mission statements consisting of two or three sentences to guide testing during these sessions d. Define very detailed mission statements, which allow testing work to be broken into sessions of up to 10 minutes duration in which testing is guided by these mission statements

48.Which one of the following metrics to be produced needs traceability between the test cases and each item in a proper test basis? K2 1 credit a. Mean time between failures for the system b. Requirements coverage c. Cumulative number of reported defects versus cumulative number of resolved defects d. Trends in the lag time from defect reporting to resolution

55.After the presentation, you are asked to explain the chart. Assume you have applied a full risk-based testing strategy. Green-93% , Red-4% , Blue-3% Which of the following answers would you expect to best describe the pie chart? a. Only the lowest-risk items, tests and bugs should remain in the blue and red areas. Therefore the application can be released at any time subject to management of the items identified in those areas b. According to the full risk-based testing strategy applied, it is very likely that the highest-risk items, tests and bugs remain in the blue and red areas. Therefore, it is very risky to release the application c. 97 percent of the risk items has been tested. No open bugs or test failures remain. Only 3 percent of risk items remains to be covered by the remaining test d. All the risk items have been covered with tests. No more risk items remain to test

60.Assume you are managing the system testing phase of a project. The system test execution period is scheduled to twenty weeks. All tests are manual tests. You are following a risk-driven test approach. During the last staff meeting the project manager tells you new deadlines that will not allow completion of all the system tests. Which of the following would you expect to be the best way to respond to this situation? K2 1 credit a. Prioritize executing the tests for the highest product risks and track these risks b. Remove testers from your test team, so that they can be assigned to other projects c. Automate all remaining tests d. No action is needed, test as much as possible in the remaining time period

8.Which of the following is an example of the test closure activity indicated as "lessons learned"? K2 1 credit a. Deliver an automated regression test suite, used during the system test phase of a software product released into production, to the team responsible for maintenance testing b. Deliver a list of the open defects of a software product released into production to the service desk team c. Participate in a meeting at the end of a project aimed at better managing the events and problems of future projects d. Archive all the test results of the acceptance testing phase

Expert 2016 18. Which of the following set of metrics are suitable for monitoring improvements on test efficiency? Answer Set: A. Early Defect Detection, Automation level B. Test Productivity, Post-release Defect Rate C. Early Defect Detection, Defect Detection Percentage D. Defect Detection Percentage, Early Defect Detection

Expert 2016 21.An embedded software is setting up a measurement program to get visibility into the effectiveness of testing. For this purpose they are using the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) method. After analyzing the goal and defining the questions, several possible metrics have been identified. One of the metrics they have selected to use is level of statement coverage achieved during component testing. As a next step in the process of defining the measurement plan, the metrics are defined in detail using the following attributes: - Formal definition of statement coverage (measurement formula) - Short textual explanation - A hypothesis (possible outcome) - How the data will be collected via the coverage tool - Point in time when the data is collected, e.g., after full completion of component testing Which of the following items is most important to add to the standard list of attributes used to define the metrics? Answer Set: A. The analysis procedure B. List of stakeholders, e.g., target audienc C. The environment is which the data collection will take place D. List of influencing factors

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Expert 2016 5p2. Which of the following statements are features of a top-down improvement approach? a. Ownership of the improvement process may be with a dedicated team. b. The scope of improvement typically covers no more than one or two projects. c. Presentation and negotiation skills are particularly relevant in achieving consensus on objectives and recommendations. d. The selected approach is often less formal. e. Detailed analysis of assessment results is required in order to find commonalities between the different projects.

1.In your organization the following tools of the same vendor are currently in usE. a requirements management tool, a test management tool and a bug tracking tool. You are the Test Manager. You are currently evaluating a test automation tool of the same vendor (to complete the vendor's tool suite) against an interesting open-source test automation tool under the GNU GPL (General Public License). There are no initial costs associated to that open-source tool. Which of the following statements associated to the selection of the open-source tool is correct in this scenario? K2 1 credit a. There are no initial costs for the open-source tool because open-source tools are usually low-quality, while vendor tools have always a better quality than the corresponding open-source tools b. The open-source tool can be modified but it can't be distributed further in any way c. The open-source tool can be modified but only if the community of developers of that tool gives you the formal permission to modify it d. There are no initial costs for the open-source tool but you should carefully consider the costs associated to the integration with the existing tools and also evaluate the recurring costs

11. Test Management -You are working on a project to develop an authentication system for an e-commerce website. This system provides two features: Registration and authentication. Two different development teams develop these two features. There is a high likelihood that the delivery of the authentication feature to the test team will be three weeks later. To complete the registration the user must provide the following registration inputs: Name, surname, birthdate, fiscal code and he/she can select a username and a password.A registered user can be a special user or a normal user. To be identified as a special user, he/she must also provide, during the registration process, a voucher possibly received from the IT department.Access is granted only if a user is registered and the password is correct: In all other cases access is denied. If the registered user is a special user and the password is wrong, a special warning is shown on the system console.You are currently performing a quality risk analysis using FMEA.Based only on the given information, which of the following is NOT a product risk that could be identified during the quality risk analysis?Number of correct responses: 1 -K4 3 credits - A. The late delivery of the authentication feature to the test team causes delays in the start of test execution and this could result in a shorter test period B. The authentication system denies access for a special user with a wrong password, but doesnt display a special warning on the system console C. The authentication system grants access to a normal user with a wrong password D. The authentication system grants access to a special user with a wrong password

12.Which of the following statements describing how identified product quality risks should be mitigated and managed, is true? K2 1 credit a. The identification of new risks, the re-assessment of the level of existing risks and the evaluation of the effectiveness of risk mitigation activities should only occur at the very beginning of a project b. The extent of re-testing and regression testing activities should be based on the risk level c. Risk mitigation of product quality risks can be effective only after starting test execution d. The priority of the development and execution of tests should not be based on the risk level but only on the likelihood

13.Consider: I. Consultative test strategy II. Reactive test strategy III. Analytical test strategy IV. Process-compliant test strategy Consider also the following examples of test activities: 1. Prioritize the test cases, based on the results of a FMEA analysis, to ensure early coverage of the most important areas and discovery of the most important defects during test execution 2. Execute usability testing driven by the guidance of a sample of users (external to the test team) 3. Perform exploratory testing sessions throughout the system test phase 4. On an Agile project, execute tests that cover the test conditions identified for each user story of a feature planned for an iteration. Which of the following correctly matches each test strategy with an appropriate example? K2 1 credit a. I-1; II-2; III-3; IV-4 b. I-2; II-3; III-4; IV-1 c. I-2; II-3; III-1; IV-4 d. I-3; II-2; III-1; IV-4

14.Which of the following would you expect to be most likely an example of a demotivating factor for testers? K2 1 credit a. The testers are assessed on whether and how often they detect important and critical failures b. The same regressions tests are manually executed by the same testers, for every product release, without regression test tools c. The management asks the testers to be kept informed about the intensity, quality and results of testing d. Test quality is measured by counting the number of customer/user reported problems. e. The testers' recommendations to improve the system or its testability are adopted by the development team

15.Testing Process -Assume you are the Test Manager for a new software release of an e-commerce application.The server farm consists of six servers providing different capabilities. Each capability is provided through a set of web services.The requirements specification document contains several SLAs (Service LevelAgreements) like the following:SLA-001: 99.5 percent of all transactions shall have a response time less than five seconds under a load of up-to 5000 concurrent usersThe main objective is to assure that all the SLAs specified in the requirements specification document will be met before system release. You decide to apply a risk-based testing strategy and an early risk analysis confirms that performance is high risk. You can count on a well-written requirements specification and on a model of the system behavior under various load levels produced by the system architect.Which of the following test activities would you expect to be the less important ones to achieve the test objectives in this scenario? K4 3 credits a. Perform system performance testing, consisting of several performance testing sessions, to verify if all the SLAs have been met b. Monitor the SLAs after the system has been released into the production environment c. Perform unit performance testing for each single web service d. Perform static performance testing by reviewing the architectural model of the system under various load levels

17. You are the Test Manager for a project to develop a client-server application that allows wine vendors to order custom-assorted packages of wines of several winemakers to sell special packages in their wine shops. You decide to apply a blended risk-based and reactive testing strategy. Below the exit criteria for the system testing. * EXCR1- Each "critical" quality risk item must be covered by at least one test condition * EXCR2- Each "critical" requirement must be covered by at least one test condition The following are the "critical" requirements of the application: * REQ-SEL-1. The application shall allow the user to order only one package at a time * REQ-SEL-2. The application shall allow the user to select between four different packages (2-bottles, 6-bottles, 12-bottles, 15-bottles) * REQ-SEL-3. The application shall allow the user to order a package containing at least 1 bottle and no more bottles than the package size. No error messages shall be displayed if the user selects a valid number of bottles (at least 1 bottle and no more than the package size) * REQ-SEL-4. The application shall display an error message "Invalid number of bottles" if an invalid number of bottles is selected by the user (zero bottles or a number higher than the package size) * REQ-PAY-1. The application shall allow the user to pay with the three accepted credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, American Express) * REQ-PAY-2. The application shall display an error message "Invalid credit card" if invalid credit card data are given by the user The following is the unique "critical" quality risk item that has been identified: CR-RSK-1. The GUI of the application might accept non-integer values for the input field designed to get the number of bottles from the user Test analysis for system testing has just begun and the following test conditions have been identified. *TC-SEL-2. Test the selection of the package sizes *TC-SEL-4. Test wrong numbers of bottles for an order *TC-CR-RSK-1. Test the accepted values from the input field designed to get the number of bottles from the user Assume that you have used traceability to determine the logical test cases that cover all the requirements and the single risk item identified in that scenario

18. Consider the following skills assessment spreadsheet for your test team (consisting of four team members): This spreadsheet has three sections: technical expertise, testing skills and professionalism. The skill levels for each skill area for both the ''technical expertise'' and ''testing skills'' sections have been rated on a four-point scale: - E (Expert): indicates that a person has expert knowledge and experience in the skill area - B (Beginner): indicates that a person has some knowledge and experience in the skill area but he/she is not autonomous - W (Wants to learn): indicates that a person has no knowledge or experience in the skill area but he/she wants to learn that skill - NI (Not Interested): indicates that a person has no knowledge or experience in the skill area and he/she is not interested to learn that skill The skill levels for each skill area of the ''professionalism'' section have been rated on a three point scale (H=High, M=Medium, L=Low). Consider the following analysis of testing skills performed on four people. Alex, Robert, John and Mark (all the skills have been rated on an ascending scale. The higher the score, the better the skill): table below: Testing Skills - Alex- roberta - john - mark planning: estimation and cost of quality-3-2-2-5 planning: documentation-3-3-2-5 planning: Quality risk analysis/management-2-3-2-5 Design/development: behavioral(black box)-3-5-2-2 Design/development: stuctural(white box)-3-5-3-1 Design/development: static (reviews and analysis)-3-4-3-2 Test automation: COTS Execution tools-5-2-4-3 Test automation: COTS test management-5-2-4-3 Test automation: test data generators-5-2-4-3 Execution: Manual(scripted and dynamic)-3-3-4-3 Execution: automated -3-3-4-3 Execution: test status reporting and metrics -2-4-4-3 Average Testing skills -3,36-3,17-3,17-3,15 Which of these people, based on this analysis, would you expect to be most suitable to work specifically as test designer? K4 3 credits A Alex B Roberta C John D Mark

19. Improving the Testing Process - Consider the following statements describing the importance of improving the test process: I. Test process improvement is important because being focused only on the test process it can provide recommendations to improve the test process itself, but it cant indicate or suggest improvement to areas of the development process II. Test process improvement is important because it is much more effective than software process improvement to improve the quality of a software system III. Test process improvement is important because several process improvement models (STEP, TPI Next, TMMi) have been developed over the years IV. Test process improvement is important because every organization, regardless of the context, should always achieve the maximum level of maturity of testing described in the test improvement models such as TMMi Which of the following answers is correct? Topic 6, Test Tools and Automation K2 1 credit - A. I. and IV. are true; II. and III. are false B. I., II., III. and IV are false C. I., II. and III are true; IV. is false D. I., II. and III. are false; IV. is true

23.A chart showing the trend in the lag time from defect reporting to resolution during system testing is also available. The chart shows that the daily closure period is consistently and significantly above the rolling closure period for a long period of the system testing phase. Almost all defects found during system testing have been related to the system as a whole, not related to single units or integrations issues. Almost all quality risks have been addressed during the unit and integration testing phase and no residual quality risks were present in the integrated system. Exploratory testing sessions performed during system testing, targeted at finding defects in these quality risk areas. Which one of areas would you considered more in the retrospective meeting in order to be improved? a. The quality risk analysis process b. The system design and architecture design reviews c. The requirements review d. The defect management process

24.Which of the following statements, about the test reporting activities for a project adopting an iterative lifecycle model with very short iterations (e.g. two weeks iterations), is correct? K2 1 credit a. Test reporting activities can't be influenced by the use of an iterative lifecycle model with short iterations b. Test reporting activities are still important with an iterative lifecycle. The reports can be used to conduct post-iteration review sessions before starting with the next iteration c. Test reporting activities are not important for projects adopting an iterative lifecycle model with short iterations d. Test reporting activities are less important for projects adopting an iterative life cycle model with short iterations. They should be performed at the end of the last iteration

25.You are performing a quality risk analysis for a CSCI (Computer Software Configuration Item) used to implement a CBIT (Continuous Built-In Test) module of a safety-critical system. During the quality risk analysis you are trying to identify the ways in which failures of the CBIT module can occur, for each of them trying to determine the potential causes and likely effects, and the risk level (calculated as the product of three factors: severity, occurrence and detection). Which of the following risk analysis techniques are you working with? K2 1 credit a. Wide Band Delphi b. A lightweight product risk analysis technique c. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis d. Cost of Exposure

26.You are estimating the effort for the integration testing activities of a new project. Consider the following factors, which can affect that estimation: I.Availability of re-usable test systems and documentation from previous, similar projects II. Unexpected timing of components arrival III. Stability of the integration test team (no turnover) IV. Many and geographically distributed sub-teams Which of the following statements is true? K2 1 credit a. III. and IV. can negatively affect the estimation; Iand II. usually favor the accuracy of the estimation effort b. II. and III. can negatively affect the estimation; I and IV. usually favor the accuracy of the estimation effort c. II. and IV. can negatively affect the estimation; I and III. usually favor the accuracy of the estimation effort d. I. and II. can negatively affect the estimation; III. and IV. usually favor the accuracy of the estimation effort

27.You can count on well-written requirements, but you can't count on an adequate contribution of the stakeholders to the quality risk analysis. You have to mitigate the insufficient contribution of the stakeholders because the risk-based testing approach shall minimize the product risks. Your test team has one expert tester in security testing. Which of the following test activities would you expect to be the less important in this context? K4 3 credits a. Perform exploratory testing sessions with adequate charters covering security aspects b. Automate all functional and non-functional system tests c. Apply systematic and exploratory testing for integration and system test d. Extract from the defect tracking system of the previous project all the security defects and failures, and classify them to support design and execution of specific tests

28.In the test strategy document your organization declares: - To adopt a V-model development lifecycle, with three formal levels of testing unit, integration and system testing - To use a blended risk-based and regression-averse testing strategy for each level of testing The following is an excerpt of the "approach" section for the system test plan document of a new project: "Testing will only use manual tests. Due to the short period of time for test execution, the following activities will be performed in parallel with test execution: Test planning, test analysis and test design. Basic metrics will be taken for test effort (i.e. person-hours), test cases executed (passed/failed), and incidents (no more metrics, such as code coverage, will be collected)." In the system test plan, no deviations from the test strategy are described. Based only on the given information, which of the following statements is true?K4 3 credits a. The approach described in the system test plan document is consistent with the test strategy b. The approach described in the system test plan document is consistent with the risk-based testing strategy, but it is inconsistent with the regression testing strategy c. The approach described in the system test plan document is consistent with the regression testing strategy, but it is inconsistent with the risk-based testing strategy d. The approach described the system test plan document is inconsistent with both the risk-based and regression testing strategies

29.Assume you are managing the system testing execution phase of a project. The system test execution period for that project is scheduled for eighteen weeks and the release date is scheduled at the end of system testing. During the sixth week of system test execution, at the staff meeting, the project manager informs you that the project deadlines are changed and the release date that is only three weeks ahead. This new release will not allow the completion of the system tests. Suppose also that you have followed a risk-driven test approach for this project. Which of the following statements represents the worst way to lead your test team in the next three weeks? K2 1 credit a. Considering the executed tests, you should reduce the test coverage back on the risk analysis and adjust downward the priority of the associated risk items b. Neglect your management activities and work side-by-side with your test team executing tests c. Favor and encourage a proactive attitude where people ask for new tasks as soon as they finish their current tasks d. Convince all the people of your test team that each of them is an important and needed member, and that their contribution is fundamental to the success of the team

3.Assume you have some data related to confirmation testing during system testing of a past project. In that project 240 bug reports have been opened once, 80 were opened twice, 10 were opened three times and no bug reports have been opened more than three times. You estimate that a bug report, which has failed its confirmation test, costs, on average, 3 person-hours. Which of the following statements correctly describe the value of these confirmatory testing activities based on cost of quality? K3 2 credits a. 300 person-hours have been spent on the project during the system testing phase, because of the failed confirmation tests and this cost belongs to the costs of detection b. 340 person-hours have been spent on the project during the system testing phase, because of the failed confirmation tests and this cost belongs to the costs of external failure c. 300 person-hours have been spent on the project during the system testing phase, because of the failed confirmation tests and this cost belongs to the costs of internal failure d. 340 person-hours have been spent on the project during the system testing phase, because of the failed confirmation tests and this cost belongs to the costs of internal failure

31.Assume that the following test cases have been executed at the end of the first week of test execution: TC-OOI, TC-0()2 and TC-007. All these tests are 'passes'. What is the MINIMUM number of the remaining test cases that must be successfully executed to fulfill the EX1 exit criteria? test cases (TC), Requirements (REQ) table below: Req-001: TC-001 Req-002: TC-002, TC-003 Req-003: TC-004 Req-004: TC-004, TC-007 Req-005: TC-005, TC-007 Req-006: TC-006, TC-007 Req-007: TC-008 Req-008: TC-008 Req-009: TC-001 Req-010: TC-009 Req-011: TC-004 Req-012: TC-010 ex1: the test suite for product must ensure that at least each quality risk item is covered by at least one test case (a quality risk item can be covered by more test cases) a. 4 b. 6 c. 7 d. 5

32.Which of the following answers best describes the test activities (assuming it is possible to perform all of them) you should plan for? K4 3 credits Consider an information system of a Pay-Tv company based on a SOA architecture. The integrated system currently consists of three core systems: - a CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system - a BRIM (Billing and Revenue Management) system - a CAS (Conditional Access System) system all of them communicating with SOA Middleware. You have been asked to manage the testing activities for the integration of two additional off-theshelf systems from two different vendors: a SMS (Short Message Service) server and an IV R (Interactive Voice Response) system. Assume that there is a high likelihood that the two off-the-shelf systems will be low-quality and that you have a clear proof that the testing performed by the two vendors on their systems has been unsystematic and unprofessional. This obviously leads to higher quality risk for the overall integrated system. You are the Test Manager of this project. Your main goal is to plan for testing activities to mitigate this risk. Which of the following answers best describes the test activities (assuming it is possible to perform all of them) you should plan for?K4 3 credits a. You should directly plan for a single end-to-end test focused on end-to-end tests of the overall integrated system without an acceptance test of the two off-the-shelf systems b. You should plan for two levels: a system integration test and an end-to-end test of the overall integrated system c. You should plan for an informal and minimal acceptance test of the two off-the-shelf systems and then a single end-to-end test of the overall integrated system d. You should plan for adequate re-testing of both the systems followed by a system integration test and an end-to-end test of the overall integrated system

33.Which of the following statements about management of product quality risks in mature organizations with respect to the lifecycle, is true? K2 1 credit a. Mature organizations don't waste time identifying the sources of risks. They only focus on identifying product quality risks b. Mature organizations are aware that risk management of product quality risks only occurs during testing c. Mature organizations are aware that the contribution of testing to analysis of product quality risks is very important. The analysis should occur throughout the entire lifecycle d. Mature organizations address product quality risks associated to non-functional characteristics only during the system test phase

abd

34.During the system testing phase a tester from your test team observes a failure in the system under test and he/she decides to create an incident report. The incident report is currently in a "new" state, indicating it needs to be investigated. Which THREE of the following information items can't yet be present in the incident report? K3 2 credits (2 credits out of 3 credits correct, 1 credit point) a. The type of defect that caused the failure b. What really caused the failure (actual cause) c. Steps to reproduce the failure, including screenshots, database dumps and logs where applicable d. The lifecycle phase in which the defect has been introduced e. The actual and the expected result highlighting the failure

35.The main objectives the senior management team wants to achieve are: - to reduce the costs associated with dynamic testing - to use reviews to ensure that the project is on course for success and following the plan - to use reviews as a well-documented and effective bug -removal activity following a formal process with well-defined roles - to determine the effectiveness of reviews in terms of phase containment - to improve phase containment effectiveness Which of the following answers would you expect to describe the best way to achieve these objectives? K4 3 credits a. You should plan for lightweight exit-phase reviews at the end of each development and testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an analysis aimed at identifying the larger cluster of defects b. You should plan for formal exit-phase reviews at the end of each development phase and testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an analysis of the bugs found during testing to determine the people responsible for those bugs c. You should plan for formal exit-phase reviews at the end of each development and testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an analysis of the bugs found during testing to determine the phase in which they have been introduced d. You should plan for formal exit-phase reviews at the end of each development and testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an analysis aimed at identifying the larger cluster of defects

36.Assume you are currently working on a project developing a system where functional requirements are very well specified. Unfortunately non-functional requirements do almost not exist. You are the Test Manager. You have to choose a technique for test selection that allows testing of non- functional characteristics, especially reliability. Which of the following techniques for test selection do you expect being most useful in this scenario? K2 1 credit a. Cause-effect graphing b. A model-based technique based on the creation of operational profiles c. Ambiguity reviews d. Test condition analysis

37.Which of the following statements describing the consequences of specifying test conditions at a detailed level is NOT true? K2 1 credit a. The specification of test conditions at a detailed level can require the implementation of an adequate level of formality across the team b. In an environment where the test basis is continuously changing, it is recommended to specify test conditions at a detailed level in order to achieve a better maintainability c. The specification of test conditions at a detailed level can be effective when no formal requirements or other development work products are available d. For system testing, the specification of test conditions at a detailed level, carried out early in the project as soon as the test basis is established, can contribute to defect prevention

38.You are the Test Manager of a new project aimed at developing a software system that must be certified at level B of the DO-178B standard. The project will follow a V-Model software development life cycle and it will have four formal levels of testing: component, integration, system and acceptance testing. You must produce the test plan documentation for this project by providing an adequate coordination across the four levels of testing in order to assure audit ability. Which of the following answers would you expect to best describe how to organize the test plan? K3 2 credits a. Produce a master test plan that covers three levels (component, integration, system test) and a separate acceptance test plan b. Produce a single master test plan that covers in detail all four levels, describing the particular activities for all test levels c. Produce four separate detailed level test plans, one for each level, without a master test plan d. Produce a master test plan describing the relationship between the four levels, and four separate detailed level test plans, one for each level

39.Consider a defect report and assume that a part of its lifecycle includes the following states: New: Is the initial state Working. Means that the developers are addressing the defect in order to produce a fix for the defect Clarification: Means that the developers need more information from the tester to address the defect and produce a fix for the defect and the tester is working to provide this information to the developers Verification: Means that a fix for the defect has been produced and the tester is running the adequate tests to verify whether the fix solves the defect Closed. is the final state Which of the following answers represents an invalid sequence of states that can't lead the bug report to the "Closed" state? a. New, Working, Clarification, Working, Verification, Closed b. New, Working, Verification, Working, Clarification, Working, Verification, Closed c. New, Working, Verification, Closed d. New, Working, Verification, Working, Clarification, Working, Closed

4.The following chart plots the cumulative number of defects opened against the cumulative number of defects closed during system testing of a software product. Which of the following statements is true? (image) K2 1 credit a. The chart seems to indicate that the defect management process is working well b. The chart seems to indicate that the defect management process is not working well c. The chart indicates that you have plenty of problems left to find d. The chart can be used to reveal test progress problems

40. The following are the requirements identified as "critical": REQ-SEL-00I. The user shall be able to combine all the three products with all the four durations to define an item to purchase REQ-SEL-002. The user shall be able to add a maximum of six different items to the shopping cart REQ-PUR-OOI. The user shall be able to purchase all the items in the shopping cart using a credit voucher REQ-PUR-002. The user shall be able to purchase all the items in the shopping cart using the available credit already charged on the smartcard REQ-PUR-003. The user shall be able to purchase all the items in the shopping cart using all the accepted credit cards (Visa, MasterCard and Great Wall Card) REG-LOGO-00I. The user shall be able to logout (by clicking the logout button) from both the "select" and "purchase" pages going back to the "browse" page (anonymous navigation) Moreover the following quality risk item has been identified as "critical":QR-PI. The web customer portal might not be able to provide the expected response time (less than10 sec) for the purchase transactions under a load of up-to 1000 concurrent users Test analysis for system testing has just begun and the following test conditions have been identified. TC-SEL-0I. Test the combinations of products and durations to define an item to purchase TC-SEL-02. Test the maximum number of items, which can be added to the shopping cart TC-PUR-0I. Test the purchase of an item TC-PUR-02. Test the purchase of an item with the credit charged on the smartcard What is the MINIMUM number of test conditions that must be added to fulfill both the EXCRI and EXCR2 exit criteria? K3 2 credits a. 1 b. 4 c. 2 d. 3

41.Which of the following statements about the TMMi test process improvement model is true? K2 1 credit a. TMMi has a staged architecture for process improvement with seven maturity levels b. In TMMi all the process areas at lower levels must be 75% complete by achieving specific and generic goals in order to claim the higher level c. At TMMi level 1 testing is chaotic without a defined process, and it is often seen as the same as debugging d. TMMi provides an approach for test process improvement such as the IDEAL (Initiating, Diagnosing, Establishing, Acting and Learning) model

42.An agile development team decides to hire a tester who has always worked. - in independent test teams, reporting the problems found in a defect tracking system - in safety-critical projects, with a stronger focus on the quality of the product than on time and budget. This agile team is focused on short-term goals to get the product released on time and within budget. Which of the following answers would you expect to be most likely true in this scenario? K2 1 credit a. The developers will immediately follow the guidelines described by the tester b. Agile teams like the presence of a tester in their teams and the tester will be able to adapt to the new context without any issue c. The tester's mission could be to verify adherence to requirements, instead of reporting formally the problems in a defect tracking system d. The tester can continue to report the problems found in a defect tracking system and be more focused on the quality than on time and budget constraints

44.You are a Test Manager working for a software organization where reviews have never been applied. After a meeting with your managers examining a business case for reviews, (including their costs, benefits, and potential issues), the management finally decides to adopt formal reviews for future projects. You have been given a budget that you have spent to provide training in the review process and to introduce the review process on a pilot project. On that pilot project the introduction of reviews has been very positive in terms of positive involvement from all the participants. All the reviews applied to different documents have been very effective for their purposes (especially at revealing defects). Which of an important factor for the introduct of formal reviews which is missing? 3 P a. Training in the review process b. Participant support c. Management support d. Definition and use of metrics to measure the ROI (Return On Investment)

45.During the follow-up phase the following conditions are checked: X1. The code has been completely reviewed X2. All the identified defects have been correctly fixed and the modified code has been compiled successfully and run through all the static analyzers used by the project without warnings and errors X3. The modified code is available under the configuration management system with a new version number for the specified CI If these conditions are fulfilled then the review process terminates. Which of the following characteristics of a formal review is missing in this description? K2 1 credit a. Metrics for reporting on the review effectiveness, efficiency, and progress b. Checklists to be used by the reviewers c. Defined entry and exit criteria d. Deliverables such as reports, evaluation sheets or other review summary sheets

46.You are the Test Manager of a project that adopts a V-model with four formal levels of testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance testing. On this project reviews have been conducted for each development phase prior to testing, which is to say that reviews of requirements, functional specification, high-level design, low-level design and code have been performed prior to testing. that no requirements defects have been reported after the release of the product. Which TWO of the following metrics do you need in order to evaluate the requirements reviews in terms of phase containment effectiveness? K3 2 credits a. Total number of defects found during functional specification review, high-level design review, low- level design review, code review, unit testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing b. Total number of defects attributable to requirements, found during functional specification review, high-level design review, low-level design review, code review, unit testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing c. Total number of defects attributable to requirements found during unit, integration, system and acceptance testing d. Time to conduct the requirements review e. Number of defects found during the requirements review

49.You are the Test Manager of a new project that will have three formal levels of testing. unit, integration and system testing. The testing strategy you decide to adopt a blend of risk-based testing and reactive testing strategies. Which of the following answers describes the most consistent example of implementation of this test strategy during the execution of the system tests? K2 1 credit a. Your test team executes exploratory tests following a session-based test management approach throughout the system test phase b. Your test team autonomously performs some exploratory testing sessions and, at the very end of the system testing phase, it also executes more system tests under the guidance of a sample of users c. Your test team executes scripted tests designed and implemented before the execution of the system test phase, to cover the identified product risks. It also performs exploratory testing sessions throughout the system test phase d. Your test team executes system tests under the guidance of a sample of users throughout the system test phase

50. You are the Test Manager for a project to develop a web customer portal of a Pay-TV company that allows customers (with a smartcard and a set-top box) to purchase digital contents. In the "select" page the system displays a dialogue where the customer can select the items (digital contents) he/she is interested in. In this page he/she can add one or more items to a shopping cart. An item consists of a product and a duration. There are three types of products: Movie, sport and premium (movie and sport). There are four possible durations: I months, 2 months, winter (from the beginning of January to end of March) and summer (from the beginning of July to end of September). All the combinations of products and durations are allowed to define an item. Thus there are twelve possible items. A maximum of six different items can be added to the shopping cart at a time. When the customer decides to check out he/she goes to the "purchase" page where he/she can pay the total amount of the shopping cart in three different ways: - using a credit voucher - using a credit already charged on the smartcard - using a credit card (accepted credit cards are. Visa, MasterCard and Great Wall Card) The customer can logout from both the "select" and "purchase" pages. In this case no purchase is made. You decide to apply a blended risk-based and reactive testing strategy and the following is a subset of the exit criteria for system testing: EXCRI- Each "critical" quality risk item must be covered by at least one test condition EXCR2- Each "critical" requirement must be covered by at least one test condition You are following a risk-based testing strategy. The test execution time is very limited. Assume that all the product risk items require more or less the same level of test effort. Product Risk Item - Likelihood - Impact The system does not accept transactions coming from the IVR channel - 1 - 5 The system does not correctly charge a Smart Card With the required contents - 2 - 5 The system does not actuate a pre-activated Smart Card - 3 - 5 The system does not pre-activate a Smart Card - 5 - 3 Which of the following answers describes the best execution schedule in this scenario? A. 1 - Test the acceptance of transactions c

51.Based on the historical data of 5 past and similar projects, you have calculated these average numbers of defects detected in system testing. - For each 10000 LOC (lines of code), 200 defects - For each person-month of development team effort, 49 defects You want to use this information to perform estimation for a new project. The project manager tells you that he/she has estimated 20000 new LOC for this new project. Four developers work for four months on this project before system testing. During system testing, 797 defects are discovered. Assume that the system test of this new project is using the same amount of work as spent in the past projects. Based on this information only, which of the following statement is certainly true about this project? K3 3 credits a. The number of defects found during the system test phase on the new project is approximately proportional to the development team effort b. The code for the new project contains a higher defect density than the code of the past projects c. 40000 LOC have been delivered to system testing (against the 20000 LOC planned by the project manager) d. More LOC than planned have been delivered to system testing with a higher defect density than the past projects

52.In the next two months some new features will be constantly added to new releases of a project you are working on as Test Manager. You have identified as one of the main project risks, that the requirements specification will still be incomplete when your team starts the test design and implementation phase. Some requirements will most likely be completed too late to allow a proper test preparation. You and your test team have already worked on several similar past projects in the same organization. Which one of the following options would you expect to be the most effective at mitigating this risk? K4 3 credits a. Don't prepare any test and just run the regression test suite to check that the new features don't introduce regression b. Even if there are only few details missing, escalate the risk to the project manager without preparing any tests c. Don't design any test until the test execution starts, then communicate that test execution is blocked due to incomplete requirements d. Make reasonable assumptions about the missing details and design lightweight tests that can be easily updated during test execution

53.Consider the following list of statements about audits and management reviews: I. Audits are usually more effective than management reviews at finding II. Audits and management reviews have the same main goals, the only difference is related to the roles and level of formality III. A typical outcome of an audit includes observations and recommendations, corrective actions and a pass/fail assessment IV. An audit is not the appropriate mechanism to use at the code review in order to detect defects prior to dynamic testing Which of the following statements is true? K2 1 credit a. I. and III. are true; II. and IV. are false; b. I, III and IV are true; II. is false; c. III. and IV. are true; I and II are false; d. II. and III are true; I. and IV. are false;

54. You are the Test Manager for a project to develop a client-server application that allows wine vendors to order custom-assorted packages of wines of several winemakers to sell special packages in their wine shops. You decide to apply a blended risk-based and reactive testing strategy. Below the exit criteria for the system testing. EXCR l- Each "critical" quality risk item must be covered by at least one test condition EXCR2Each "critical" requirement must be covered by at least one test condition The following are the "critical" requirements of the application: REQ-SEL-I. The application shall allow the user to order only one package at a time REQ-SEL-2. The application shall allow the user to select between four different packages (2bottles, 6-bottles, 12-bottles, 15-bottles) REQ-SEL-3. The application shall allow the user to order a package containing at least I bottle and no more bottles than the package size. No error messages shall be displayed if the user selects a valid number of bottles (at least I bottle and no more than the package size) REQ-SEL-4. The application shall display an error message "Invalid number of bottles" if an invalid number of bottles is selected by the user (zero bottles or a number higher than the package size) REQ-PAY-I. The application shall allow the user to pay with the three accepted credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, American Express) REQ-PAY-2. The application shall display an error message "Invalid credit card" if invalid credit card data are given by the user The following is the unique "critical" quality risk item that has been identified: CR-RSK-I. The GUI of the application might accept non-integer values for the input field designed to get the number of bottles from the user Test analysis for system testing has just begun and the following test conditions have been identified. TC-SEL-2. Test the selection of the package sizes TC-SEL-4. Test wrong numbers of bottles for an order TC-CR-RSK-I. Test the accepted values from the input field designed to get the number of bottles from the user What is the MINIMUM number of test conditions that must be added to fulfill both the EXCRI and EXCR2 exit criteria? a. 1 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2

56.Which of the following would you expect to be most likely an example of a motivating factor for testers? K2 1 credit a. The same regressions tests are executed manually by the same testers, for every product release, without any progression in content b. The resources allocated for the testing activities are not sufficient and don't allow the testers to contribute to the quality of the product c. The testers contribution to the quality of the software products developed from an organization is recognized with increased responsibilities d. The testers are asked to perform, in parallel with their testing tasks, other tasks unrelated to their testing responsibilities

57. Assume you are working on a CAS (Conditional Access System) for Pay-TV that allows the access, selection and transfer of services and media to authorized users. Authorized users can choose their services through different channels: Web Customer Portal, IVR (Interactive Voice Response), Call Centre and SMS. The system uses a Smart Card to receive and decrypt the broadcasted encrypted control words which allow decrypting pay-per-view TV. Every authorized user must have a Smart Card and a Set-Top Box to view the contents. The following is an excerpt from the product risk analysis document: Both likelihood and impact have been rated on the following scale: (l Very low, 2 Low, 3 Medium, 4 High, 5 Very High). The required test environment and code have been delivered. All test cases for each identified product risk item have been written and are ready to be executed. The Database used to contain the Smart Cards is empty and so only new Smart Cards can be used during test execution. A Smart Card can only be activated if it has been previously pre-activated. This means the postconditions for the execution of the test cases to test the pre-activation of the Smart Card are the preconditions for activation of the Smart Card. Which of the following statements represents the most effective contribution of the stakeholders to the completion of the failure mode analysis table? A. The aircraft pilot and the customer representative should contribute to assess the detection. The chief software engineer, the system architect and the expert tester should contribute to assess the priority. B. The aircraft pilot and the customer representative should contribute to assess the priority. The chief software engineer, the system architect and the expert tester should contribute to assess the detection. C. The system architect and the chief software engineer should contribute to assess the priority. The expert tester is the only one who should contribute to assess the detection. D. The aircraft pilot is the only one qualified to contribute to assess the priority and thus should be assigned this task. The customer representative should contribute to assess the detection.

58.You are the Test Manager on a project following an iterative life-cycle model. The project should consist of nine iterations of one month duration each. It is planned to develop the most important features to have a stable core of the application in the first three iterations and to add the additional features in the last six iterations. At the beginning of the first iteration, only a draft version of the requirements specification document for the core features is available. Assume that during each of the first three iterations, the chosen features are fully completed and unit tested. Which of the following statements is true in this context? K4 3 credits a. You should allocate all the effort for the system test phase only in the last iteration b. You should allocate a large effort for system testing during the first three iterations c. The system test phase should start when all the requirements are frozen d. You should apply the same test strategy as used in a sequential life cycle model

59. You are managing the system testing for a SOA based system. The integrated system consists of several subsystems: - A SOA middleware - A CRM (Customer Relationship Management) system - A BRIM (Billing and Revenue Management) system - A SMS (Subscriber Management System) system and you performed a risk analysis based on these subsystems Test risk scores (Total-Pass-Failed-Not Run) - Bug risk scores (Total-Open-Resolved) SOA -80,60-75,60-1,20-3,80 -11,70-0,80-10,90 CRM -50,10-18,80-3,20-28,10 -14,90-0,70-14,20 BRIM -19,20-18,20-0,20-0,80 -2,00 -0,10-1,90 SMS -19,80-17,10-0,50-2,20 -2,10 -0,20-1,90 At the end of the scheduled period for test execution you produce a first classical report based on the traditional metrics of testing. Test pass/fail status and bug status (oper/resolved) That table provides you a distorted picture of the quality risk, because there is no indication of the risk level of the failed tests, the tests not run, or the open bugs. Thus, you produce the following table to solve this distortion issue: In the table above, where you have introduced the concept of risk weighting, the highest risk test or bug report has a score of I , while the lowest risk test or bug report has a score of 0.04.Which of the fol lowing subsystems, based on the risk scores of the table, is most risky?K4 3 credits A. SOA B. CRM C. BRM D. SMS

6.Which of the following phases in the lifecycle of the new tool has NOT been adequately considered in this description? After a selection process you have selected a test management tool that is going be introduced in your organization and used by your test team in a pilot project. You have already identified the member of your test team who will be the administrator of the tool, since he/she has a significant experience with the administration of test management tools and so he/she is able to make effective and efficient up-front decisions about "how" the tool will be used. You have also developed a training plan for the other members of your test team. In collaboration with the administrator of the tool you have also devised standard ways of managing, storing and maintaining the tool and its assets including backup/restore procedures. You have also analyzed standard formats supported by the tool (CSV, XLS, XML etc.) to export, import and archive all the information managed by the tool itself (requirements, test case specifications, test plans etc.) for compliance with the most important test management tools, in order to minimize the impacts of migrating this information to a new tool that could replace the existing one in the future. Which of the following phases in the lifecycle of the new tool has NT been adequately considered in this description? a. Retirement b. Evolution c. Support and maintenance d. Acquisition

61.For which of the following activities would the costs be classified as a cost of detection? a. Fixing field failures b. Writing test specifications according to the test design c. Training developers to better understand the new features of the coding language they will use on the project d. Re-running a test case, during the system testing phase, to verify that a fix eliminates a previously found defect

62.Assume you are managing a test automation project for a mission-critical system. Because vendor provided tools and open source solutions don't meet the needs of this project, you ask your test team to develop a custom automation framework. Which of the following management issues associated to the development of this custom automation framework is least likely to manage? K2 1 credit a. The changes to the custom automation framework should be communicated to all external users of this tool under the GNU license b. The custom automation framework will need proper maintenance c. Proper testing for the custom automation framework must be performed d. The custom automation framework will require an adequate documentation

63. Consider the following skills assessment spreadsheet for your test team (consisting of four team members): This spreadsheet has three sections: technical expertise, testing skills and professionalism. The skill levels for each skill area for both the "technical expertise" and "testing skills" sections have been rated on a four-point scale: - E (Expert): indicates that a person has expert knowledge and experience in the skill area - B (Beginner): indicates that a person has some knowledge and experience in the skill area but he/she is not autonomous - W (Wants to learn): indicates that a person has no knowledge or experience in the skill area but he/she wants to learn that skill - NI (Not Interested): indicates that a person has no knowledge or experience in the skill area and he/she is not interested to learn that skill The skill levels for each skill area of the "professionalism" section have been rated on a three point scale (H=High, M=Medium, L=Low). You are using this skills assessment spreadsheet in order to define a training development plan for your test team. Your objective is to fill the skill gaps by having at least a team member rated as an expert for each skill identified for the "technical expertise" and "testing skills" sections, and with the ability to train the other team members. Considering the budget constraints you can send only one person to a training course. Based only on the given information, which of the following answers would you expect to be the best option to achieve your objective?K4 3 credits A. Send Robert to a performance testing training course B. Send Alex to a performance testing training course C. Send John to a performance testing training course D. Send Mark to a test automation training course

64.Assume you are working on a defect management process to be used by a software organization to track the current status of the defects reports for several projects. When a defect is found for investigation a defect report is created in "Opened" state that is the unique initial state. The defect report status has also a unique finale state that is the "Closed" state. The following state transition diagram describes the states of this defect management process: Where only the initial ("Opened") and final ("Closed") states are indicated while the remaining states (V, W, X, Y, Z) have yet to be named. --process below: Opened -> V -> W -> X -> Closed Opened -> V -> W -> X -> Y -> V -> Z -> Closed Opened -> V -> W -> Y -> V -> Z -> Closed Which of the following assignments would you expect to best complete the defect management process? K3 2 credits a. V= Corrected, W=Assigned, X=Validated, Y=Corrected, Z=Rejected b. V=Rejected , W=Corrected , X=Validated, Y=Re-Opened, Z=Assigned c. V=Assigned, W=Corrected , X=Validated, Y=Re-Opened, Z=Rejected d. V=Assigned, W=Validated , X=Corrected, Y=Re-Opened, Z=Rejected

9.Assume that youre the test manager for a small insurance application development project. You have decided to adopt a risk-based testing strategy 5 product risks (R1, R2,R3,R4,R5) have been identified and their levels of risk have been assessed. 10 test cases (T1,...,T10) have been designed to cover all the product risks. You are not confident with the assessment of the risk level and you suspect that it will be possible to find high-priority bugs in low-risk areas. Table below: Product risk - risk level - test cases: R1-25- T1,T2 R2-12-T3,T4 R3-10-T5,T6 R4-8-T7,T8 R5-2-T9,T10 Furthermore, the period for test execution is very short. Your goal is to test all the product risks in a risk-based way while assuring that each product risk gets at least some amount of testing. Which of the following answers describes the best test execution schedule in this scenario? A. T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10 B. T1, T3, T5, T7, T9, T2, T4, T6, T8, T10 C. T10, T9, T8, T7, T6, T5, T4, T3, T2, T1 D. T10, T8, T6, T4, T2, T9, T7, T5, T3, T1

Expert 2016 13p2.Richard wants to find out how early testers are involved in the overall project management. He thinks of testers as being part of the project planning phase, members of risk reviewers of the test basis. Therefore he now interviews Sheila, a tester who has been working in that company for the last 5 years and is currently responsible for test analysis, design GoForth-Project. Here is the dialogue so far: Richard: "Hello Sheila. My name is Richard and I want to ask you..... Here are the notes, Richard took: Here are some statements about interviewing, listening and note-taking skills. Which of these are correct? 1. Richard could have tired to directly ask about the....rumor and the official information is at least a month.. 2. Sheila acts like a "Critical Parent" and Richard notices it and reacts accordingly. 3. Richard is an active listener. 4. Richard uses the right note 5. Richard used open-ended questions in an appropriate way. 6. Richard seems to possess Emotional intelligence (EI). 7. Richard documents Sheila's 8. Richard does not repeat or summarize in any way 9. Richard does a good opening. Which of these statement are correct? A. Statements 1, 2, 3 and 6 are correct, 4, 5 and 7 are wrong B. Statements 1, 4, 6 and 7 are correct, 2, 3 and 5 are wrong. C. Only Statement 1 is correct, all others are wrong. D. All Statements are correct. E. Statement 1, 5 and 8 F. Statement 2, 5 and 7 G. Statement 3, 6 and 9 H. Statement 2, 8 and 9 I. Statement 1, 6 and 7

Expert 2016 15.The test manager has decided to use casual analysis as part of the inspection process in your current project. The casual analysis has been split into two parts: Defect analysis and Generic analysis. What is typically done in each of these two parts? Answer Set: A. Defect analysis: Analyse specific defects and their specific causes; Generic analysis: Identify trends and commonalities with respect to defects B. Defect analysis: Analyze which tests have exposed the defects; Generic analysis: Identify generic trends in defect finding C. Defect analysis: Analyze defects with high severity; Generic analysis: Analyze the generic test procedures for improvement D. Defect analysis: Look for specific defects with certain patterns; Generic analysis: Identify trends in the number of test cases causing defects

Expert 2016 17. An online bookstore is having increasingly production problems since the last release with a new ordering process being one of its most important feature. The system is becoming unstable and data seems to be lost during evening hours, which results in dissatisfied customers complaining about not receiving their ordered books. In addition a number of user unfriendly messages keep appearing on the screens of the on-line bookstore. One customer complained that he was not able to find the book he required book at the on-line bookstore. During testing there were several problems with the test environment not being stable. IT management responsible for the on-line bookstore organized a retrospective session with the test team to identify production defects that needed to be looked at more in detail. The team uses Ishikawa/ fishbone diagrams to understand the defects and have some ideas about the most likely causes for the various defects. The defects are also categorized by impact and frequency. During system testing, the team had focussed on functionality of the order process and on the user interface based on their risk assessment with the stakeholders. The team achieved a good coverageon functionality and usability and defects found were solved in a reasonable time-frame. The team had a test environment, although not completely stable, with test tools available for system testing andfollowed a structured test process called TMap. Which of the defects listed below should be selected for a detailed root cause analysis? A. User unfriendly messages B. Test environment problems C. Unstable production system and loss of data D. Compliant regarding book not being found

abd

Expert 2016 1p2. Which of the following statements are true concerning the key elements of a test policy? a. Evaluation of testing effectiveness and efficiency are described in the test policy and further detailed in subsequent documents. b. The value that the organization derives from testing is a core element of the test policy. c. A test policy must define the ISTQB fundamental test process as the standard testing process. d. The test process improvement initiatives are outlined in the test policy. e. Objectives of testing are solely defined in the test strategy and therefore not included in the test policy.

Expert 2016 20. An insurance company has a dedicated testing team consisting of a small number of core testers that maintain and lead testing projects as part of the internally run software projects. They write and execute tests together with non-professional testers from the different departments that will the new or changed products. The testing team has defined the following improve their testing processes: Analyze - all test cases in the test case For the purpose of - understanding With respect to - reusability From the viewpoint of - the core testing team In the context of - starting new testing projects The following questions and metrics were proposed by the testing team members. Which of these should best be used in the GQM plan to fulfill the given goal? Q.1 "Is it better to rework and then reuse test cases or to write them from scratch?" Q.2 "How much time and money is spent on reworking test cases?" Q.3 "What can we do to improve reusability?" Q.4 "How many test cases must be archived and can never be reused aga Q.5 "Who is better at writing effective test cases testers?" Q.6 "Which kinds of projects produce which grade of reusability?" Q.7 "Which training do non-professional testers need to write better test M.01 Number of reused test cases (#) M.02 Time spent writing new test cases (hours) M.03 Time spent reworking test cases (hours) M.04 Group test case author belongs to ([core, dept]) M.05 Money spent reworking test cases ([$]) M.06 Number of outliers in reusability chart M.07 Percentage of test cases that has been reworked ([0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 100%]) M.08 Part of test case that has been reworked ([administrative data, input values, preconditions, test steps, expected results]) M.09 Number of changed revisions of test case (#) M.10 Type of project ([Class A, Class B, Class C]) M.11 Number of rejected test cases in reviews (#) M.12 Root causes for non-reusable test cases A. Q.1 - Q.7 and M.01 - M.12 as all are equally necessary B. Q.1, Q.2, Q4 and Q.6 with M.01-M.05, M.07-M.08, M.10 as exactly these are adherent to the given goal C. Q.3 is sufficient, but all M.01-M.12 answer that question D. Q.1, Q.5 and Q.7 are the only questions that need to be answered, M.02--M.04, M.09, M.11-M.12 answer the

Expert 2016 23. Which of the following high-level activities are parts of the "Initiating" phase of the IDEAL model? 1. Set context and establish sponsorship 2. Define performance indicators 3. Identify stimulus for improvement 4. Establish an improvement infrastructure (i.e., organization) 5. Set detailed objectives and establish test improvement team commitment 6. Plan assessment 7. Define impact of improvement measures Answer Set: A. Only 1, 3 and 4 are parts of the "Initiating" phase of the IDEAL model B. Only 1, 2 and 5 are parts of the "Initiating" phase of the IDEAL model C. Only 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are parts of the "Initiating" D. Only 1 and 3 are parts of the "Initiating" phase of the IDEAL model E. Only 1 and 4 are parts of the "Initiating" phase of the IDEAL model

Expert 2016 5p2. Which of the following statements are features of a bottom-up improvement approach? a. Ownership of the improvement process may be with a dedicated team. b. The scope of improvement typically covers no more than one or two projects. c. Presentation and negotiation skills are particularly relevant in achieving consensus on objectives and recommendations. d. The selected approach is often less formal. e. Detailed analysis of assessment results is required in order to find commonalities between the different projects.

Expert 2016 6p2. Which of the following would you expect to find in a test improvement plan? Answer Set: A. The scope of test process improvement B. General vision for the future of testing C.Establishing groups or team to implement the improvements D. Specific areas to be covered in each assessment interview E. A description of tasks to be performed, based on the recommendations.

Expert 2016 7p2. Thomas, the leader of the quality improvement group of GetDailyBetter.... Project A: Maintenance of existing product; approximately 2% of the software needs to be changed slightly to adhere to new / involved, testing mainly consists of regression testing done by a small testing team (1 test manager / tester, 1 automation tester, 1 experienced tester). - Project B: Adding new feature to an existing Regression testing will be done for integration testing with existing components; many new test cases need to be derived from the test basis. The testing team is composed of 1 test manager, 5 testers and 2 automation testers. The following projects will start later: - Project C: Starting in about 2 months, complete re product still in market, will run for about 2 years. 34 FTEs involved, testing team not yet defined. - Project D: Starting in about 4 months, new product similar to quite a lot of other products made by GetDailyBetter in the last three decades, will run for about 9 months. 15 FTEs involved, test manager already defined, budget allows for only five testers that a selected. - Project E: Start date sometime in next six months, duration between 18 and 24 months,completely innovative product. Development and test team not yet defined, but will be by theend of next month. Project manager and test manager alre - Project F: Has already been started last year, but was stopped because of more importantprojects. Should start again in two months from now. Staffing must still be defined but mostprobably will be nearly the same as beproducts are more easily and quicklyWhich of the following statements is correct? A. Project F is ideal to pilot the new bug report forms and analysis tools because quality is very important when building platforms. B. It may well be that the implementation of a test automation strategy...A, but it most probably is a different strategy than in the most other... must mote typical project that should therefore be preferred C. Project D is favored to projects B and C in piloting the definition of test levels with entry and exit criteria, new test level plans and usage of new metrics.E. Project E is not a good project to pilot the usage of new testing techniques because inno

Expert 2016 8p2. Why should a Test Process Group TPG ultimately be established on a permanent basis? Answer Set: (2) A.It can enable the institutionalization of changes to the testing process over a longer period of B. It can take on the coordinating of all process improvements in the organization C. It can direct the testing of the project to be process-compliant D. It can be used for experience sharing concerning testing E. It can functions as the test process 'owner'

Expert 2016 9p2. A company is planning its test process improvements and has asked for your advice on how best to organize the improvement. You are given the following background information: - The company is experiencing test process problems within many of its projects - Planned improvements to test automation shall be implemented at an off-shore location. - The organization has not assigned responsibility for developing the test process Which of the following organizational forms would you consider to be most appropriate? A. Establish a Management Steering Group (MSG) to coordinate test process improvements across the organization. The MSG has ownership of the test process. A Technical Working Group is set up to co-ordinate the test automation improvements and ensure good communication takes place. B. Establish a Management Steering Group (MSG) to implement test process improvements across the organization. The MSG has ownership of the test process and manages the contractual issues with the off-shore company implementing the test automation. C. A Test Process Group is a good thing, but the staffing could well be a problem. If the staff are taken from discontinued in-house project, there may be skills issues regarding test process improvements and there may be skills issues... D. A Test Process Group is set up within a major in-house project and staffed from within the project. The Test Process Group implements improvements which are relevant to the project and reports to the project leader. E. A Test Process Group is set up to co-ordinate improvement activities between the different projects. Staff from a discontinued in-house project are permanently assigned to the Test Process Group.

Q5. Assume that you are the Test Manager for a small banking application development project. You have decided to adopt a risk-based testing strategy and 5 product risks (R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5) have been identified during the quality risk analysis. The following table shows the risk level associated to these product risks (higher numbers mean higher risk): Table1 below: Product risk - Risk level: R1 - 12, R2-25, R3-4, R4-20, R5-25 55 test cases have been designed and implemented to cover all these 5 product risks. The coverage is described in a traceability matrix. This is the test execution status table, after the after the first week of test execution: About 56% of the planned test cases have been successfully executed. Assume that no additional product risks have been identified during the first week of test execution. Table 2 below: Product risk - Test cases ( planned - run - passed - failed) - defects (found - fixed): R1-25-13-12-1-1-0 R2-12-7-6-1-1-0 R3-8-8-8-0-0-0 R4-5-2-2-0-0-0 R5-5-4-3-1-1-0 Which of the following answers would you expect to best describe the residual risks associated with the identified product risks, at the end of the first week of test execution? A. Since R3 is the only risk for which all test cases have passed, the risk has been reduced by 20% B. The test execution status table indicates that the risk has been reduced by 56% C. The residual risk level can't be determined, because it requires that all the test cases have been executed D. The test execution table doesn't give an indication of the risk level of the open defects and the test cases that failed or are not run yet

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Q7. Test Tools and Automation -Assume you are the Test Manager in charge of independent testing for avionics applications.You are in charge of testing for a project to implement three different CSCI (ComputerSoftware Configuration Item):- a BOOT-X CSCI that must be certified at level B of the DO-178B standard- a DIAG-X CSCI that must be certified at level C of the DO-178B standard- a DRIV-X CSCI that must be certified at level A of the DO-178B standardThese are three different software modules written in C language to run on a specific hardware platform.You have been asked to select a single code coverage tool to perform the mandatory code coverage measurements, in order to meet the structural coverage criteria prescribed by theDO-178B standard. This tool must be qualified as a verification tool under DO-178B.Since there are significant budget constraints to purchase this tool, you are evaluating an open-source tool that is able to provide different types of code coverage. This tool meets perfectly your technical needs in terms of the programming language and the specific hardware platform (it supports also the specific C-compiler).The source code of the tool is available.Your team could easily customize the tool to meet the project needs. This tool is not qualified as a verification tool under the DO-178B.Which of the following are the three main concerns related to that open-source tool selection?Number of correct responses: 3 -K4 3 credits (2 credits out of 3 credits correct, 1 credit point) A. Does the tool support all the types of code coverage required from the three levels A, B, C of the DO-178B standard? B. Does the tool have a good general usability? C. What are the costs to qualify the tool as a verification tool under the DO-178B? D. Is the installation procedure of the tool easy? E. Does the tool require a system with more than 4GB of RAM memory? F. Is the licensing scheme of the tool compatible with the confidentiality needs of the avionics company?

The following are the requirements identified as critical: REQ-SEL-001. The user shall be able to combine all the three products with all the four durations to define an item to purchase REQ-SEL-002. The user shall be able to add a maximum of six different items to the shopping cart REQ-PUR-001. The user shall be able to purchase all the items in the shopping cart using a credit voucher REQ-PUR-002. The user shall be able to purchase all the items in the shopping cart using the available credit already charged on the smartcard REQ-PUR-003. The user shall be able to purchase all the items in the shopping cart using all the accepted credit cards (Visa, MasterCard and Great Wall Card) REG-LOGO-001. The user shall be able to logout (by clicking the logout button) from both the select and purchase pages going back to the browse page (anonymous navigation) Moreover the following quality risk item has been identified as critical: QR-P1. The web customer portal might not be able to provide the expected response time (less than 10 sec) for the purchase transactions under a load of up-to 1000 concurrent users Test analysis for system testing has just begun and the following test conditions have been identified: TC-SEL-01. Test the combinations of products and durations to define an item to purchase TC-SEL-02. Test the maximum number of items, which can be added to the shopping cart TC-PUR-01. Test the purchase of an item TC-PUR-02. Test the purchase of an item with the credit charged on the smartcard Assume that you have used traceability to determine the logical test cases that cover all the requirements and the single risk item identified in that scenario. Which of the following is a positive logical test that is complete, is correct, and covers the REG-LOGO-001 requirement? K3 2 credits - A. On the purchase page ("purchase state"), click the logout button; verify that the browse page ("browse state") is displayed B. On the select page ("select state"), click the logout button C. On the purchase page ("purchase state"), click the logout button; verify that the "Impossible to logout - complete or cancel the current transaction" message is displayed D. On the browse page ("browse state"), click the logout button

3. Exam 2019_De 2 (10Q-tm *)

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