3.10 honors segment one exam anatomy and physiology flvs

The following are required steps in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction: Calcium ions bind to troponin. Tropomyosin moves. Calcium pumps of the sarcoplasmic reticulum open. Myosin heads bend to attach to actin filaments. What would be the correct order of the steps above?

3, 1, 2, 4

Which activity is most likely to use fast twitch fibers?

A rabbit scurries into its burrow as a predator approaches.

In the skin, the epidermis can be compared to which of the following?

A wall that protects a country from invaders

An investigator is examining a crime scene for evidence. What type of scientist should she call to identify the human tissue found at the scene?

An anatomist, because they study the body's structures and cells

A disease deactivates the acetylcholine receptors at myoneural junctions. Would this prevent muscle contraction or muscle relaxation, and why?

Contraction, by preventing an action potential from traveling across the sarcolemma

Decreased estrogen levels allow osteoclasts to remain active beyond their normal lifespan. Based on this information, which of the following will result from decreased estrogen levels?

Decreased bone density and increased calcium in the blood

In a reflex arc, what is the destination of neural impulses beginning in one of the ventral roots of the spinal cord?

Effector

Which of the following correctly matches examples of endocrine and exocrine glands?

Exocrine = sweat glands; endocrine = pancreas

"The growth plates are the weakest areas of the growing skeleton. They are even weaker than the nearby ligaments and tendons that connect bones to other bones and muscles. This makes growth plates vulnerable to fractures." Based on this passage, what is the risk level associated with a child who has an epiphyseal plate fracture?

High, if the break includes the epiphyseal plate, because bone growth can proceed irregularly

"Osteonecrosis is a disease caused by reduced blood flow to bones in the joints. In people with healthy bones, new bone is always replacing old bone. In osteonecrosis, the lack of blood causes the bone to break down faster than the body can make enough new bone." Based on this passage and your knowledge of bone, what is one way that reduced blood flow could cause osteonecrosis?

Inadequate nutrients delivered to the osteoblasts

A doctor diagnoses a patient with a disease called polymyositis. The patient tires quickly when walking, has difficulty swallowing, and struggles to raise his arms above his head. This disease primarily affects which type of tissue?

Muscle

Which of the following is true regarding neural and endocrine responses?

Neural: faster and shorter in duration; endocrine: slower and longer in duration

Lamarr observed an increase in lactic acid within a cell culture. What does this suggest about the state of the cell culture, and why?

No oxygen in the cell culture, as the cells have switched to anaerobic respiration

Fibrodysplasia ossificans is a disease in which fibrous tissue, such as ligaments and tendons, are incorrectly converted to bone when damaged. Over time, the body loses flexibility as joints become locked in one position. Based on this information, which of the following would be unusually high in a person suffering from fibrodysplasia ossificans?

Osteoblast activity in connective tissue

Which of the endocrine glands below are located in the abdomen and are correctly paired with their function?

Pancreas: blood glucose levels; adrenal: emergency response

When you want to write, your brain must send and receive information from your hand. What type of nerve is most likely responsible for passing the information from the brain to the hand?

Spinal motor

As you walk home from the movie theater, you think that you hear footsteps behind you. Suddenly, you notice that your heart rate has increased and you are breathing quickly. What portion of the nervous system has been activated?

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Which of the following brain components could cause a patient to suffer imbalances in several hormones in his body at once?

The pituitary gland

The image above shows an anterior view of the superior end of the femur. What type of bone structure is identified by the arrow in the image above?

Trochanter