Cell Membrane

What type of environment is this? Which way does the water move? Inside: 98% water Outside: 100% water

Hypertonic In

The head of the phospholipid is made of an alcohol and ________ group, while the tails two chains of ________.

phosphate fatty acid

Describe what a phospholipid bilayer looks like.

phosphate circles with 2 fatty acid chains coming off the bottom

The cell membrane is also called the ________ membrane and is made of a phospholipid ________.

plasma bilayer

________ molecules such as water cannot move through while the ________ molecules can pass into or out of the cell.

polar nonpolar

These carrier proteins are often called membrane ________ because they move substances from ________ to ________ concentrations.

pumps lower higher

Hypertonic

the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is higher

Hypotonic

the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower

Isotonic

the concentration of solutes outside and inside are the same

Osmosis

the process by which water molecules diffuse across a call membrane form an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

Integral proteins play important roles in actively ________ molecules into the cell.

transporting

List 4 functions of the cell or plasma membrane.

1. Cell signaling 2. Selective transport 3. Remove wastes 4. Structural support

Which direction does water move across membranes, up or down the concentration gradient?

Down

What type of environment is this? Which way does the water move? Inside: 98% water Outside: 95% water

Hypotonic Out

What type of environment is this? Which way does the water move? Inside: 98% water Outside: 98% water

Isotonic in and out at the same rate

________ proteins lie on one side of the membrane and are not embedded.

Peripheral

Active transport moves ____ the concentration gradient or from areas of ____ concentration to _____ concentrations.

Up Lower Higher

Plasmolysis

a condition when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution and loses a lot of water and the cell membrane shrivels and pulls away from the cell wall.

Turgid

a condition when a plant cell is in a hypotonic solution and take on a lot of water. The cell wall prevents bursting.

cytolysis

a condition when an animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, takes on water and bursts

Cells use ________ transport to move materials up their concentration gradient from areas of ________ concentration to areas of ________ concentration.

active lower higher

The lipid that keeps the bilayer fluid and moving ________.

cholesterol

This is known as simple ________ because it does not require ________ and molecules are moving from areas of ________ concentration to areas of ________ concentration or ________ the concentration gradient.

diffusion energy high low down

Cells use energy to ingest materials by the process of ________ and to release them by the process of ________.

endocytosis exocytosis

Cells must expend ________ in the form of ATP for active transport mechanisms.

energy ATP

The phospholipids have a ________ (water loving) head and two ________ (water fearing) tails.

hydrophilic hydrophobic

Cell membranes also contain specific proteins called ________ proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer.

integral

Phospholipids make the cell membrane ________-permeable.

selectively