Cell Membrane
What type of environment is this? Which way does the water move? Inside: 98% water Outside: 100% water
Hypertonic In
The head of the phospholipid is made of an alcohol and ________ group, while the tails two chains of ________.
phosphate fatty acid
Describe what a phospholipid bilayer looks like.
phosphate circles with 2 fatty acid chains coming off the bottom
The cell membrane is also called the ________ membrane and is made of a phospholipid ________.
plasma bilayer
________ molecules such as water cannot move through while the ________ molecules can pass into or out of the cell.
polar nonpolar
These carrier proteins are often called membrane ________ because they move substances from ________ to ________ concentrations.
pumps lower higher
Hypertonic
the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is higher
Hypotonic
the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower
Isotonic
the concentration of solutes outside and inside are the same
Osmosis
the process by which water molecules diffuse across a call membrane form an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
Integral proteins play important roles in actively ________ molecules into the cell.
transporting
List 4 functions of the cell or plasma membrane.
1. Cell signaling 2. Selective transport 3. Remove wastes 4. Structural support
Which direction does water move across membranes, up or down the concentration gradient?
Down
What type of environment is this? Which way does the water move? Inside: 98% water Outside: 95% water
Hypotonic Out
What type of environment is this? Which way does the water move? Inside: 98% water Outside: 98% water
Isotonic in and out at the same rate
________ proteins lie on one side of the membrane and are not embedded.
Peripheral
Active transport moves ____ the concentration gradient or from areas of ____ concentration to _____ concentrations.
Up Lower Higher
Plasmolysis
a condition when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution and loses a lot of water and the cell membrane shrivels and pulls away from the cell wall.
Turgid
a condition when a plant cell is in a hypotonic solution and take on a lot of water. The cell wall prevents bursting.
cytolysis
a condition when an animal cell is in a hypotonic solution, takes on water and bursts
Cells use ________ transport to move materials up their concentration gradient from areas of ________ concentration to areas of ________ concentration.
active lower higher
The lipid that keeps the bilayer fluid and moving ________.
cholesterol
This is known as simple ________ because it does not require ________ and molecules are moving from areas of ________ concentration to areas of ________ concentration or ________ the concentration gradient.
diffusion energy high low down
Cells use energy to ingest materials by the process of ________ and to release them by the process of ________.
endocytosis exocytosis
Cells must expend ________ in the form of ATP for active transport mechanisms.
energy ATP
The phospholipids have a ________ (water loving) head and two ________ (water fearing) tails.
hydrophilic hydrophobic
Cell membranes also contain specific proteins called ________ proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer.
integral
Phospholipids make the cell membrane ________-permeable.
selectively