317 Lecture Prelims
Which of the following statements is true of crisis intervention? A. Focuses on identifying the stressors in the client's life B. Aims to resolve an immediate problem C. Focuses on the coping mechanism which was used by the client. D. Help the client develop problem solving skills
B. Aims to resolve an immediate problem
12. Regression can be best described as: A. Taking into oneself the traits, ideas, philosophies, beliefs of another person. B. Behavior persisting into later life that was appreciated at an earlier developmental phase. C. Condensing the attitude or ideals of several personalities. D. Imitation of certain attributes of another person
B. Behavior persisting into later life that was appreciated at an earlier developmental phase.
10. Which of the following is the first step in crisis intervention? A. Assessment of the situation thoroughly B. Identify stress producing situations for the client C. Initiate referral to relevant community resources which can help the client D. Encourage client to use adaptive coping mechanism
B. Identify stress producing situations for the client
Projection
Blaming others for unacceptable deeds or thoughts
An individual who is capable of making a sound decision and being responsible for whatever choices he/she made is said to have: A. A Self-actualization B. An integrative capacity C. An autonomous behavior D. A Positive self-concept
C. An autonomous behavior
11. Compensation consists of: A. Translating an emotional conflict into a symptom of physical illness. B. Forcing an unwelcome or threatening memory into the unconscious. C. Covering up for inadequacies D. Unconscious atonement for an unacceptable deed or impulse.
C. Covering up for inadequacies
Natasha often feels as though she has been displaced by her baby brother. She often tries to do "good deeds" by being overly responsible, serving as the caretaker of her baby brother, and taking on extra chores or activities. Which ONE of the following BEST represents the ordinal position of Natasha in her family? A. Second born child B. Youngest child C. Oldest child D. Only child
C. Oldest child
A mentally healthy individual is believed to have the ability to respond in a healthy manner in any stressful situations that makes him a wholesome integrated individual. This is called: A. Resourcefulness B. Hardiness C. Resilience D. Self-actualization
C. Resilience
Which of the following criterion of mental health is generally accepted? A. Happiness B. Absence of anxiety C. Self-acceptance D. Ability to control others
C. Self-acceptance
Belongingness
Community provides a sense of belonging — a group that one can identify as being a part of. A true sense of belonging includes the ability to feel that one is a part of the community that will embrace and appreciate a person's unique qualities.
Support
Community provides support in times of difficult situations. Knowing there are people, GOs or NGO's in the community who support you can help one feel safe and cared for, safe resulting to a positive outlook on life.
Mentally healthy individuals can be described as those who: A. Are free from any emotional and physical problems B. Are not exhibiting pathological symptoms C. Have insight into their own problems D. Are able to meet their own basic need of their own problems
D. Are able to meet their own basic need of their own problems
Prevention of mental illness is best achieved by? A. Assisting individual identifies her strengths and weaknesses B. Helping individual deals with physical illness C. Assisting individual deals with family problems D. Helping individual establishes successfully coping mechanisms
D. Helping individual establishes successfully coping mechanisms
All but one of the following is a characteristic of a self-actualizing person. A. Understand himself better than other people B. Share his opinion to others and stand for it. C. Considers the opinion of others D. Make full use of his potentials to achieve his/her goals
D. Make full use of his potentials to achieve his/her goals
The following are criteria of mental health: A. Positive attitude, reality perception, perfectionist B. Absence of anxiety, dedication to work, autonomous behavior C. Environmental mastery, reality perception, rigid conformity to rules D. Self-actualization, autonomous behavior, integrative capacity
D. Self-actualization, autonomous behavior, integrative capacity
Dysfunctional
Defense mechanism is ineffective. ADL and social functions are affected
PMHA programs
Education and Information Services (EIS) Clinical and Diagnostic Services (CDS) Intervention Services (IS)
Interpersonal Factors contributing to mental illness
F - Faulty family interaction & nurturing during childhood A - Absence of sense of belongingness I - Ineffective communication & interaction (withdrawal from relationship) L - Loss of emotional control
Malingering
Fabrication of an ailments
Adaptive
Facing and finding solution to the situation
Biologic Factors contributing to mental illness
Genetic Factor Neurostructural Factor. Brain defects or injury: Prenatal damage Brain chemistry
Fantasy
Gratification of wishes through imagination
Causes of conflict
Home environment, Occupational environment, School environment
Purpose
In the community, people fill different roles. These roles can give one a sense of purpose through bettering other people's lives. Having purpose, and helping others, helps give meaning to life.
Components of Mental Health
Individual or personal factors Interpersonal or relationship factors
Coping
Involves any effort to decrease the stress response - Coping mechanism can be constructive or destructive
Therapeutic use of self
It involves utilizing one's personality, experiences, and communication skills to build a therapeutic relationship and facilitate positive change in a client during therapy sessions
Organic
It is a disturbance caused by injury or disease affecting brain tissues as well as by chemical or hormonal abnormalities. Exposure to toxic materials, neurological impairment, or abnormal changes associated with aging can also cause these disorder
Psychosis
It is characterized by loss of reality testing, altered thought process ad presence of psychotic manifestation such as hallucination and delusions
Functional
It is characterized by unknown underlying cause or has no clear-cut etiologic factor to account for the impairment because it is difficult to investigate brain function during life.
Neurosis
It is referring to a class of functional mental disorder involving distress but not delusion or hallucination, where behavior is not outside socially acceptable norms. It is also known as psychoneurosis or neurotic disorder. No loss of reality testing
Self-awareness
It is the ability to recognize and understand your own thoughts, feelings, motivations, and behaviors.
Deinstitutionalization
It is the process of moving individuals out of institutions such as mental hospitals or other government-funded facilities into less restrictive community-based settings
Self-esteem
It refers to an individual's overall evaluation and perception of their self-worth and value
Institutionalization
It refers to the process of establishing something (like rules, practices, etc.) as a norm or standard within an organization or society.
Primary
It serves as a patient's first point of contact with a health professional who can provide outpatient medical care
PMHA was established on -------- with Dr. Manuel Arguelles as president due to the call for assessment of mental health problems induced by WW II.
January 15, 1950
Criteria of a Mental Illness
L- Lack of personal growth I - Ineffective coping with one's life events - Ineffective or non-satisfying relationship - Inability to meet own needs D - Dissatisfaction with one's characteristics, abilities, and accomplishments - Dissatisfaction with one's place in the world
Paraphilic Disorders
Many sexual-interest disorders are included in this group. Examples include sexual sadism disorder, voyeuristic disorder, and pedophilic disorder.
Narcissistic Defense Mechanisms
Most primitive mechanism - Usually used by children - Person who uses these defenses eliminate the need to cope with reality
Under frustration what are the physical factors?
Natural Calamities - Floods - Droughts - Earthquakes - Fire - Accidents
Criteria of Mental Health
P - Positive attitude toward self R - Reality perception A - Autonomous behavior I - Integrative capacity S - Self-actualization and personal growth E - Environmental mastery
Environmental Factors contributing to mental illness
P - Poverty, homelessness and presence of discrimination A - Abuse and violence I - Inability to make use of support and community resources N - Negative view of the world
Individual Factors contributing to mental illness
P - poor physical health A - any kind of loss I- ineffective coping and inability to distinguish reality from fantasy N- negative view of self
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
People with these diagnoses have problems associated with excessive use of alcohol, opioids (for example, oxycodone and morphine), recreational drugs, hallucinogens, and six other types of drugs. This group also includes gambling disorder
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
People with these disorders show symptoms of difficulty with emotional and behavioral self-control. Examples include kleptomania (repeated stealing) and intermittent explosive disorde
Normal and adaptive mechanism
Persons who use these mechanisms are viewed as having virtues Enhances the user a feeling of mastery and pleasure
Causes of Frustration
Physical factors, Societal factors, Economic factors, internal Factors
Elimination Disorders
Psychiatric disorders in this group relate to the inappropriate elimination (release) of urine or stool by accident or on purpose. Bedwetting (enuresis) is an example.
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders.
Psychotic disorders cause detachment from reality. People with these diagnoses experience delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking and speech. Schizoprenia is probably the best known of these illnesses, although detachment from reality can sometimes affect people with other psychiatric disorders.
Denial
Refusal to accept reality
Immature Defense Mechanism
Seen in adolescence and some non-psychotic individual. Lessen distress and anxiety provoking situations People who excessively use these defenses are seen as socially undesirable in that they are immature, difficult to deal with, and seriously out of touch to reality
Constructive coping mechanism
Tasked oriented (direct problem solving) Defense oriented (regulate response to stress through the use of defense mechanism)
Mental Health Act (R.A. 11036)
The Law proposes a mental health policy that aims to: - Enhance the delivery of mental health services, Promote mental health services, Provide accessible mental health care, Mental health services are proposed to be accessible from large-scale hospitals down to the barangay level, Promote and protect the rights of the individuals utilizing psychiatric, neurologic and psychosocial health service
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
The many psychiatric disorders in this group usually begin in infancy or childhood, often before a child starts school. Examples include attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, and learning disorders.
mhGAP
The program asserts that, with proper care, psychosocial assistance and medications, millions of people around the world could be treated for psychoses, epilepsy, depression, and suicide can be prevented, thus they may live a normal life.
Standards of care
These are established guidelines and criteria used to determine the quality of care provided in various fields, such as healthcare, social services, etc.
Sleep-Wake Disorders
These are severe sleep disorders, including insomnia disorder, nightmare disorder, sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome.
Sexual Dysfunctions.
These disorders of sexual response include such diagnoses as premature ejaculation, erectile disorder, and female orgasmic disorder
Gender Dysphoria
These disorders stem from the distress that goes with a person's stated desire to be a different gender. The diagnostic criteria in this group differ somewhat among children, adolescents, and adults
Depressive Disorders
These include disorders characterized by feelings of extreme sadness and worthlessness, along with reduced interest in previously enjoyable activities. Examples include major depressive disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is more severe than the more widely known premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS is not classified as a psychiatric disorder
Neurocognitive Disorders
These psychiatric disorders affect people's ability to think and reason. The disorders in this group include delirium as well as disorders of thinking and reasoning caused by such conditions or diseases as traumatic brain injury or Alzheimer's disease
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders.
These psychiatric disorders develop during or after stressful or traumatic life events. Examples include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder.
Bipolar and Related Disorders
This group includes disorders in which episodes of mania (periods of excessive excitement, activity, and energy) alternate with periods of depression
Other Mental Disorders
This group includes psychiatric disorders that are due to other medical conditions or that don't meet all the requirements for any of the other psychiatric disorder groups
Decentralization
This involves the transfer of decision-making power and authority from a central authority to lower levels within an organization or a system.
Self-disclosure
This is the act of revealing personal information or feelings to others, typically in a therapeutic or social context.
Centralization
This is the opposite of decentralization. It involves concentrating decision-making power and authority at a central level within an organization or system
Complications of Mental Illness
Unhappiness and decreased enjoyment of life • Family conflicts • Relationship difficulties • Social isolation • Problems with tobacco, alcohol and other drugs • Missed work or school, or other problems related to work or school • Legal and financial problems • Poverty and homelessness • Self-harm and harm to others, including suicide or homicide • Weakened immune system, so your body has a hard time resisting infections • Heart disease and other medical conditions
Maladaptive
Use defense mechanisms excessively
less adaptive
Use defense mechanisms temporarily
The PMHA provides guidance and educational programs for the ----- through collaborating with various private and public schools and colleges in the country.
YOUTH
Mental Health
a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and can contribute to his or her community
Personality Disorders
disorder involves a lasting pattern of emotional instability and unhealthy behaviors that seriously disrupt daily living and relationships. Examples include borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders
Tertiary
includes referrals to psychiatric institutions if the mental illness needs specialized care and more severe mental illness would require more rehabilitation. In the Philippines, most psychiatrists are in private practice, although some work in government institutions such as in the National Center for Mental Health.
Mental Illness
is a health conditions marked by alterations in thinking, mood or behavior that causes distress and/or impair individual's major functioning
Leon
is one of the first municipalities to have a comprehensive community-based mental health program in the country
Secondary
it includes referrals to psychologists and psychiatrists where short hospital visits and consultation-liaison services to other medical departments are made. Services includes assessment, counselling, and/or prescription drugs
Anxiety disorders
it involves focusing on bad or dangerous things that could happen and worrying fearfully and excessively about them. Anxiety disorders include Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and phobias (extreme or irrational fears of specific things, such as heights).
Compensation
making up for imagined handicapped or deficiency
Sublimation
most constructive mechanism - rechanneling socially unacceptable behavior toa socially acceptable one
Anticipation
planning ahead for a realistic expectation
Compromise
reciprocal give and take necessary in many relationships
Humor
seeing the lighter side of the situation
Conversion
transferring emotional conflict into physical symptoms
Philippine Mental Health Association
"a private, non-stock, non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental disorders.
Frustration
- Failure to satisfy a basic need because of either condition in the individual or external obstacles (Barney and Lehner 1953 - Condition of being upset in a satisfaction of a motive (Carroll, 1967)
Other Institutions that offer mental health services
- The Medical City - Philippine General Hospital (PGH) - Manila Doctors Hospital (MDH) - University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center (UERMMMC)
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
. People with these disorders experience repeated and unwanted urges, thoughts, or images (obsessions) and feel driven to taking repeated actions in response to them (compulsions). Examples include obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), hoarding disorder, and hair pulling disorder (trichotillomania).
Dissociative Disorders
. These are disorders in which a person's sense of self is disrupted, such as dissociative identity disorder and dissociative amnesia
Eating and Feeding Disorders.
.These psychiatric disorders are disturbances related to eating, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder
National Center for Mental Health originally named Insular Psychopathic Hospital, was established in ---- under the Public Works Act 3258
1925
The Association officially expanded its services to the adult population in ----- They now provide psychiatric, psychological, and counseling services to all sectors of society under CDS.
1960
They also launched Rehabilitation Care Services in ---- to assist in the recovery and reintegration of patients into the community
1962
Risk factors for Mental Illness
A history of mental illness in a blood relative, such as a parent or sibling Stressful life situations, such as financial problems, a loved one's death or a divorce An ongoing (chronic) medical condition, such as diabetes Brain damage as a result of a serious injury (traumatic brain injury), such as a violent blow to the head Traumatic experiences, such as military combat or assault Use of alcohol or recreational drugs A childhood history of abuse or neglect Few friends or few healthy relationships A previous mental illness
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder
A person with one of these disorders may have distressing and incapacitating physical symptoms with no clear medical cause. Examples include illness anxiety disorder, somatic symptom disorder (previously known as hypochondriasis), and factitious disorder.
Conflict
A struggle & a clash of interest, opinion, or even principles with other persons - A serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one - Dispute, quarrel, squabble, disagreement, difference of opinion
A person with a healthy personality is best described as someone who? A. Generally adapts successfully to stressful situations B. Does not experience social-sexual needs C. Has total awareness of the motivations for his behaviors D. Seldom uses defense mechanisms
A. Generally adapts successfully to stressful situations
13. Suppression can be best defined as: A. The conscious forgetting of one's undesirable experiences. B. The resumption of behavior typical of an earlier developmental level. C. The expression of unconscious conflict through physiological disorders. D. The barring of unacceptable id impulses from consciousness.
A. The conscious forgetting of one's undesirable experiences.
Adler believed that a child's ordinal position in the family plays an important role. Of the following statements, which ONE is the BEST statement about what Adler believed about the ordinal position of a child? A. The ordinal position is important for the child's development of sibling relationships, an event that has a significant impact on the family's pattern of relating. B. The ordinal position is important to the development of the relationship between child and parent, which has a significant impact on the security (or insecurity) of the child. C. The ordinal position is important for the child's development of a view of self and the world; and it has a significant impact on the child's developing pattern of living (of lifestyle). D. The ordinal position is important to the development of counselor insight into the client's beliefs, goals, and behaviors, which have a significant impact on the counselor-cli
A. The ordinal position is important for the child's development of sibling relationships, an event that has a significant impact on the family's pattern of relating.
