32.1, 32.2
Which tissue helps endotherms maintain body temperature in cool weather?
Adipose
This tissue is
Cardiac muscle
The pads that cushion the vertebrae are made of
Cartalige
Which one of the following is a function of cartilage?
Cartilage provides the supporting framework for the respiratory passages.
What happens if homeostasis is not maintained?
Cells lose the ability to carry out normal functions.
The tissue in the photograph is an example of ________ tissue.
Connective
The tissue shown in the photograph forms
Dense connective tissue
Which of the following requires the functioning of an organ system?
Digestion
The common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is found throughout North America. In the South, it is active year round. In the North, it is active during the warmer months but hibernates during the winter. It is commonly found basking on warm rocks during cool mornings. This lifestyle indicates that the snake is probably
Ectothermic
Animals that regulate their body temperature by producing heat with metabolic reactions are called __________.
Endotherms
What factor is responsible for each chemical reaction that helps maintain the internal biological environment within an animal?
Enzymes
Hair follicles are a variation of ________ tissue.
Epithelial
The lining of the respiratory system is composed of ________ tissue.
Epithelial
Which tissue type is most suited to areas of the body in which the cells need continuous replacement to repair damage from daily wear and tear?
Epithelial
Because of the freezing temperatures of the deep ocean, all deep-sea fish must be endotherms.
False
Cardiac muscle requires input from the nervous system to contract.
False
Hormones are secreted by exocrine glands directly into a body cavity or onto a body surface, rather than being transported by the blood.
False
Most of the homeostatic functions in the body are regulated by positive feedback loops.
False
The basement membrane of epithelial tissues produces a waterproof barrier of cells to protect the tissue above it.
False
The dermis of the skin is composed of stratified epithelium.
False
The extracellular matrix in dense connective tissue contains large amounts of calcium, which causes the tissue to harden and become solid.
False
The outer layer of the skin is the dermis.
False
When an animal's body temperature drops below normal, the body responds to raise the temperature using positive feedback loops.
False
Which of the following does not fit with the rest?
Fat
On a cool October morning you dressed warmly for a 10K race sponsored by a local charity, and about half way through the race you realize that you have stopped sweating in all the warm running clothes you put on and are beginning to feel faint and slightly disoriented. Why is this happening to you?
Heat stroke
In stratified epithelium, such as the epidermis of the skin, cell division occurs
In the cells at the base layer only
Why does simple epithelium work so well as a lining inside the lungs?
It allows for rapid diffusion of gases into and out of the lungs.
What is the purpose of a negative feedback system in governing homeostasis?
It counteracts changes in the environment that alter the cell's normal functioning.
Widely scattered cells embedded in large amounts of extracellular material composed of randomly arranged collagen fibers make up
Loose connective tissue
This feedback loop is an example of ________ feedback.
Negative
Nerve tissue is composed of nerve cells, which are also called __________.
Neurons
Together, the stomach, intestines, mouth, and esophagus form a(n)
Organ system
Which of the following statements is true?
Organs are formed from at least two tissue types that function together.
What is the name of the extracellular fluid that suspends the cellular portion of blood?
Plasma
The basement membrane in epithelial tissue
Provides streangh and support
Assume an animal lives in a mudflat that experiences low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels twice a day during low tides. How could this animal compensate for this situation when it actually needs oxygen and carbon dioxide for normal metabolism?
Reduce activity to slow down metabolism until better conditions return, as this will reduce its oxygen requirement.
The tissue in the photograph is
Skeletal muscle
Which of the three types of muscle is responsible for your ability to play the piano?
Skeletal muscle
You are given a sample of tissue to identify. The cells contain large amounts of protein arranged in stripes. When an electrical charge is applied to it, the tissue twitches and then relaxes. You classify this sample as ________ tissue.
Skeletal muscle
What is a major difference between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?
Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control; cardiac muscle is spontaneously active and involuntary.
The tissue shown in the figure forms
Skin
While working in a forensic lab, you are given a bit of tissue to analyze. It has several layers. The upper surface consists of dead, flattened cells. As you move deeper into the tissue, the cells look healthier. The bottom layer of cells is actively dividing. Under the dividing layer is an acellular protein goo. You identify the sample as ________ tissue.
Stratified epithelial
Which of the following is a true statement?
Sweat glands secrete a fluid that cools the body by evaporating water from the skin.
The blood vessels that provide nourishment for the skin cells are located in the dermis only.
TRUE
Which tissue contains large amounts of densely packed collagen fibers that run parallel to each other?
Tendons
Which of the following statements is true about tendons and ligaments?
Tendons connect muscles to bones and ligaments connect bones to bones.
Some animals, such as snails, crabs, and worms, cannot regulate the overall concentration of their bodily fluids. What would happen to one of these if hot, dry air evaporated some of the water in the tide pool where they live?
The body fluids of these animals become more salty as their bodies lose water.
Which of the following is a body temperature situation you would expect to find in an ectothermic deep-sea fish?
The temperature is so constant in the deep sea that these fish experience little variation in body temperature throughout their lives.
Connective tissues are made up of cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix, the consistency of which can vary from a liquid to a solid.
True
Glial cells provide structural and chemical support to neurons.
True
Maintaining homeostasis requires the coordinated efforts of multiple negative feedback loops.
True
The integumentary system plays a role in temperature regulation.
True
The maintenance of internal conditions within narrow ranges is known as homeostasis.
True
Which of the following is an example of a condition or characteristic that is regulated by homeostasis?
Water and salt concentration
What is the primary reason internal homeostasis must be maintained?
Wide swings in the internal environment interfere with normal metabolic reactions
Which of the following is a definition of homeostasis
a process whereby the body maintains its internal environment within a narrow range of conditions necessary for optimal cell functioning
Which of the following tissues is used for energy storage?
adipose
Which tissue type serves as a long-term energy storage depot as well as insulation for animals adapted to cold environments?
adipose tissue
How are cardiac and smooth muscles similar?
both are involuntary
Connective tissues include lymph, ligaments, tendons, and
cartilage
Blood is a type of ________ tissue.
connective
Cartilage, bone, and blood are examples of ________ tissue.
connective
In addition to the nervous system, which vertebrate organ system controls physiological processes in animals?
endocrine
The lining of the trachea is formed from ________ tissue.
epithelial
Which tissue is in direct contact with the external environment of an animal?
epithelial
The mucus that traps dust particles in the lungs is produced by
epithelial tissue
Which of the following is a function of white blood cells?
fight infection
Which of the following is an example of an ectotherm?
frog
What do biologists call groups of cells that are specialized to secrete substances outside the cells?
glands
Which of the following is responsible for surrounding, supporting, electrically insulating, and protecting neurons?
glial cells
What is a gland?
group of cells that secrete specific molecules or solutions
In humans, temperature sensors in the body measure the body's current temperature and send the measurement to the control center, the __________.
hypothalamus
Which of the following controls the temperature in endothermic animals?
hypothalamus
What is the purpose of hairy mammals erecting their fur in cold weather?
increase the thickness of their insulating fur to retain body heat
Large amounts of extracellular material are characteristic of
loose connective tissue
One biological example of a positive feedback system is
mammalian birth
Most body systems maintain homeostasis through ________ systems.
negative feedback
After eating a large meal of pasta, an individual's blood sugar levels are elevated. In response to this, the pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar levels. Once the blood sugar levels drop to the normal level, the pancreas stops secreting insulin. This is an example of
negative feedback loop
Which cells are designed to conduct electrical impulses?
nerve tissue
The retina of the eye responds to light, converting it into electrical impulses. The retina is made up of
neurons
Groups of tissues that function together form a(n)
organ
The skin is an example of a(n)
organ
What is the name of the hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth?
oxytocin
Hypertension damages the lining of the arterioles of the kidneys, which results in the release of molecules that further raise blood pressure. This is an example of a(n)
positive feedback loop.
Which of the following is a definition of epithelial tissue?
sheets of cells firmly attached to one another by connections, such as desmosomes and tight junctions
Which tissue is characterized by a basement membrane and a single layer of flattened cells with a free surface?
simple epithelium
Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?
skeletal
When you move your fingers to turn the page, you are using the nervous system and
skeletal muscle
An example of an organ is __________.
skin
The tissue shown in the figure is
stratified epithelium
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?
stress altering the normal menstrual cycle, which delays menstruation, which causes more stress
In the description of homeostasis, the term dynamic constancy refers to
the fact that even though physical and chemical changes do occur, conditions are kept within a range.
Similar cells that perform a particular function are known as
tissues
The ________ system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
urinary
In humans, the body needs to maintain oxygen levels within narrow homeostatic ranges. If the blood oxygen level drops below that range, the body responds by
using negative feedback loops to return the oxygen level to normal.
