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Research shows that learning has a moderate correlation with ______ and a weak correlation with ______.

task performance; organizational commitment

True or false: Research suggests that emotional intelligence is positively correlated with counterproductive behaviors.

true

Profit sharing depends on the performance of an entire company. What type of focus does this compensation plan have?

organizational

The type of emotional intelligence that consists of the recognition and evaluation of emotion in the people around you is called ____ awareness.

other

What term describes strains that result from stressors affecting the healthy or normal functioning of the systems of the human body?

physiological

What type of stressors are occasions such as marriage or graduation?

positive life events

What type of consequence is experienced by a sales rep who is given an unexpected bonus check for exceeding a quarterly sales quota?

positive reinforcement

At the entrance to the company's plant, there is a large electronic sign that reads, "This facility has gone 250 days and counting without a lost time accident." Based on this, it is likely that the company has a ______ culture.

safety

Janet has heard several news reports about assaults near her workplace. Now, when she leaves work late and is walking to her car alone, everyone she passes seems to look dangerous. What tendency does this demonstrate?

selective perception

Lindsay doesn't seem to recognize that, when she is irritated with a client or colleague, her tone of voice becomes strident and she makes sarcastic comments. In which dimension of emotional intelligence is Lindsay lacking?

self-awareness

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), ______ people rely on objective, clear evidence.

sensing

People in a culture that has a ______ focus tend to be most concerned with the past and present, not the future.

short-term oriented

Erich is taking the dental admission test and encounters a question that displays a 3-dimensional object and asks which of five holes it could fit through. What is this question assessing?

visualization

Which of the following schedules of reinforcement rely on the passage of time?

1. variable interval 2. fixed interval

Which of the following would be characterized as an extrinsic motivation?

Samantha's new boss frequently praises her for the quality of her work

Lump-sum bonuses have a high impact on motivation because the lump-sum bonuses link financial payments to the successful achievement of certain tasks.

True

explosive strength

Tyler leaped several feet in the air to spike the ball during the volleyball game.

What is the term for talents that allow people to do a range of related activities?

abilities

Conscientious employees prioritize ______ striving, indicating a strong desire to achieve task-related goals as a means of expressing their personality.

accomplishment

Esteem

accomplishment, recognition, personal worth

What are three common symbolic meanings of money?

achievement

Research has indicated that conscientious employees have higher levels of which types of commitment?

affective, normative

In the office Sandy is a friend to everyone and is always ready with a smile and encouraging words. She would likely be rated high on the Big Five personality dimension of

agreeableness

What do learners exhibit when they concentrate on the important behaviors exhibited by a behavioral model?

attentional process

The components of the ASA framework are attraction, selection, and ____.

attrition

At a crowded, noisy party, you are able to pay attention to the voice of your companion and tune out all the other conversations and noises around you. This is an example of which sensory ability?

auditory attention

Control

autonomy, accountability

What term refers to the tendency of decision makers to estimate the probability of something happening by how easily they can recall those events?

availability bias

Not very apparent component of organizational culture

basic underlying assumptions

Pascal fully intended to finish the quarterly sales report by the end of the day but is repeatedly interrupted by phone calls and questions from coworkers. What type of hindrance stressor is Pascal experiencing?

daily hassles

Alicia takes a test that is designed to measure her ability to solve a problem using a general rule that she has been provided. What would this test assess?

deductive reasoning

According to research, what kind of goals result in the greatest amount of success in workers?

difficult and specific

In track-and-field sports, ______ strength is typically required for long-distance running, whereas ______ strength would be required for sprints or high jumps.

dynamic; explosive

What theory asserts that motivation is based on what a person considers to be fair when compared to others?

equity theory

True or false: Abilities can be readily improved over time with training and practice.

false

A team of managers meets to identify several ways to cut costs in order to make up the projected budget shortfall this financial quarter. What is this step according to the rational decision-making model?

generating a list of alternatives

Which of following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action?

goal

The type of stressors that most often trigger negative emotions, such as anxiety and anger, are known as ______ stressors.

hindrance

People who believe that a successful performance will result in a certain outcome are experiencing ______.

instrumentality

In terms of equity theory, a(n) ______ refers to an employee examining others within the same organization.

internal comparison

Which term describes how hard people work towards something, where they apply their efforts, and how they continue to work towards their goals?

motivation

The dimensions of personality identified by psychologist Carl Jung are measured through use of the

myers-briggs type indicator (MBTI)

Hindrance stressors most often trigger ______ emotions, whereas challenge stressors most often trigger ______ emotions.

negative; positive

Most apparent component of organizational culture

observable artifacts

Which of the following are behavioral strains?

overeating

Harley earned a 3.9 GPA in her undergraduate program, and that bolsters her confidence about doing well in graduate school.

past accomplishments

Which of the following can facilitate a climate for transfer within an organization?

peer support, opportunities to use newly learned skills, perceived supervisor support

Direction, intensity, and ____ are the components of motivation that contribute to an employee's work.

persistence

After his company announced that it plans to cut 30% of the workforce within the next 90 days, Deon begins to experience chronic headaches and insomnia. These are ______ strains caused by stressors.

physiological

Anisha has a sunny, cheerful disposition and is the kind of person who always sees the glass as half-full rather than half-empty. Which of the following would best describe these personality traits?

positive affectivity

What type of consequence is docking an employee's pay because the employee came to work late?

punishment

When Alec aced his first test, he was convinced it was because he is smart and dedicated to his schoolwork. However, when he failed the second test, he blamed it on a poorly written test. What does this demonstrate?

self-serving bias

High-level executives and managers often feel physical and mental effects due to the ______ caused by their demanding jobs.

stress

Psychologists use the term ____ to describe a state of mental or emotional tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances.

stress

A(n) ____ is an event, experience, or other stimulus that causes an individual to feel stress and can result in strain.

stressor

Variable Ratio

At Mid-City Auto, the number of cars that agents need to sell during a quarter to earn a bonus often changes from quarter to quarter.

static strength

Barney picks up a heavy carton of canned goods to load it onto the delivery truck.

Which of the following would be characterized as an extrinsic motivation?

Bettina's new job has a lucrative bonus benefits package

dynamic strength

Wayne carries a lot of equipment in his backpack when he makes his rounds as a back country ranger.

Which of the following is the best example of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?

You continue to feed quarters into a slot machine, not knowing when it's going to pay off.

During his interview at Maxim Engineering, Rashad was told, "It's not unusual for our employees to work 10 or more hours of overtime each week during our peak season." This would be an example of

a realistic job preview

According to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural values, a feminine culture tends to value stereotypically female traits, such as ______.

caring about quality of life

Which type of belief prompt people to think that they have the capabilities needed to carry out the behaviors needed for a task?

self-efficacy

Which theory proposes that we tend to define our self-concept at least in part by the groups to which we belong.

social identity

Ads by Patagonia often ask consumer to purchase product only if they really need them. These exemplify an approach by Patagonia that goes beyond simple profits and reflect

social responsibility goals

Legend has it that a former assembly worker at the company suggested a small improvement in the manufacturing process that saved the company millions of dollars a year, and he was rewarded with a 10% bonus on the company's savings. This is an example of how ______ express the organization's culture that every worker counts.

stories

What is the term for the level to which a person can demonstrate physical force?

strength

Deon just learned that his company is going to announce layoffs by the end of the month. He is completely overwhelmed by this news and doesn't know how he's going to meet his financial responsibilities if he loses his job. What is Deon experiencing?

stress

Underlying Assumptions

taken-for-granted beliefs and philosophies that are ingrained in employees

According to goal setting theory, what are the three variables that determine whether supervisors' goals will affect their employees' work actions?

task complexity

Setting specific, challenging goals encourages workers to develop plans that teach them new things and answer their dilemmas. What term is used to describe these kinds of plans?

task strategies

Alana's manager has set a challenging goal for her to increase sales in her region by 10% over the next quarter. What process does Alana use to develop an approach to reaching this goal?

task strategy

A major proposition of ______ is that potential employees are attracted to an organization that has an organizational culture aligned with their personality.

the ASA framework

Raul compares himself with other employees in his company who are doing different jobs. What type of comparison is Raul performing?

company equity

Which of the following is defined as a group of people within an organization whose values, norms, and behavior clash with those of the dominant culture?

counterculture

A delivery driver unloads a truck and stacks boxes on shelves in the warehouse. This requires bending to pick up the boxes and stretching to place them on high shelves. Which of the following physical abilities would be most applicable in this job?

dynamic flexibility

Bettina has had a miserable day at work. However, she tells herself that, as bad as her job is, she's lucky that she has a job when the economy is weak and unemployment is high. Bettina is displaying ______-focused coping behavior

emotion

Galen observes a coworker start crying after a phone conversation. She goes over and, in a sympathetic tone, asks, "Would it help to talk about it?" Galen is providing ______ support to her coworker.

emotional

Harley is extremely nervous about being back in a classroom after almost ten years and is unsure about succeeding in an MBA program.

emotional cues

Employees with high ______ are fully absorbed and enthusiastic about their work and devote a lot of energy to the job.

engagement

Which of the following motivation theories considers the ratio between outcomes and inputs and recognizes that outcomes depend in part on what occurs in the lives of others?

equity theory

______ are the beliefs, philosophies, and norms that a company explicitly states.

espoused

When TeJay started his new job, he found the step-by-step process for logging into the company server set forth in a laminated document by computer. What type of information is represented by this document?

explicit

An employer who removes a consequence following an unwanted behavior by an employee engages in ______.

extinction

Britni is an outgoing, high-energy person, and her friends describe her as the "life of the party." Which Big Five personality dimension would this describe?

extraversion

Which personality dimensions of the Big Five taxonomy appear not to change dramatically throughout an adult person's life?

extraversion, openness to experience

According to goal setting theory, what are the three variables that determine whether supervisors' goals will affect their employees' work actions?

feedback

Gale is responsible for developing the organization's strategic plan. She and her manager meet weekly to discuss her progress. Which type of moderator on task performance does this exemplify?

feedback

From which source do employees learn about most important aspects of organizational culture?

fellow employees

The employees at a small manufacturing company receive a scheduled, automatic 2% increase in their salaries at the beginning of each fiscal year. What schedule of reinforcement does this demonstrate?

fixed interval

The determination with which employees establish a goal and the efforts they will take to achieve it is called

goal commitment

A performer who is able to juggle balls while on a unicycle is demonstrating which of the following?

gross body coordination

A networked culture, in which workers are friendly but work tasks are not interdependent and employees tend to "do their own thing" would be categorized as ______ in sociability and ______ in solidarity.

high; low

We use depth perception to determine ______ something is.

how close

When two companies join together in a merger, the nature of the new company's culture will depend on which of the following?

how similar the cultures of the two companies were to each other, the strength of the cultures of the two companies

Tony is a member of a small research team for a pharmaceutical company. One of the aspects of his job that he loves best is that he can readily point to his contributions to the team's projects and genuinely feels like he makes a difference in the success of the team. Which dimension of psychological empowerment does this demonstrate?

impact

An individual's self-confidence and need for achievement are considered ______ forces in motivation.

internal

A corporate slogan is one way organizations use ______ to express corporate values.

language

Change has never been Todd's friend. He generally likes routine, and he is most comfortable when he knows what his plans for the day are, what he needs to do, where he needs to be, and when he needs to be there. Based on this description, Todd would likely be rated LOW in which personality dimension of the Big Five taxonomy?

openness to experience

A collection of traits make up an individual's

personality

Steps of the Behavior Modeling Process

1. attentional processes 2. retention processes 3. production processes 4. reinforcement

Fixed Interval

At Anne's Design Shop, employees receive a paycheck on the 15th and the last day of every month.

What form of psychological empowerment are people experiencing when they feel that their work makes a difference and contributes to progress?

Impact

Which of the following would be included in the definition of organizational culture?

values, rules, attitudes

Rational Decision Making Process

1. Determine appropriate criteria for making a decision 2. Generate a list of available alternatives 3. Evaluate the alternatives against the criteria 4. Choose the solution that maximizes value 5. Implement the appropriate solution 6. Evaluate whether the solution delivered the expected outcome

What term describes the instinctive feeling or "gut instinct" we have when making a decision?

Intuition

Which of the following is the best description of the perceptual ability known as speed and flexibility of closure?

The ability to identify an arrangement of information even in the presence of other information that is potentially confusing.

Which Big Five personality dimension would be associated with someone who is kind, sympathetic, courteous, and caring?

agreeableness

Information acquired during the ______ stage of socialization occurs during an employee's recruiting and selection.

anticipatory

Jolene is graduating from college soon and has begun to investigate companies for which she may want to work. She is especially interested in the recruiting videos posted on YouTube by companies like Google, Microsoft, and Apple. Jolene is in which stage of the organizational socialization process?

anticipatory

Which of the following are examples of cognitive coping?

before meeting with an important customer, Alicia visualizes herself getting the order

After being fired from his job, Ben reappraised the situation and decided that, considering how stressful his job had been, he is glad to be out of that "pressure-cooker" environment. This is a form of ______-focused coping.

behavioral

Mark is worried that he won't be able to finish a work report on time, so he asks a couple of coworkers to help. This is an example of ______ coping.

behavioral

Ricardo's job has been enormously stressful over the past few months. As a result, he has started smoking again, despite the fact that he had quit years ago. This is an example of a(n) ______ strain.

behavioral

Espoused Values

beliefs, philosophies, and norms explicitly stated by an organization

The term ______ refers to exhaustion of the body and mind due to excessive and prolonged stress.

burnout

What is the best definition of satisficing?

choosing the first acceptable alternative considered

What kind of ability refers to an individual's ability to obtain and use information in order to solve problems?

cognitive

Katrina discovers that she is earning significantly more than a coworker with more experience. She justifies this by convincing herself that she is paid more because she puts more effort into the job than her coworker. Katrina's views are an example of

cognitive distortion

Which dimension of psychological empowerment refers to an employee's belief that they can perform their job successfully?

competence

Which of the following are supportive practices that help employees manage and balance their role demands?

compressed workweeks

People in the office can always count on Raquel to get the job done. She is methodical and detail-oriented, and her work is always completed on time. Which of the Big Five dimensions would this best illustrate?

conscientiousness

The Big Five personality dimension that is characterized by a person's attention to detail, thoroughness, organization, and self-discipline is referred to as

conscientiousness

Which element of attribution is involved when people assess whether a number of other people have behaved the same way in a similar situation?

consensus

Which dimensions do we use to judge whether a person's behavior was the result of internal or external elements?

consensus, consistency, distinctiveness

What is the element of attribution in which we determine whether someone usually acts in a particular manner when performing a given task?

consistency

What term describes the practice of providing positive reinforcement every time an employee exhibits a desired behavior?

continuous reinforcement

Identify the reinforcement schedule under which new learning is most rapidly acquired.

continuous reinforcement schedule

____ can be described as the personality of a society.

culture

What do employees engage in when they choose actions to solve a problem?

decision making

Claudia and her colleague Alicia were traveling to visit an important client when they encountered heavy traffic. Claudia was immediately highly agitated and stressed that they were going to be late for the meeting, whereas Alicia was unperturbed. Claudia's reaction is best described as her

differential exposure

People who score higher in neuroticism often perceive life events as more stressful than their less neurotic counterparts. This tendency is referred to as

differential exposure

When simple things go wrong during the day, Anika "freaks out" and is certain that she can't cope with the situation, rather than trying to reason it out. Anika's reactions are an example of

differential reactivity

A(n) ______ goal is one that stretches employees to perform at their maximum level while still staying within the boundaries of their ability.

difficult

Union Bank's website states that it "fosters a respectful and inclusive culture that appreciates all the ways our employees, customers, vendors, and community partners are both similar and different." Based upon this statement, which type of culture does Union Bank foster?

diversity

After being fired from his job, Ben reappraised the situation and decided that, considering how stressful his job had been, he is glad to be out of that "pressure-cooker" environment. This is a form of ______-focused coping.

emotion

Employee ______ is a combination of perceptions that motivate employees to devote themselves to their jobs.

engagement

After a team of managers has brainstormed ways to cut costs, they discuss the potential impact of each suggestion and whether it would solve the problem. Which stage of the rational decision-making model is this?

evaluating alternatives against the decision-making criteria

An employee from a culture with a low degree of power distance tends to

expect consensus-oriented decision making within the organization

Since her divorce, Therese has had trouble making the mortgage payment and paying off the credit card debt accumulated during her marriage. What type of nonwork hindrance stressor best describes Therese's experience?

financial uncertainty

Marcus is a facial reconstructive surgeon who prides himself on being able to correct conditions, such as cleft palates, with scarring that is barely visible because of his suturing skills. Which psychomotor ability would be the most important for such an occupation?

fine manipulative abilities

Which of the following are psychological strains that result from stressors?

irritability

How are cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence related?

it appears that they can be separate, since people with high cognitive intelligence might not have high emotional intelligence

How does the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) assess emotional intelligence?

it is based on questions about behaviors and preferences thought to reflect emotional intelligence

In which type of orientation is building competence more important than demonstrating competence?

learning

Which of the following characterize indulgent cultures?

leisure is values, freedom of speech is valued

Observable Artifacts

manifestations of an organization's culture, such as symbols, physical structures, language, and rituals

Adam is taking an exam in which he encounters the following problem: "Which would weigh more, a sphere of ice 1 foot in diameter or an ice cube 8 inches along each side?" What type of ability is this question designed to assess?

mathematical reasoning

In the context of work, what quality results from the feeling that job tasks are valuable relative to an individual's own ideals and passions?

meaningfulness

Which of the following are the most common methods to change an organization's culture?

mergers or acquisitions, changing organizational leadership

Research has suggested that conscientiousness has a ______ effect on job performance.

moderately positive

Research shows that as people grow older they become ______ conscientious, ______ agreeable, and ______ neurotic.

more; more; less

Which of the following statements about company culture is typically what occurs following mergers or acquisitions?

most merged companies operate with a differentiated culture for an extended time

Latika is someone who sees the glass as half-empty rather than half-full. She sees the problems instead of the opportunities and often seems to be cranky or unhappy. Which dispositional tendency does this describe?

negative affectivity

Alex is careful in filling out a monthly sales report correctly because he doesn't want to be criticized for any errors he might make. What consequence influences Alex's behavior?

negative reinforcement

Indira has always been a worrier and is frequently anxious or depressed. Which big five personality dimension would this best describe?

neuroticism

Which Big Five personality dimension is associated with feelings of anxiety, insecurity, or self-consciousness?

neuroticism

A custom jewelry business has just received its first big commercial order from a major retailer. The owner needs to determine whether to simply fill the order or hire an employee to fill it. What type of decision is this?

nonprogrammed

According to the transactional theory of stress, which of the following would be considered a work hindrance stressor?

not receiving guidelines needed to complete tasks

Kenyatta's Spanish course requires her to spend considerable time in the language lab at school to listen to Spanish language passages and then answer questions to assess her level of understanding. What type of verbal ability is being assessed?

oral comprehension

Deana is a gifted speaker. She seems to have a unique ability to convey her thoughts and beliefs to audiences in meaningful ways. In which verbal ability does Deana excel?

oral expression

One of Bob's strengths as a sales engineer is that he is quick to pick up on his client's feelings. He seems to know when they'll be receptive to his message and when he should "back off" and give them space. This is an example of which element of emotional intelligence?

other awareness

Which of the following are actions associated with the anticipatory stage of socialization at an organization?

participating in an interview, talking to members of the organization, reading the organization's website

Weakest job performance motivator

perceptions of equity

Anika's job as a proofreader for a large textbook publishing firm requires her to read copy and transcripts to make sure that there are no spelling, grammar, or typographical errors. Which of the following abilities directly relates to her ability to examine and compare words and letters quickly?

perceptual speed

Alexa has always been concerned about the environment. She is proud to work for a company that is known as an environmentally responsible retailer and gets 100% of its electricity from renewable sources. This is evidence that a good ______ exists.

person-organization fit

The degree to which an individual's personality and values match the culture of an organization is referred to as

person-organization fit

Dwayne wants to advance in his career, so he has enrolled in an MBA program and attends classes two evenings a week. This is an example of a what kind of stressor?

personal development

The structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior are referred to as

personality

High blood pressure, gastrointestinal problems, headaches, and heart disease are examples of ______ strains caused by stressors.

physiological

Which of the following would describe the dispositional tendency characterized by the quotation, "Some people grumble that roses have thorns; I am grateful that thorns have roses"?

positive affectivity

Tonia has a bad cold but goes into the office because she's committed to her job and doesn't want to fall behind. What term describes Tonia's behavior?

presenteeism

When stressors enter our lives, our bodies quickly judge situations and decide whether or not they are stressful. What is the name of this process?

primary appraisal

Iris gets stressed out when she shops at a crowded supermarket, so she changes her schedule to shop early in the morning when the store isn't as busy. Iris is using _____-focused coping to deal with the stressor.

problem

An emergency medical technician (EMT) must be able to assess quickly whether an accident victim has a medical problem even when the victim insists that everything is all right. This requires which type of reasoning ability?

problem sensitivity

Alicia has to order copier toner again, so she consults the online catalog of the company's office supply vendor to see if either of her preferred brands is on sale. What type of decision is this?

programmed

Juanita is surprised when a coworker makes a snide remark about the Democratic candidate in the mayoral race because she assumed that they had the same positive feelings about the candidate. What tendency does this exemplify?

projection bias

What name is given to the tendency to unconsciously assume that other people share your beliefs, attitudes, and values?

projection bias

In terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered outcomes?

promotions, pay

Dester's company announced that it would be cutting 30% of the workforce by the end of the quarter. Since then, Dester has been depressed and anxious. Dester is suffering ______ strains as a result of this employment situation.

psychological

What type of consequence occurs when someone in authority chastises an employee for taking longer breaks than allowed?

punishment

Conscientiousness

reliable, organized, hardworking

To encourage adaption to the organization's culture

require new employees to meet special requirements, provide role models for new employees

What are three common symbolic meanings of money?

respect

Alberto took an online assessment that measured his ______ by asking him to click an icon as quickly as he could when a red box on the screen turned green.

response time

Which cultural value corresponds to a society that tends to focus on establishing order and structure?

restraint

Every Friday at XYZ Company is casual Friday and employees are asked to bring in a potluck dish to share in the cafeteria. This is an example of how XYZ Company uses ______ to reinforce its casual and collaborative organizational culture.

rituals

A college offers faculty members a semester's paid leave if they wish to participate in a volunteer abroad program or volunteer at a non-profit organization. What is the term for this type of leave?

sabbatical

What is the term for the ability to perceive and understand the meaning of your own emotions?

self awareness

What employee motivator tends to produce the best professional results?

self-efficacy

A college dean asks an instructor to develop course lectures for an organizational behavior course by the end of the semester. In order to monitor progress against this goal, the instructor establishes mini-milestones, such as planning to develop lectures for at least two chapters per week. What term describes these internalized milestones?

self-set goals

Trina is a die-hard Green Bay Packers fan. She watches every game and knows each player's stats by heart. She refers to herself as a "cheesehead" and perceives other people favorably if she learns they are Packers fans as well. What element of faulty perception does Trina's attitude demonstrate?

social identity theory

Tyrone has a bumper sticker on his car that reads, "Iowa Hawkeyes Alumni - Be Loud, Be Proud!" and feels an immediate kinship with others who have graduated from the University of Iowa. What influence on perception does this demonstrate?

social identity theory

Which of the following emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling others' behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions?

social learning theory

The process by which individuals learn the values, expected behaviors, and social knowledge needed for their roles in the organization is referred to as

socialization

____ is the gradual process by which employees adapt to the culture of an organization.

socialization

What is the term for the functioning of people's respiratory and circulatory systems while they are participating in bodily activities for an extended amount of time?

stamina

Lakeisha believes that men are poor listeners. What does her attitude demonstrate?

stereotyping

What is the perceptual process through which we make assumptions about others on the basis of their membership in a social group?

stereotyping

What is the term for negative consequences, such as headaches, depression, or compulsive behaviors, that can occur when people do not have the ability to deal with stress?

strains

written comprehension

the ability to comprehend information when reading it

oral comprehension

the ability to comprehend what other people are saying out loud

oral expression

the ability to discuss information by stating it out loud

written expression

the ability to discuss information by writing it

The three major reasons why a company will acquire another company.

to acquire the technology the other company has, to bring into the company desirable characteristics of the other company's culture, to practice "innovation through absorption"

A group of new customer-service employees undergo a full-day orientation program in which they learn company policies, procedures, and how to operate the computer system. Which method of increasing employee expertise does this exemplfy?

training

______ are defined as recurring regularities or trends in people's responses to their environment.

traits

Jacinda went to a training session on the university's new online learning platform, but when she later logged into her classes, she realized that she still didn't know how to use the new system. This suggests that ______ did not occur.

transfer of training

Sarah had a rocky beginning with the company, but she has finally become an "insider." She has become adept at the functions of her job and gets along well with her coworkers. Sarah is in the ______ stage of organizational socialization.

understanding and adaptation

Harley's best friend recently earned an MBA from the same university and recommended the program enthusiastically.

vicarious experiences

Certain questions on the test to become a New York City firefighter ask the test taker to imagine how something would look when parts are moved or rearranged, such as how a fire scene would be affected if a portion of the building collapsed. What would such questions assess?

visualization

Existence

water, food, shelter

The term abilities refers to which of the following?

what people can do

In which of the following situations would people tend to feel the most control over a situation?

when they view the stressor as a challenge

Agreeableness

helpful, kind, cooperative

Openness

imaginative, curious, creative

A ______ culture tends to focus primarily on being bold, making money, and striving.

masculine

Neuroticism

moody, insecure, emotional

Which of the following are behavioral strains?

alcohol abuse

In terms of equity theory, what is the term for the process in which people think about things in new ways in order to regain intellectual balance, but do not change their behaviors?

cognitive distortion

A society that has a strong group orientation and emphasizes the interdependence of people would be categorized as having a high degree of

collectivism

Which of the following are organizational practices designed to reduce strains on employees?

employee assistance programs

An example of a test measuring emotional intelligence is ____.

Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQI)

Ted has always been a hard-driving, competitive individual. He talks fast, walks fast, eats fast, and gets angry fast. Ted would likely be described as exhibiting the Type ____ Behavior Pattern.

A

Fixed Ratio

At Rentals4You, agents get a bonus for every 5 apartments they show that are leased.

Variable Interval

At Samir's Diner, the manager checks the cleanliness of the public restroom at random times during the day to make sure employees are keeping it clean.

Elena failed her last test. She blamed it on the fact that the test was poorly written and the room was too noisy for her to concentrate, not that she didn't study for the test. Based on this information, it appears that Elena has a(n) ______ locus of control.

External

Which of the following cultures resonates well with today's job applicants, in addition to helping with the greater social good?

a sustainability culture

When hiring potential employees, many organizations give cognitive _____ to determine whether the people will be able to perform specific job tasks.

ability tests

Which of the following are examples of cognitive coping?

after a terrible day at work, Bettina considers quitting her job

The Big Five dimensions of personality are conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion, and ____.

agreeableness

To discourage adaption to the organization's culture

allow new employees to interact with current employees during orientation, orient new employees individually rather than as a group

The transactional theory of stress attempts to explain stress in terms of three components: perception, ______, and response.

appraisal

Taken-for-granted beliefs and philosophies that employees act on almost automatically instead of questioning the validity of their behaviors in a given situation is referred to as

basic underlying assumptions

What theory of motivation suggests that motivation depends on individuals' perceptions of their life and what occurs in lives of others?

equity theory

In her job as an annuity specialist at a financial services firm, Raquel regularly fields calls from clients who want to make withdrawals or reallocations. Since she perceives these duties to be routine, how would she categorize these less stressful duties?

benign job demands

The model that suggests that personality can be categorized across five personality dimensions is known as the

big five

Emilie has worked as an animal control officer at the county animal shelter for years and the constant stress has finally caught up with her. She is continually exhausted and has reached the point where she doesn't care about her job and is disillusioned with everything. Emilie is experiencing ____ due to this prolonged stress.

burnout

The type of stressors linked to the attainment of education and achievement are known as ______ stressors.

challenge

Jaime was interviewing for a cashier position at the local supermarket. As part of the hiring process, she was required to take a personality test in which she was asked, "If you received an extra $1.00 in change when you purchased groceries, would you keep it?" It would appear that Jaime has taken a(n) ______ test.

clear purpose

A recent study has found that people who have lower levels of ______ can still succeed at their jobs if they have higher levels of emotional intelligence.

cognitive intelligence

Agreeable employees value ______ striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.

communion

To capitalize on the expertise of its employees in developing new products, a multinational consumer electronics company established groups of engineers in its various divisions to share knowledge, design methodologies, and design successes and failures. What term describes this action?

communities of practice

Tyler works in customer service for a large financial services firm but wants to ultimately work as a financial analyst, so is taking advantage of training opportunities and seeking challenging assignments that can enhance work skills. Which dimension of psychological empowerment is Tyler attempting to build ?

competence

What is the term for the actions and beliefs people use to face stress and the emotions caused by stress?

coping

Which strain has been shown to be most closely tied to the Type A Behavior Pattern?

coronary heart disease

In order to explore similarities in ____, Project GLOBE groups countries together into country clusters, such as Anglo, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.

cultural values

The manifestations of an organization's ____ that employees can easily see and talk about are its observable artifacts.

culture

The shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations is referred to as

culture

A(n) ______ culture focuses on serving the customer above all other objectives.

customer service

What is the term for the types of hindrance stressors that are less important but interfere with the more important types of work that need to be completed?

daily hassles

Which of the following are psychological strains that result from stressors?

depression

Meaning

development of personal potential; achievement of higher purpose

A company's employees work both in sales and in record-keeping. When the company introduces a sales contest, it is most likely to affect the staff's ______ of effort.

direction

The type of strength involved in harnessing energy over a long period is known as ____ strength.

dynamic

Jason has always been unsure of himself and his job skills, so when the boss gives him a new task, he experiences feelings of fear and anxiety that make him sure he won't succeed. Which determinant of self-efficacy does this represent?

emotional cues

What term describes the tendency to continue with an apparently bad decision or allocate more resources to a failing course of action?

escalation of commitment

On its website, L.L. Bean states its golden rule: "Sell good merchandise at a reasonable profit, treat your customers like human beings, and they will always come back for more." This golden rule is an example of L.L. Bean's

espoused values

Somewhat apparent component of organizational culture

espoused values

The primary aspects of an organization's culture include which of the following?

espoused values, basic underlying assumptions, observable artifacts

Although he is not devout, Johann grew up as a Roman Catholic in an Italian neighborhood, and he believes that other religions are inferior. This is an example of

ethnocentrism

The propensity to view your own cultural values as "right" and the values of other cultures as "wrong" is known as

ethnocentrism

An individual's belief that effort will result in positive outcomes is known as ______.

expectancy

When she got her final project back in class and saw a failing grade, Britney wanted to break into tears and run from the classroom. Instead, she took a deep breath and tried to "keep her cool" until she was alone and could express her frustration. This is an example of which element of emotional intelligence?

emotional regulation

Which theory of motivation proposes that work effort is directed toward positive experiences and away from negative ones?

expectancy theory

Yoga instructor Dihanna is able to slowly twist or turn her body into an incredible variety of positions. This ability is known as which kind of physical ability?

extent flexibility

What type of motivation occurs when success is recognized and rewarded by other people?

extrinsic motivation

True or false: An organization's espoused values are the same as its enacted values.

false

True or false: Changing leadership always creates stronger organizational cultures.

false

True or false: Companies that have a reputation as an organization that values learning tend to receive lower-quality job applicants.

false

True or false: If any of the three beliefs of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence is higher than zero, motivation will be higher than zero.

false

If people can move their bodies in different positions and directions, which physical ability do they possess?

flexibility

Which of the following are supportive practices that help employees manage and balance their role demands?

flextime

When ground beef is advertised as "75% lean," sales are higher than when it is advertised as "25% fat." What decision-making bias does this demonstrate?

framing

"Money is a tool to enable me to travel and do what I want." Which dimension of the symbolic value of money is emphasized in this statement?

freedom

What are three common symbolic meanings of money?

freedom

Relatedness

friendship, companionship, acceptance

The cultural dimension identified by the GLOBE Project that reflects the degree to which the society supports planning for years to come and upcoming generations is referred to as

future orientation

According to research, which of the following appears to have the strongest positive correlation with task performance?

general cognitive ability

What does the term g-factor signify?

general cognitive ability

According to goal setting theory, what are the three variables that determine whether supervisors' goals will affect their employees' work actions?

goal commitment

Which of the following refers to the capability to control movements of different body parts while the entire body is moving?

gross body coordination

Which of the following are organizational practices designed to reduce strains on employees?

health and wellness programs

When Linda is deciding where to eat in an unfamiliar area, she counts the number trucks parked in the restaurant's parking lot, because she has heard that truck drivers know all the good places to eat. What term describes this idea?

heuristic

What are simple, efficient "rules of thumb" that we use to help us make decisions more easily?

heuristics

Research has shown that people who experience ______ levels of challenge stressors tend to have ______ levels of job performance.

higher; higher

Research has shown that employees who experience ______ levels of hindrance stressors tend to have ______ levels of task performance.

higher; lower

People who experience higher levels of ______ stressors tend to have lower levels of organizational commitment.

hindrance

People who value personal freedom and self-sufficiency and who prioritize watching out for their own well-being and that of their close family members can be described as

individualistic

Several engineering and IT firms utilize ______ tests in selecting applicants for jobs. These tests assess applicants' abilities to work with unfamiliar information and see patterns and draw conclusions based on that information.

inductive reasoning

People using ______ look at specific information to reach a general conclusion, whereas people using ______ apply general rules to specific information.

inductive reasoning; deductive reasoning

Project GLOBE divided collectivism into two groups: ingroup collectivism and ______ collectivism.

institutional

Louisa sees a classmate struggling to make a chart in Excel for a class project. She says, "I found an easy way to do that. Would you like me to show you?" Louisa is offering ______ support to the classmate.

instrumental

There are two major types of social support that people may receive when they are confronted with stressful demands: emotional support and ____ support.

instrumental

A student believes that doing well on the next test will ensure an A in the course. These thoughts demonstrate what type of belief?

instrumentality

The term ____ describes the belief that, "If I do a good job, I'll receive the outcome I desire."

instrumentality

LaKesha's prospective employer required her to take a personality test in which she was asked, "Do you think it is stealing to take small items home from work?" and "Is it acceptable to switch price tags on merchandise in a store so you can purchase them at a lower cost?" What type of personality test has LaKesha most likely taken?

integrity

What is term for the level of effort that motivated employees put forth?

intensity

When an individual experiences psychological empowerment, performing the work tasks serves as its own reward. What kind of motivation is this?

intrinsic

Shimray is convinced that he can predict a job applicant's future performance better through a 5-minute meeting than through evaluating pre-employment test scores or reference checks. What basis is Shimray using to make hiring decisions?

intuition

Teri works in the secretarial pool of a large law firm. She compares her ratio of outcomes and inputs with that of the other secretaries in the firm. What type of comparison is Teri performing?

job equity

Lockheed Martin's slogan is, "We never forget who we're working for." This slogan is an example of which of the following observable artifacts that create and reinforce organizational culture?

language

A process in which a more experienced member of the organization is assigned to act as an adviser, counselor, or guide to a junior employee is known as ____.

mentorship

According to expectancy theory, which of the following statements concerning motivational force is true?

motivation increases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes

What is the term for the talent to comprehend the words and sentences that other people speak?

oral comprehension

The cultural dimension identified by the GLOBE Project that reflects the extent to which the society supports doing things well and growth is referred to as

performance orientation

Whenever the professor asks a question in class, Matt looks anywhere in the classroom except at the professor so that she won't call on him. He is afraid of giving a wrong answer and making a fool of himself in front of his classmates. What type of goal orientation is Matt demonstrating?

performance-avoid

______ refers to the degree that people tend to accept an unequal distribution of power within a society or organization.

power distance

What term describes decisions that become almost automatic because your knowledge allows you to recognize and identify the situation and the course of action?

programmed

______ ability includes two types of mathematical capabilities: mathematical reasoning and number facility.

quantitive

The stress that results when employees perceive discrepancies between their preemployment expectations and the on-the-job experience is known as ______ shock.

reality

What kind of ability involves the ability to sense and solve issues using perception, guidelines, and logic?

reasoning

Which of the following would be considered "positively valenced" outcomes for most people?

recognition

A hockey goalie hears the sound of a puck being shot and has to quickly determine how to move his body in order to stop the puck from entering the net. Which psychomotor skill would be most important in the goalie's job?

response orientation

Every day at the same time, the team at Kaymoz Electronics holds a 10-minute stand-up meeting to bring everyone up to date on project status. This stand-up meeting is an example of how ______ are used to reinforce its punctual and energetic organizational culture.

rituals

What term is used to describe a paid or unpaid leave of absence provided for study and research, travel, community service, or personal renewal?

sabbatical

Which of the following would be considered "positively valenced" outcomes for most people?

salary increase

What type of decision making are you engaged in when you are not looking for the very best alternative, but instead accept the first alternative that meets minimum requirements?

satisficing

Primary appraisal answers the question "Is this stressful?" and ____ appraisal poses the question "What should be done?"

secondary

One of the aspects that Ricardo loves best about running a branch office is that the people in headquarters leave him alone and give him considerable latitude in making decisions for the branch. Which component of psychological empowerment does this represent?

self-determination

Which dimension of psychological empowerment is experienced by employees who have a degree of autonomy in their work tasks?

self-determination

An employee with little experience in event planning is convinced they have the ability to plan a successful company holiday party. What type of belief does this demonstrate?

self-efficacy

Strongest job performance motivator

self-efficacy

Realistic job previews, newcomer orientations, and mentoring are all ways to speed up the ______.

socialization process

A popular way of categorizing organizational cultures is along two dimensions: sociability (how friendly workers are) and ____ (how much workers act and think alike).

solidarity

Laila owns an executive search firm and has established a goal for each of her recruiters to make contact with 25 or more potential candidates each day. This illustrates which of the following concepts of S.M.A.R.T. goals?

specific, time-sensitive, measureable

Mikayla was sure that she was going to be able to run the entire 5K race, but she became exhausted halfway through the race and was unable to continue. This showed that Mikayla lacked the necessary..

stamina

What is the term for the negative consequences associated with stress?

strains

Psychologists use the term ______ to describe a state of mental or emotional tension from adverse or demanding circumstances.

stress

Which of the following best characterizes task complexity under goal setting theory?

the difficulty of performing and learning about a task and whether the task changes

How do hindrance stressors affect job performance?

they create negative feelings about the job

What is most likely to happen if employees feel that they have less equity in their workplaces?

they would take actions against their workplaces

Alyssa believes that decisions should be made based upon facts and logic, not on emotions or other subjective factors. According to the MBTI, Alyssa would likely have a(n) ______ orientation.

thinking

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), managers are most likely

thinking and judging

Which of the following is the major way of communicating organizational culture to its workforce?

through observable artifacts

Keyara does her best work when she has a tight deadline for a project because she focuses instead of being distracted. This is an example of what type of work challenge stressor?

time pressure

Hospitals may offer stress management programs for its employees to help them recognize sources of stress and teach them stress-reduction skills. What is the name for this type of program?

training intervention

True or false: Most organizations use some form of orientation training process for new employees.

true

An employee who prefers a workplace where there are clearly defined rules, policies, and procedures that dictate how jobs are supposed to be done would likely have a high level of

uncertainty avoidance

The extent to which a culture can handle uncertainty and lack of clarity is referred to as

uncertainty avoidance

Mentoring generally occurs at which stage of the socialization process?

understanding and adaptation

Keri works best under pressure. The more important a proposal is or the tighter her time deadline, the more focused she becomes. Which dimension of emotional intelligence does this represent?

use of emotions

The degree to which people can use their emotions in a positive manner in order to reach their goals successfully is what component of emotional intelligence?

use of emotions

Which of the following types of personality tests does not reference dishonesty directly but assesses more general personality traits that are associated with dishonest acts?

veiled purpose test

What is one major factor people consider when choosing coping strategies?

whether they believe the strategies have a good chance to succeed

The GE Financial Management Program is designed to help potential employees develop leadership and analytical skills by cycling them through short-term, key assignments in financial planning, accounting, operations analysis, auditing, forecasting, cash management, and commercial finance. What type of work challenge stressor does this demonstrate?

work complexity

What is the term for the amount of obligations a worker has regarding others?

work responsibility

Johanna's professor asked the class to read a short passage and answer questions designed to test their understanding of the material. What type of verbal ability test did the professor use?

written comprehension

According to research, employees who experience higher levels of ______ stressors tend to have higher levels of organizational commitment.

challenge

To encourage innovation, Abels Electronics has a generous patent reward system. Employees are paid $500 when an invention is submitted to the Patent Office as a patent application, and up to $5,000 when the patent is issued. It would appear that Abels Electronics has a ______ culture.

creativity

The ability known as ____ ability refers to talents related to the comprehension and discussion of words spoken out loud and written on paper.

verbal

Each year, top sales consultants for Mary Kay Cosmetics earn the use of a signature pink Cadillac, and the keys are presented to these consultants at an elaborate awards banquet. This is an example of the use of ______ to reinforce organizational culture.

ceremonies

The Academy of Management has an annual conference in which it installs officers and presents awards. This is an example of a ______ that is part of the Academy's organizational culture.

ceremony

What kind of test measures an individual's verbal, numerical, and abstract reasoning in order to assess an ability to acquire, retain, organize, and apply information?

cognitive

Kendra has been working for Harmon Electronics as a quality-control inspector for three years. She learns that a coworker with less experience and less time with the company is earning more than she is. What role does Kendra's coworker fulfill, according to the equity theory?

comparison other

Autonomy, self-sufficiency, and responsibility would be categorized as ______ needs.

control

In the design engineering department at Jokhari Designs, a sign reads, "Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new." It would appear that Jokhari has a ______ culture.

creativity

Tomasz appears to have a strong ability to understand and regulate his emotions and to perceive the emotions of others. According to these traits, Tomasz has a high level of what?

emotional intelligence

Which stage of the organizational socialization process starts when the employee commences work with the company?

encounter

What process are dance students demonstrating when they repeat a dance step after watching their instructor perform it?

behavioral modeling

Jacquie is bidding against several other people on an item at an auction. She knows the bid is already higher than what she originally wanted to pay, but she doesn't want to give up, so she keeps bidding. What type of decision-making problem does this demonstrate?

escalation of commitment

A large oil and gas company publicly states that it is a "green" company, despite several oil spills and refinery explosions due to poor maintenance. This is an example of a(n)

espoused value that differs from an enacted value

A mission statement that lays out an organization's central principles is an example of ______, a component of organizational culture.

espoused values

True or false: Strong cultures are always positive for organizations.

false

True or false: There are no tests for measuring emotional intelligence.

false

What is the term for employer practices that are intended to help employees with personal problems, such as alcohol and drug dependencies, financial problems, or marital difficulties?

health and wellness programs

The cultural dimension identified by the GLOBE Project that reflects the degree to which the society supports kindness towards and consideration of other people is referred to as

humane orientation

Tasha loves to travel, especially internationally. She enjoys trying new cuisines, seeing new things, and meeting people from different cultures. Which personality dimension of the Big Five taxonomy does this best describe?

openness to experience

Whenever the professor asks a question in class, Hermione's hand is the first one in the air because she likes to show classmates just how much she knows about the subject. Hermione has a ______ orientation.

performance-prove

What term describes the tendency for people to interpret their environment based on their own expectations, experience, and attitudes?

selective perception

Extraversion

sociable, assertive, talkative

What type of ability enables a person to look at a diagram or layout of an area and determine his or her position in that area?

spatial orientation

The concept that a person possesses underlying intelligence that influences overall performance on mental-ability tasks is known as what?

the g-factor

When you compare your situation with that of a comparison other, you realize that your ratio of outcomes to inputs is significantly less than the other person's. According to equity theory, you would now perceive yourself to be in which state?

underreward inequity

During his interview, Jack was required to take a personality test in which he was asked a series of true-or-false questions, such as "I often act quickly without thinking things through" and "I usually plan things carefully ahead of time." It would appear that Jack took a(n) ______ test.

veiled purpose

Which of the following types of personality tests does not reference dishonesty directly but assesses more general personality traits that are associated with dishonest acts?

veiled purpose tests

Harley enrolls in an MBA program because friends and family have convinced her that she can succeed.

verbal persuasion

New supervisors at Quality Engineering are required to attend a training program in which they learn how to do performance reviews for their subordinates. The employees watch the trainer conduct a performance review and then participate in role play in which they conduct mock performance reviews on each other. What name is given to this type of program?

behavior modeling training

If people are using actions to deal with stress, they are engaging in ______ coping.

behavioral

Dusty has been on the job only for a few days, but he has already learned while talking with his coworkers that using even mild curse words on the job is strictly frowned upon, so he has "cleaned up" his vocabulary. What term describes what Dusty did?

behavioral modeling

People consider ______ job demands less stressful.

benign

The manager of the software engineering department at a company allows his employees to choose their own work hours, as long as they get their projects done on time. The engineers tend to keep to themselves and many work strange hours, coming in late at night and then leaving mid-morning, Yet the goals of the department are closely aligned with those of the company as a whole. This would describe a ______ within the organization.

subculture

Sales associates at Office Depot are required to wear solid black slacks, black socks and shoes, and red polo style shirts. This uniform makes employees readily identifiable to customers and creates a sense of solidarity among employees. This uniform is an example of which artifact of the corporate culture at Office Depot?

symbols

To promote a culture of hygiene awareness in a nursing home, all nursing staff, housekeepers, and food handlers wear buttons on their uniforms reading, "Ask me if I've washed my hands." These buttons would best describe which observable artifact of the nursing home's culture?

symbols

Which of the following are behavioral strains?

teeth grinding

Which of the following are supportive practices that help employees manage and balance their role demands?

telecommuting

An employee complains after a performance review, "I don't get it. I got the top rating in the department, but I got the same raise as everyone else, even the slackers. Obviously, our raises don't depend on how hard you work or how good a job you do!" According to expectancy theory, this employee would be described as having low ______ .

instrumentality

Jolene doesn't believe that "luck happens"; she thinks you make your own luck in life. Based on this information, it appears that Jolene has a(n) ____ locus of control.

internal

Bev and Noah are librarians at Summit Elementary School. Bev works on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, and Noah works on Tuesdays and Thursdays. They divide the single librarian position, salary, and employee benefits proportionately. What is the name for this type of arrangement?

job sharing

Starbucks refers to its workers as "partners." Target calls its customers "guests" and its employees "team members. " These are examples of how ____ is used to express organizational culture.

language

What term is used to describe the permanent change that results when an employee's experience increases a knowledge or skill?

learning

A mercenary culture, in which employees are not necessarily friendly but need each other to achieve the goals of the organization, would be categorized as ______ in sociability and ______ in solidarity.

low; high

The two main types of spatial ability are and spatial orientation.

visualization

Ramel had promised to take his father to lunch for his 75th birthday, but his boss scheduled an emergency staff meeting, and the lunch had to be cancelled. What kind of stressor is Ramel experiencing?

work-family conflict

What is the term for the ability to express ideas using the written word?

written expression

A circumstance in which two people meet for the first time is referred to as a(n) ______ situation.

zero acquantance


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