3702 final
Wilson's Central Terminal can be defined as the reference point for the augmented leads and limb leads. -True -False
False
Accepts frequencies below 10 Hz
low pass
These following biological characteristics significantly aid in the detection of EEG signals.
- Density of axons - column organization of axons
We have to discard the normal distribution and use the t distribution when:
- dont understand variance - less than 30 samples
Which of the following cannot be used to reduce systematic error of a measurement system?
- increase population - stats - average measurements
Fo how many electrical components it takes to make an op amp. Look carefully and look up online. Take your time.
- resistor -capacitor -transistor
A higher spatial resolution is preferable when analyzing a signal. How do I attain this with EMG?
-Needle electrodes - signal processing -adding electrodes -de-noising the signal
What components do I need to setup an amplifier and filter for a signal (ex. EMG)?
-resistors -operation amp -capacitors
How many augmented leads
3
How many bipolar limb leads
3
How many precordial leads
6
8 - 13 Hz
Alpha
Where would the most likely source of noise (biopotential, equipment, or analysis) in the following statement: "I am unsure what statistical test to use, so I will use all that I remember."
Analysis
13-30 Hz
Beta
What does the BO from BIBO stand for?
Bounded Output
An ECG can infer mechanical performance of the heart. -True -False
False
An EEG signal recorded from the scalp includes specific information about action potentials from axons. -true -false
False
An equivalent dipole (ECD) is a single strong dipole measured across two points. -True -False
False
ECG can be used to determine the anatomical orientation of the heart, disturbances on rhythm, but CANNOT detect ischemic damage or influences of drugs. -True -False
False
Equipment calibration is the best approach for eliminating random errors.
False
Muscle fibers are defined solely by the cell type associated with them. -True -False
False
Since a hypothesis can be generalized as If ___ then ___, it means hypothesis always state causality.
False
The mean electrical axis indicates orientation of the mean electrical vector at any instance of the electrical propagation throughout the heart. -True -False
False
The population mean is often used for statistical testing.
False
Type I error is related to not rejecting the null hypothesis when I should. Type II is related to rejecting the null hypothesis when I shouldn't have.
False
What are the three most common ions involved in excitable cells
Na, K, Cl
Depolarization of atria due to SA node
P-wave
Delay of AV node to allow for ventricular filling
PR Interval
Depolarization of ventricles
QRS complex
beginning of ventricle repolarization
ST segment
Which muscle fibers get recruited first by the spinal cord? -Slow twitch -Fast twitch
Slow
What type of error (random or systematic) might be introduced in the following statement: "I will use my trusty 10 year old equipment, it has always given me precise measurements."
Systemic
ventricle repolarization
T wave
2 sample T test can be thought as two 1 sample T test.
True
A neuromuscular disease is a broad term to describe pathophysiology of muscle and nerves. -True -False
True
An EMG signal is a combination of active motor unit action potentials (MUAPs). -True -False
True
I can make inferences about a target population using a statistically significant sample.
True
Only in rare cases I can choose a one-tailed t test.
True
Random errors are often caused by a combination of effects, but are easier to mitigate. On the other hand, systematic errors are caused by one or a few sources, but it is more challenging to fix.
True
Systemic uncertainty or error is often found in the incorrect use of a device or improper calibration.
True
The mean electrical vector changes in both magnitude and orientation over time. -True -False
True
The sinoatrial node is the heart's natural pacemaker, which is located in the right atrium of the heart. -True -False
True
The standard 12-lead ECG allows for 3D look at electrical activities in the heart. -True -False
True
The t distribution becomes flatter with less samples (or lower degrees of freedom).
True
The word potential in biopotential refers to electrical potential (or voltage). -True -False
True
A scientist is trying to decide between ANOVA or multiple t-tests. What question should help him decide?
are there more than 2 groups
Rejects frequencies between 10 and 150 Hz
band stop
Accepts frequencies between 10 and 150 Hz
bandpass
Where would the most likely source of noise (biopotential, equipment, or analysis) in the following statement: "My control subject had a cup of coffee before his ECG measurement."
biopotential
Why do we use the normal distribution?
common in nature
paired t test
compare a pair of related observations
2 sample t test
compare a pair of unrelated observations
1 sample t test
compare observations to single value
1-5 Hz
delta
Where would the most likely source of noise (biopotential, equipment, or analysis) in the following statement: "Since I want the experiment to run faster, I set the a lower sampling frequency. I am sure it will be fine. "
equipment
A capacitor's reactance is heavily dependent on the voltage amplitude.
false
Capacitor is an electrical device that has a linear relationship between voltage and current.
false
EEG electrode setups are always bipolar (reference another electrode). -true -false
false
I can record any EEG waveform (e.g. alpha, beta, etc.) over any location in the scalp. -true -false
false
One can use an array of multiple resistors along an op-amp to make active filter circuit.
false
Performing a Tukey's test after my ANOVA irrespective of the ANOVA's conclusion is a good practice.
false
The advantage of analog devices is the resistance to noise.
false
The differential amplifier portion of an op amp is to determine which input should be amplified (the + or -).
false
The gain of an inverting op amp expressed in resistances is: Gain = -(Rin/Rf)
false
Voltage law means the current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving that junction.
false
We get a good estimation of muscle activity or force when we smooth an EMG. -true -false
false
Myopathy is defined as lack of proper_____ in muscle fibers.
function
Accepts frequencies above 150 Hz
high pass
A scientist gets a p-value of 0.001 and says: "My experiment is significant! If I repeats this experiment under the same circumstances there is 1% chance I find the same result."
incorrect
A scientist is comparing height, weight, and metabolic rates. The scientist performs an ANOVA which results significant. The scientist then looks at the means of each and concludes: "Height is the farthest from all factors, therefore it's different from weight and metabolic rate."
incorrect
Biopotentials are generated by moving _______ across cell membranes. -ions -molecules -proteins -enzymes
ions
Does an actual op amp have infinite bandwidth?
no
What type of error (random or systematic) might be introduced in the following statement: "Since I need to publish this paper quick, I will collect this data in my living room."
random
4-8 Hz
theta
A capacitor in a circuit is like a rubber membrane sealed inside a pipe for water flowing.
true
A chi-square distribution comes from summed normally distributed observations and the F distribution results from a ratio of chi-square distributions.
true
A first order passive filter can be thought as a frequency dependent voltage divider
true
A repeated measures ANOVA is used when I have multiple samples from different subjects. The samples could be either separated by time or based on a different condition.
true
Capacitor can be used to store electrical energy. It can be considered as a "rechargeable battery."
true
If I wish to design a band pass and band stop filter I must use the following passive filters in series: Band Stop - Low Pass Filter followed by a High Pass Filter Band Pass - High Pass Filter followed by a Low Pass Filter
true
Nominal variables are those variables that are discrete and descriptive such as: the pain scale or a winners of a race.
true
Operational amplifiers are integral to the recording of biopotentials.
true
R-squared is not the best measure of a regression line
true
Resistance is a passive or static reduction to current flow, where as reactance is a dynamic or dependent reduction to current flow.
true
The advantage of the repeated measures ANOVA is that it includes the subject variability in the analysis.
true
The directed sum of electrical potential differences (voltage) in a closed circuit is zero.
true
The purpose of a voltage divider is to split an input voltage by a fraction.
true
The word active in First Order Active Filter signifies the act of amplification of the signal.
true
Think about this one and using Ohm's law is the following statement true or false: "The high input resistance (Rin) is what causes the Voltage Rule (Rule 1)"
true
Voltage splits in a serial circuit, while current splits in a parallel circuit.
true
When I increase alpha, beta decreases.
true
