3rd Quarter Exam (Hayes)
The Jazz Singer
first movie with sound
Negotiating as a group with an employer for higher wages or better working conditions
collective bargaining
Ownership of the business is shared by number of people
corporation
People who take risks to build businesses to make a profit
entrepreneurs
What political reform was enacted through the ratification of the 17th amendment
Direct election of senators
Voters select party's candidates
Direct primary
Big Stick Policy
Roosevelt
The great white fleet sent around the world
Roosevelt
President Theodore Roosevelt received the Nobel peace prize for helping to negotiate a peace treaty between
Russia and Japan
In the late 1800s, what motivated the United States to claim territories abroad
The United States was eager to find new markets and military advantages
The 1918 sedition act made it illegal for Americans to
say, write, or publish any disloyal language criticizing the government, the flag, or the military.
Why did southern states pass black codes
to force freedmen to work as cheap labor on plantations
What was the purpose of the 14th amendment
to give all American citizens equal protection under the law
By the late 1800s industrialized western nations such as Great Britain, France, Germany looked to Africa, Asia, in Latin America for new customers, places to invest, and
raw materials
Allows voters to remove elected official
recall
Allows citizens to vote on proposed laws
referendum
The social gospel is the idea that
religious faith should be expressed through good works
Ernest Hemingway
Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms
Specific areas set aside by the government for Indians use
reservations
The populist party platform called for an income tax, bank regulation, government ownership of the railroads, and
unlimited coinage of silver
Charlie Chaplin
A "silent comedian," this movie star continued to lengthen the silent film style and offer an alternative to the sound film with his trademark tattered suit, derby hat, and cane, playing the "little tramp" who made audiences laugh with his silent jokes.
Palmer Raids
A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities
Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
Marcus Garvey
African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.
Henry Ford
1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.
What was the year of Spanish American war
1898
Scopes Trial
1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools
The struggle for women's suffrage resulted in a final victory with the ratification of the
19th amendment
Model T
A cheap and simple car designed by Ford. It allowed for more Americans to own a car.
installment buying
A consumers buys products by promising to pay small, regular amounts over a period of time
Modernism
A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.
Propose the 10% plan
Abraham Lincoln
What is the Roosevelt corollary
Addition to the Monroe Doctrine declaring the US would now also police the Western Hemisphere
Known as the inventor of the telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
What is the triple alliance
Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Attempts to assimilate Native Americans into white cultural life
Americanization
How did Americans view the Cuban revolt against Spain
Americans sympathized with the Cubans
Made his wealth in the steel industry
Andrew Carnegie
Was impeached over the tenure of office act
Andrew Johnson
At this battle, Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer led his troops in an attack against the Sioux and lost
Battle of Little Bighorn
Served between two non-consecutive terms of President
Benjamin Harrison
Volstead Act
Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States.
African-American leaders who promoted vocational education and acceptance of segregation
Booker T. Washington
Wanted to move slower toward equal rights for blacks
Booker T. Washington
Leader of Tammany Hall political machine
Boss Tweed
Congress passed three enforcement laws in 1870 and 1871 to
Break the power of the ku klux klan
Republican candidate defeated for president in 1916
Charles Evans Hughes
Leader of the radical Republicans in the Senate
Charles Sumner
Elected vice-president in 1880; assumes presidency at death of president
Chester Arthur
Nez Perce leader who surrendered to US army near Canadian border
Chief Joseph
President Garfield's assassination indirectly helped to bring about
Civil service reform
The United States supported Panamanian Revolutionaries in 1903 in their fight for independence from
Colombia
The famous "I Want You for the U.S. Army" poster was created by artists hired by
Committee on Public Information
What ended Reconstruction in the South?
Compromise of 1877
Fundamentalism
Conservative beliefs in the Bible and that it should be literally believed and applied
Made his wealth in railroads
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Secretary of war who worked with radical Republicans
Edwin Stanton
Wrote private message containing the claim that the president of United States was weak
Enrique Dupuy de Lome
One of the leaders of the Pullman strike who was jailed
Eugene Debs
U.S. Secretary of State John Hay proposed the Open Door Policy in China in opposition to
European spheres of influence
Thaddeus stevens and other Republicans in Congress thought Lincoln's ten percent plan was
Far too lenient
This government agency enforces antitrust laws and unfair business practices like deceptive advertising
Federal trade commission
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
The Schlieffen plan called for the surprise invasion of France by
Germany
Members of the Triple Entente
Great Britain, France, Russia
Only president to serve 2 non-consecutive terms
Grover Cleveland
What was the compromise of 1877
Hayes lost the popular vote, but the special Electoral Commission gave him the presidency after a compromise was struck:Hayes got the presidency; Democrats got federal troops out of LA & SC, funding for Southern railroads and waterways; Conservative Southerner in Hayes' cabinet.
Babe Ruth
He was a famous baseball player who played for the Yankees. He helped developed a rising popularity for professional sports.
Developed process for making strong but light weight steel
Henry Bessemer
US senator who opposed the treaty of Versailles
Henry Cabot Lodge
Wrote about the ruthless methods of Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Co.
Ida Tarbell
assembly line
In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.
What is one reason that the Platt amendment was significant
It led to the establishment of the U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay
Why was the transcontinental railroad important
It promoted trade and provided jobs for many Americans.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian radicals who became symbols of the Red Scare of the 1920s; arrested (1920), tried and executed (1927) for a robbery/murder, they were believed by many to have been innocent but convicted because of their immigrant status and radical political beliefs.
Shocked the nation with his work how the other half lives
Jacob Riis
Elected president in 1880
James Garfield
Founder of the hull house in Chicago
Jane Addams
Made his wealth with standard oil company
John D Rockefeller
Cuban patriot who lef independence movement
Jose Marti
Published New York newspaper with stories of Cuban mistreatment by the Spanish
Joseph Pulitzer
Louis Armstrong
Leading African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpeter whose style influenced many later musicians.
Wrote about corruption in the nations cities
Lincoln Steffens
"We shall make war together, make peace together," Zimmerman wrote in a note as Germany proposed an alliance with
Mexico
the jazz age
Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz-a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime
Favors native-born inhabitants or immigrants
Nativism
Why was the election of 1876 considered controversial
One of the parties got an extra vote because both the Republicans and Democrats military ballots
Bootleggers
People who produced, smuggled, or sold alcoholic beverages illegally during the era of Prohibition
After the Spanish-American War, a controversy arose over whether the United States should annex
Philippines
How did President Wilson's vision differ from that of the other world leaders at the Paris peace conference
President Wilson wanted a treaty that stressed openness, Fair trade, and fewer weapons, but other leaders wanted to punish Germany for starting the war
What is the 14 points
President Wilson's plan for peace
18th Amendment (Prohibition)
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
In 1890 Congress passes Sherman antitrust act to
Promote competition and free trade
21th Amendment
Repeal of Prohibition
What was a poll tax
Required voters to pay a tax prior to the election to be able to vote
Republican who won election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes
Helped to found the American Federation of labor
Samuel Gompers
Invented the telegraph
Samuel Morse
Democrat who lost controversial election of 1876
Samuel Tilden
American plantation owner who became leader in Hawaii
Sanford Dole
How did sharecropping and tenant farming differ?
Sharecroppers received a share of their employer's crop; tenant farmers rented land and could grow any crops they chose.
Sioux chief who defeated the US Army at Little BigHorn
Sitting Bull
Unlike the immigrants in earlier times most of the immigrants coming to the United States between 1880 and 1910 came from
Southern and Eastern Europe
Heavily involved in women's rights, especially the right to vote
Susan B Anthony
Department of labor established
Taft
Dollar Diplomacy
Taft
important leader of the Knights of Labor
Terrence Powderly
Leader of the radical Republicans in the House of representatives
Thaddeus Stevens
What was President Wilson's plan for a just and lasting peace
The 14 points
When the Spanish-American war broke out, Commodore George Dewey's fleet rushed to
The Philippines
In 1914, what was the official US position in regard to the war in Europe
The United States declared neutrality
How did the United States ensure that materials needed at the front were produced
The government regulated industry through the work of the War Industries Board.
Upton Sinclair's shocking novel the jungle sparked an investigation that led to
The passage of the meat inspection act
Strongly believed in Forest conservation
Theodore Roosevelt
How did muckrakers prepare the way for political reforms
They exposed corruption by writing about it.
Developed the electrical light bulb
Thomas Edison
Cartoonist who exposed illegal activities of Tammany Hall political machine in New York
Thomas Nast
A 1917 law give Puerto Ricans
US citizenship
President who's 2 terms were full of scandal
Ulysses S. Grant
The nation that emerged as the overriding economic world power at the end of World War I was
United States
Charles Lindbergh
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)
His novel led to the passage of the meat inspection act
Upton Sinclair
Every American who supported full and immediate equality for blacks
W.E.B DuBois
Demanded immediate rights for blacks
W.E.B. DuBois
How did the boxer rebellion increase support for the open door policy
Westerners realized that they could more effectively exploit China if they stuck together
The main issue over the readmission of southern states wss
Whether secession had actually been accomplished
What was the ironclad oath
White males had to take "ironclad oath" swearing they did not support the confederacy in order to vote.
Supported high tariffs which angered progressives
William Howard Taft
Gave famous cross of gold speech
William Jennings Bryan
President during Spanish American war
William McKinley
Won elections but was assassinated
William McKinley
"He kept us out of war"
Woodrow Wilson
Proposed the federal reserve system
Woodrow Wilson
What groups' needs did Theodore Roosevelt feel should be balanced in the square deal
Workers, businesses, consumers
Who were the rough riders
a cavalry regiment organized by Teddy Roosevelt
What did members of terrorist groups that operated in the South after the Civil War have in common?
a desire to undo the South's new hierarchy and restore the old social and political order
Flapper
a fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standards of behavior.
Two popular ideologies contributed to imperialism: a sense of nationalism and
a feeling of cultural superiority
Reconstruction plans of Congress and the president were
a source of great controversy
Bull Market
a steady rise in the stock market over a period of time
13th amendment
abolished slavery
quota system
arrangement that limited the number of immigrants who could enter the United States from specific countries
In the late 1800s, American expansionists were interested in Hawaii as a potential
coaling station and naval base
Red Scare
fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life
Ku Klux Klan
founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American
Theodore Roosevelt created the US forest service in the national Park service because
he recognized that natural resources were limited and believed that their use needed to be controlled
Roosevelt formed the bull moose party because
he thought that Pres. Taft had failed to continue his policies of progressive reform
John Wilkes Booth thought that by assassinating the president, he would
help the south win the civil war
President Andrew Johnson was
impeached but not convicted
Allows citizens to propose laws
initiative
Allows businesses to operate under minimal government regulation
laissez-faire
What was the purpose of the grandfather clause
law that excused a voter from a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on 1/1/1867 was ways in which the southern states prevented the Freedmen to vote.
What were the black codes
laws that greatly limited the freedom of African Americans
Complete control of a product or service
monopoly
Gives an inventor the exclusive right to develop use or sell an invention
patent
buying on margin
paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest
In the 1850s United States government policy toward the Indians changed from pushing them farther West to
sending them to reservations
During Radical Reconstruction, many african Americans in the south
served in Congress and state governments
Favors public instead of private control of property and income
socialism
President Wilson believe that this action by Germany violated the laws of neutrality
submarine warfare
The event that triggered a US declaration of war on Spain in 1898 was
the destruction of the USS Maine
What is Pan Americanism
the idea that the US and Latin American nations should work together
The US government borrowed more than $24 billion from the American people through
the sale of liberty bonds
Eugenics
the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics
Of the methods of warfare developed in World War I, which did traditional officers consider unfair and barbaric
the use of poisonous gas
what plan for reconstruction was killed with a pocket veto
the wade-davis bill
Social Darwinism encouraged people in industrialized nations to believe that
they were superior to people who lived in less-developed countries
What was the purpose of the committee on public information
to convince Americans to support the war
What was the purpose of the Jim Crow laws
to enforce the separation of African-Americans and white people in most public places
According to the provisions of the Ten-Percent Plan, southern states could be readmitted to the Union
when 10 percent of voters had pledged loyalty to the Union
In the compromise of 1877 following a disputed presidential election, Leaders promised to
withdraw federal troops from the South
F. Scott Fitzgerald
wrote The Great Gatsby