411 Exam 1.
identifying feelings how it is said
Posture, Voice, Mannerisms
Institutional racism
a form of racism expressed in the practice of social and political institutions
tool 2 paraphrasing
a statement that says something that another person has said or written in a different way
reflecting feelings
accuracy and clarity are critical reflect feelings about the interview itself client is having trouble telling his/her story strong emotions not being expressed
Cultural Intentionality
being aware of cultural differences between people on an individual and societal level
empathy and carl rogers (cont.)
believed this was core aspect of therapy features-positive regard-respect and warmth-concreteness-immediacy-congruence/genuineness/authenticity
how to be an ally
challenge inappropriate comments report inappropriate comments/behavior continue to educate
ethical issues
competence informed consent confidentiality and its limits. power
multicultural considerations
cultural sensitivity should guide practice
giving feedback
cultural sensitivity should guide practice privilege culturally informed while appreciating differences within groups
feelings
emotions are central to all theoretical orientations
Rogerian Client centered
emotions in relationships
defining empathy
empathy is the counselor's ability to sense the client's world the way the client does and to convey that understanding
tools needed
encouragers paraphrases summaries
putting yourself in the client's shoes. and seeing. the world through the client's eyes
false
ethics
helps keep good practice protects client safeguards their autonomy enhances the profession
feedback
high quality feedback is constructive
tool 1 minimal encouragers
make someone more determined small verbal cues that encourage a helpee to talk with minimun interruption or influence by the helper "uh huh" "mhm" "okay: head nods
why is multicultural approach to counseling necessary?
need to educate ourselves, examine our beliefs and have meaningful conversations
facial expression
open appropriate
helping skills
part 1 focusing and following effective inquiry reflection of context reflection of feeling part 2higher order skills immediacy confronting self-disclosure info giving
reflect all feelings
positive emotions negative emotions
nonverbal behavior
posture-sit straight face client
guidelines for effective feedback
requested prompt non-technical concise focused on behavior personal behavior that can change strengths as well as weaknesses discussed definite-do not take it back
white privilege
societal privilege that benefits white people over non-white people
difference between summary and paraphrase
summary has more material summary covers more time
empathy
the skill of reflecting back to another person the emotions he or she is expressing so that he or she feels heard and understood also involves listening to clients and understanding then
empathy and carl rogers
the therapist is sensing feelings and personal meanings which the client is experiencing in each. moment
verbal following
tone of voice staying on topic relate to previous topics
reflecting feeling
two part skill identifying feelings reflecting feelings
Freudian Psychoanalysis
unresolved emotional experiences new focus on emotional experiences
arms
use gestures in moderation indicates openness
tool 3 summary
using few words to give the most important info about something recap info shared by helpee over long period of time
Mulitculturalism
we are all multicultural
how do we attend
we attend by listening and being aware of nonverbals
The microskills Hierarchy
- Foundation of intentional interviewing - Successive steps - Provides different alternatives for use with different clients and in different situations
what does attending mean?
- Giving undivided attention - Being with an individual - Paying attention to what an individual is saying and doing - Encouraging client to talk - Letting the client know you are listening
goals of reflecting feelings
- Help make clear the feelings underlying behavior - Help clients sort out complex feelings - Help tell story
silences
-Do not need to be filled -Time to think -Positive form of communication -In moderation
identifying feelings attend to the entire message
-Initiation/Development phase of counseling -Have the client tell their story
Intentionality
-acting with a sense of purpose -having a wide range of options
attending behaviors
-eye contact -nonverbal behavior -verbal following
attending skills
-foundation
reflection of content
-helper lets helpee know they heard what was saying saw point of view regarding content check for accuracy help talk in more detail
In what ways are the clients that you will see be diverse?
-issues -upbringing -beliefs/values -socioeconomic statusculture/ethnicity
eye contact
-looking away -cultural considerations -meaning of eye contact or looking away may vary by culture
identifying mixed emotions
-more than one emotion may be expressed -conflicting emotions could be part of the problem
how to paraphrase
1) Recall the message and restate to yourself silently 2) Identify content part of message 3) Select sentence stem 4) Translate content into your words 5) Check for accuracy
purposes of a summary
1) To tie together multiple elements in client's message 2) To identify common theme 3) To interrupt excessive rambling 4) To start a session 5) To end a session 6) To review progress 7) To serve as a transition when changing topics
how to summarize
1. recall key content 2. identify patterns or themes 3. use sentence stem 4.summarize 5. assess the effectiveness of summarization
Lab teams
1.client-presents safe topic 2.helper-attends and responds to client
Learning the skills
1.theory2.observation3.practice4.application
Educate
BAME- Black, Asian, and minority ethnicMicroagressions- hostile/prejudicial commonplace daily verbal behavioral and environmental
attending to culture
Be educated and aware of cultural differences
diseases of the helping relationship (DIPGAT)
Development Inventory Priority Goal formulation Action plan formulation ActionTermination
parroting
Don't repeat the same feeling word the client uses