4330- Ch 27 Growth of Preschooler

Growth of preschooler

Average growth of 2.5 to 3 inches per year Average weight gain of 5 lb per year Loss of baby fat and growth of muscle Length of skull increases slightly; lower jaw more pronounced; upper jaw widens

Toddler

1 to 3 years

How many inches per year does a preschooler grow

2.5-3

Fat intake

20-30%

Iron requirements

10 mg

Adolescence

12 to 18 years

Preschool

3 to 6 years

How much weight gain per year does a preschooler have

5 lbs

3 year old gross motor skills

Climbs well Pedals tricycle Runs easily Walks up and down stairs with alternate feet Bends over easily without falling

Fiber requirements

19 mg

Calcium requirements

500-800 mg

School age

6 to 12 years

Saturated fat intake

<10%

The nurse is assessing a 5 year old child for signs of developmental delay. Which would alert the nurse to a potential problem? a. the child can build a tower of 6 blocks b. the child does not play with other children c. the child engages in fantasy play d. the child separates from the parent easily

B

Infant

Birth to 1 year

Issues involved in promoting growth and development of preschooler

Building self-esteem Maintaining routine and ritual Setting limits and remaining consistent with them Knowing signs of developmental delay

Social skills developed by preschooler

Cooperation Sharing (of things and feelings) Kindness Generosity Affection display Conversation Expression of feelings Helping others Making friends

Risks of overweight and obesity

Hypertension Hyperlipidemia Insulin resistance

5 year old fine motor skills

Prints some letters Draws person with body and at least 6 parts Dresses/undresses without assistance Can learn to tie laces Uses fork, spoon, and knife (supervised) well Copies triangle and other geometric patterns Mostly cares for own toiling needs

Daily nutritional requirements of preschooler

500 - 800 mg calcium 10 mg iron 19 mg fiber Fat intake no less than 20% and no more than 30% daily calories Saturated fats less than 10% Diet high in nutrient-rich foods Limited amount of poor, high-calorie foods

The nurse is assessing a 4 year old for gross motor skill development. What would the nurse expect this preschooler to have accomplished? a. hopping on one foot b. standing on one foot for 10 seconds c. skipping d. swimming

A The rest are 5 year old

4 year old fine motor skills

Uses scissors successfully Copies capital letters Draws circles and squares Traces a cross or diamond Draws a person with two to four body parts Laces shoes

Maturation of organ system

Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete; small intestine grows in length Respiratory structures continue to grow in size; number of alveoli increase Eustachian tubes remain short and straight Heart rate decreases; blood pressure increases slightly; innocent heart murmur may be heard 20 deciduous teeth should be present Urethra remains short in children, making them susceptible to urinary tract infections Bones increase in length and muscles strengthen and mature

Signs of developmental delay in preschoolers

Not playing with other chidren Not being able to build a tower of 6-8 blocks Not engaging in fantasy play Not separating from the parent without protest

Piaget's theory

Preoperational stage Magical thinking (believes thoughts are all-powerful) Imaginary friend (creative way to sample activities and behaviors and practice conversation skills) Transduction (extrapolates from one situation to another)

Fears

Preschoolers exhibit variety of fears Parents should acknowledge child's fears

Focus of nursing care plan to promote growth and development of preschooler

Promoting growth through play Promoting early learning Promoting language development Choosing a preschool/starting kindergarten Promoting safety Promoting nutrition Promoting healthy sleep and rest Promoting appropriate discipline

5 year old gross motor skills

Stands on one foot 10 seconds or longer Swings and climbs well May skip Somersaults May learn to skate and swim

Language development

Symbolic thought Do not understand the concept of death Acquisition of language allows for child to express thoughts and creativity Transition in this period from the use of telegraphic speech at age 3 years to the adult-like structure of sentences at age 5 years

3 year old fine motor skills

Undresses self Copies circle Builds tower of 9 or 10 cubes Holds a pencil in writing position Screws/unscrews lids, nuts, bolts Turns book pages one at a time

Focus of health care visits throughout childhood

Expected growth and development Anticipatory guidance Preparation for school entry

Sample Nursing diagnoses for issues related to growth and development

Delayed growth and development Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements Interrupted family processes Readiness for enhanced parenting Risk for caregiver role strain Risk for delayed development Risk for disproportionate growth Risk for injury

Temperament

Indicator of parent's expectation of child's behavior Determines child's task orientation, social flexibility, and reactivity

Erikson's stage of development

Initiative vs. Guilt Preschooler is an inquisitive and enthusiastic learner Feels sense of accomplishment by succeeding in activities Feeling pride in accomplishment stimulates initiative Overextending self can result in sense of guilt Superego (conscious development) is completed and is basis for moral development

4 year old gross motor skills

Throws ball overhand Kicks ball forward Catches bounced ball Hops on one foot Stands on one foot up to 5 seconds Alternate feet going up and down steps Moves backward and forward with agility

Friendships

Preschoolers learn how to make and keep a friend