4a 4B

Which research finding suggesting significant biological contributors to sexual orientation has NOT been reported in the literature noted by the textbook author?

The use of medications to suppress certain neurotransmitters during infancy led to a reduction in homosexual orientation during adulthood.

The initial studies of the human sexual response cycle were conducted by:

William Masters and Virginia Johnson.

Alec is a male. His genetic sex is:

XY

A psychologist has a limited budget for research, so she needs to focus on a small sample of individuals who are the most likely to develop alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder. Given what we know about gender differences, which group would the researcher choose?

a group of adult males

An individual who does not feel sexually attracted to other people is:

asexual

Think back to the "Magellans of the mind" discussed in Chapter 1 in the textbook. Because a gender schema is a framework in children's minds, the concept of such a schema reflects the legacy of the Swiss biologist:

Jean Piaget.

Studies reveal that heterosexuals and homosexuals differ in:

both fingerprint ridge counts and relative finger length.

Which physical development during adolescence is accurately labeled?

enlarged Adam's apple — secondary sexual characteristic

Dr. Endsley suggests that the increasing problem of obesity in Western cultures might be attributable to our inherited predisposition to love the taste of sweets and fats. Although these foods were difficult for our ancestors to find, they helped them to survive famines. Now these foods are easily available, and Westerners are eating too much of them. Dr. Endsley is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

evolutionary

Owen considers himself, based on his psychological sense of himself, to be male. This self-perception could be characterized as Owen's _____.

identity

Pat considers herself, based on her psychological sense of herself, to be female. This self-perception could be characterized as Pat's:

identity

Randall is a 25-year-old homosexual man who wonders why he is homosexual and his two brothers are not. A partial explanation might be that he was exposed prenatally to levels of the hormone _____ that are typically experienced by female fetuses.

idk

The term _____ refers to possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes.

intersex

The fertile female theory is an evolutionary account of:

male homosexuality.

Studies reveal that heterosexuals and homosexuals do NOT differ in:

mathematical ability.

According to the fraternal birth-order effect, men who have _____ are more likely to be homosexual.

older brothers

A person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of their own sex, the other sex, or both sexes is called their sexual:

orientation

Masters and Johnson's groundbreaking human sexual response research was based on:

physiological measurement

During the _____ phase, sexual excitement peaks as breathing rate, pulse, and blood pressure continue to increase.

plateau

There is a(n) _____ correlation between the likelihood that a man is gay and the number of older brothers he has.

positive

During the _____ phase of the sexual response, males are unable to have another orgasm immediately.

resolution

A recent ad for toy cars stated the following: "Your son will feel ten feet tall today. He will be able to explore his world. He will be able to create cities. He will be able to drive his imagination to new places." This is an example of a gender:

role

a gender____is a set of expected behaviors for males or females.

role

To study the sexual response of men and women in general, William Masters and Virginia Johnson studied 312 men and 382 women. These participants are called a(n):

sample

The text suggests that the brain is "our most important sex organ" because:

sexual desire can be experienced even in the absence of external stimuli.

Dr. Robb argues that people help others because it feels good to do so; it is rewarding. Dr. Wayne notes that people are most likely to help family or other kin; helping therefore promotes the persistence of their genes. Dr. Wayne is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

evolutionary

Dr. Wickstrom argues that, although gay men are less likely to reproduce than straight men, the genetic basis of male homosexuality persists because gay men enhance the survival of such kin as nieces and nephews by providing additional child care and financial resources. Dr. Wickstrom is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

evolutionary

Some researchers believe that homosexuality is adaptive because gay men and lesbians support reproduction in the family by helping relatives care for their children. This argument reflects the _____ perspective in psychology.

evolutionary

The study of how our behavior and mind have changed in adaptive ways over time due to natural selection is called _____ psychology.

evolutionary

The CORRECT order of the stages of the sexual response cycle is:

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Which condition is related to teens' decision to delay having sex?

father presence

Because he believes that crying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience BEST illustrates dynamics highlighted by:

gender schema theory.

Which factor is associated with sexual orientation?

having older brothers as a male

According to one study, a section of the _____ has been found to be larger in heterosexual men than in homosexual men.

hypothalamus

Gay men constitute approximately _____ percent of the gay and lesbian population, but only about _____ percent of the partners in marriages, domestic partnerships, or civil unions.

65; 35

Nearly _____ percent of sexually active American adolescent girls say they regret having had sex.

75

Dr. Donaldson is a physician. His annual salary is approximately $215,000, which is very nearly average for a male physician. His colleague Dr. Yan is female; she earns the average salary for a female physician. Dr. Yan's salary is approximately:

$155,000.

Roughly speaking, the proportion of medical school students who are women has increased from _____ percent to _____ percent over the past 50 years.

10; 50

Recent estimates suggest that about _____ percent of Americans are homosexual.

3

About _____ in 10 women experience some type of sexual dysfunction.

4

Sadie is experiencing a sexual dysfunction. She is not alone: just over _____ percent of women suffer from some type of sexual dysfunction.

40

Approximately 1 in _____ middle school students has received a "sext."

5

In a study on aggression, a group of college students are given an experimental task intended to be purposely frustrating. Then, the participants are given a task that forced them to administer (fake) electric shocks to another participant. Given what we know about gender differences and aggression, what should the research expect?

Men will administer more painful electric shocks.

Who made the statement that "the universe had been expressly designed to produce intelligent, sentient beings"?

Owen Gingerich

4b

Sexual Orientation; Evolutionary Explanation; Social Influences; Nature - Nurture

The researcher MOST closely associated with the study of brain differences related to sexual orientation is _____.

Simon LeVay

The researcher MOST closely associated with the study of brain differences related to sexual orientation is:

Simon LeVay.

Mrs. Norman smiles and laughs when her daughter plays with dolls. _____ theory emphasizes the importance of responses such as Mrs. Norman's to a child's gender role development.

Social learning

Nine-year-old Jared has one very good friend. The two boys spend a great deal of time playing one-on-one basketball, and often can be heard talking to each other about a wide range of personal topics. Compared with other boys his age, Jared's social behavior is:

somewhat unusual because most boys his age typically play in large groups and do not engage in intimate discussion.