Unitek Pharmacology quiz 4 ch 8 and 9

Suspensions

liquid dose forms that contain solid, insoluble drug particles dispersed in a liquid base

Medicine cup

a plastic container with scales (metric, household) for measuring liquid medications

Caplet

a tablet shaped in the form of a capsule to prevent the ability to open a capsule and contaminate the contents of the capsule

GI tubes inserted through the nose

1. nasogastric (NG) 2. nasoduodenal (ND) 3. nasojejunal (NJ)

pH levels

1. stomach less than 3 2. intestinal 6 to 7 3. respiratory greater than 7

Emulsions

are dispersions of small droplets of water in oil or small droplets of oil in water

7 rights

1. right patient 2. right drug 3. right indication 4. right route 5. right dose 6. right time 7. right documentation

Capsules

1. small, cylindrical, gelatin containers that hold dry powder or liquid medicinal agents. 2. the color and shape of the capsules, as well as the manufacturer's symbol on the capsule surface, are means of identifying the product.

Orally disintegrating tablet

1. tablet that rapidly dissolves when place on the tongue (usually within seconds) 2. different from sublingual and buccal which take more that a minute to dissolve 3. used for pts that have trouble swallowing or pts who attempt to pocket pills

Soufflé cup

a small paper cup that is used to transport solid medication forms such as capsules and tablets to the patient to prevent contamination by handling

Timed-release capsules and tablets

1.provider a gradual but continuous release of a drug because the granules in the capsule or the ingredients of a table dissolve at different rate 2. reduces the number of doses administered per day 3. should not be crushed or chewed or have their contents emptied into food or liquid because this may alter the absorption rate and could result in a drug overdose or subtherapeutic activity

Tablets

dried powdered drugs that have been compressed into small disks

GI tubes surgically inserted through the abdomen

gastrostomy tubes or G-tubes

GI tubes medication delivery

1. should be flushed with at least 30 mL of water before and after the medicine is administered 2. when more than one medication is to be administered at about the same time flush 5 to 10 mL of water between each medication (remember to include the water that is used to flush the tubing as part of the total water requirements for the patient for a 24-hour period)

Syrups

medicinal agents that have been dissolved in a concentrated solution of sugar (usually sucrose) and water

Unit-dose or single-dose packaging

provides a single dose of medication in one package that is ready for dispensing. include a bar code for administration, and electronic charting

Oral syringes

should be used for smaller volumes of less than 1 mL

Disadvantage of oral route

slowest and lest dependable rate of absorption due to frequent changes in the GI environment by food, emotion, and physical activity

Enima/suppositories

1. left lateral recumbent position 2. ask the patient to remain laying on their side for 15 to 20 minutes to allow for the melting and absorption of the medication

Pills

1. are an obsolete dose form that is no longer manufactured 2. the term is still used to refer to tablets and capsules

Procedure Protocol

1. assemble the appropriate equipment and then perform hand hygiene 2. use the seven rights of medication preparation and administration throughout the procedure 3. provide privacy for the patient and give a thorough explanation of the procedure and what to expect 4. perform a premedication assessment before administering any enteral medication

Advantages of rectal route

1. bypasses the digestive enzymes and avoiding irritation of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. 2. an alternative when nausea or vomiting is present. 3. Absorption depends on the drug product, the ability of the patient to retain the suppository or enema, and the presence of fecal material. 4. not to be used if the patient has recent prostate or rectal surgery or rectal trauma

Tube feedings

1. check the residual volume before each feeding 2. check to ensure the presence of bowel sounds. the absence of bowel sounds indicates the need to contact the healthcare provider for orders before proceeding 3. check the position of the tube to ensure that it is still in the stomach or intestine 4. during the initiation of enteral feedings by intermittent or continuous methods, BGL testing may be ordered

Elixirs

1. clear liquids that are composed of drugs that have been dissolved in alcohol and water 2. are used primarily when the drug will not dissolve in water alone 3. many cough medicines and mouthwashes are elixirs containing alcohol

Routes of drug administration

1. enteral (oral, rectal, or nasogastric) 2. Parenteral (subcutaneous, IM, IV) 3. Percutaneous (absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes)

Lozenges

1. flat disks that contain a medicinal agent in a suitably flavored base 2. are held in the mouth to dissolve slowly, thereby releasing the therapeutic ingredients

Color of aspirated fluid

1. gastric fluid= green with sediment or off white 2. intestinal fluid= yellow (bile colored) 4. pleural fluid= clear to straw colored 5. tracheobronchial fluid = off white or tan

GI Equipment

1. glass of water 2. two 60 mL catheter tip syringes 3. measuring container or graduated cylinder 4. pill crusher 5. towel or small incontinence pad 6. pH tape and color verification 7. gloves

Enteric-Coated tablet

1. have a special coating that resists dissolution in the acidic pH of the stomach but that is readily dissolved in the alkaline pH of the intestines 2. must not be crushed or chewed because their active ingredients will be released prematurely and destroyed in the stomach

Measuring with a medicine cup

1. hold the bottle of liquid so that the label is in the palm of the hand, this prevents the contents form smearing the label during pouring 2. examine the medicine cup and locate the exact place where the measured volume should be measured 3. place the medicine cup on a hard surface, pour the prescribed volume at eye level 4. read the volume at the level of the meniscus (the lowest point of the concave curve)