5 Global-Cities

2. Research and development

GPCI which is functional areas that refers to research background, readiness for accepting and supporting researches, and research achievement

The idea of cosmopolitanism

invokes pleasant images of travel, exploration, and 'worldly' pursuits enjoyed by those who have benefited from globalization and who can, in some ways, consider themselves 'citizens of the world' (Steger, 2014).

Cosmopolitanism

is a phenomenon most readily usually associated with the global city: large, diverse cities attract people, material and cultural products from all over the world.

Global City Index

is consists of indicators and parameters used to determine and measure the categories of global cities and to what extent they function as global cities.

The GaWC inventory identified three levels of world cities and several sub- ranks:

-Alpha world cities (full service world cities) * 12 points: London, New York, Paris, Tokyo * 10 points: Chicago, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Milan, Singapore -Beta world cities (major world cities) *9 points: San Francisco, Sydney, Toronto, Zurich *8 points: Brussels, Madrid, Mexico City, Sao Paulo * 7 points: Moscow, Seoul -Gamma world cities (minor world cities) *6 points: Amsterdam, Boston, Caracas, Dallas, Dusseldorf, Geneva, Houston, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Melbourne, Osaka, Prague, Santiago, Taipei, Washington * 5 points: Bangkok, Beijing, Montreal, Rome, Stockholm, Warsaw *4 points: Atlanta, Barcelona, Berlin, Budapest, Buenos Aires, Copenhagen, Hamburg, Istanbul, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Miami, Minneapolis, Munich, Shanghai

General Characteristics of Global cities

-International, first-name familiarity (l.e., "Paris", "London") -Active influence and participation in international events and world affairs (1.e., UN Headquarters in New York City) -A fairly large population -A major international airport (i.e., London Heathrow Airport) that serves as an established hub for several international airlines -Presence of an advanced transportation system that includes several freeways and/or a large mass transit network offering multiple modes of transportation -Presence of international financial institutions, law firms, and stock exchanges (Le, New York Stock Exchange) -Presence of advanced communications infrastructure on which modern transnational corporations rely -Presence of world-renowned cultural institutions (ie, museums, universities) -Presence of several powerful and influential media outlets with an international reach (Le.. The New York Times, Agence France-Presse) -Presence of a major sports facilities, home teams in major league s

In 1994, GaWC redefined and re-categorized the classifications as follows:

-Well rounded global cities 1. Very large contribution: London and New York City ii. Smaller contribution and with cultural bias: Los Angeles, Paris, and San Francisco ill. Incipient global cities: Amsterdam, Boston, Chicago, Madrid, Milan, Moscow, Toronto -Global niche cities-specialized global contributions i. Economic: Hong Kong. Singapore, and Tokyo ii. Political and social: Brussels, Geneva, Strasbourg, and Washington - Subnet articulator cities I. Cultural: Berlin, Copenhagen, Melbourne, Munich, Oslo, Rome, Stockholm II. Political: Bangkok, Beijing, Vienna III. Social: Manila, Nairobi, Ottawa -Worldwide leading cities i. Primarily economic global contributions: Frankfurt, Miami, Munich, Osaka, Singapore, Sydney, Zurich ii. Primarily non-economic global contributions: Abidjan, Addis Ababa, Atlanta, Basle, Barcelona, Cairo, Denver, Harare, Lyon, Manila, Mexico City, Mumbai, New Delhi, Shanghai

Globalization

-happens in physical spaces-foreign investment, economic opportunities, and human capital-move to cities. -is spatial as it is based on places. __________________ acts on cities and vice versa (i.e., Paris-home of the Eiffel Tower serving as magnet of tourists; New York City-home of the stock market, a significant center in international trade).

Top 10 Global Power Cities

1. London 2. New York City 3. Tokyo 4. Paris 5. Singapore 6. Seoul 7. Amsterdam 8. Berlin 9. Hồng Kong 10. Sydney

5. Political engagement

GCI uses criteria that - number of embassies, consulates, international organizations, political conferences

4. Cultural experience

GCI uses criteria that number of sporting events, museums, performing arts venues

Business activity

GCI uses criteria that presence of headquarters, services firms, number of international conferences, value of goods through ports and airports

3. Information exchange

GCI uses criteria that size accessibility of major TV news, number of international news bureaus

2.Human capital

GCI uses criteria that size of foreign-born population, quality of universities, number of international schools, international student population

5. Environment -

GPCI which is functional areas that refers to ecology, pollution, and natural environment

6. Accessibility

GPCI which is functional areas that refers to international transport infrastructure and inner city transportation infrastructure

1.Economy

GPCI which is functional areas that refers to market attractiveness, economic vitality, business environment, regulations, and risk

3. Cultural interaction

GPCI which is functional areas that refers to transcending potential, accommodation environment, dining and shopping, and volume of interaction

4. Livability

GPCI which is functional areas that refers to working environment, cost of living, security and safety, and life support functions

The Other Side of Global Cities

Global cities, despite the degree and high notch international rankings, are not perfect cities at all. - the insufficient public transportation and absence of regulation automobile industries made these places severely polluted. -Manila, massive shanties are still aplenty despite the skyscrapers above. ​

are Examples of global cities

New York, London, Tokyo, Paris and Singapore.

New York, London, and Tokyo

The Global City by Sassen (1996), she only identified three global cities-

Global cities

are major nodes in the interconnected systems of information and money, and the wealth that they capture is intimately related to the specialized businesses that facilitate those flows.

global cities

central sites for advanced services and facilities of telecommunication which are necessary for the execution and the management of global economic activities. In those sites, corporate headquarters tend to center, particularly companies that are operative in more than one country (Sassen, 2005).

Global Power City Index

evaluates and ranks the major cities of the world according to their magnetism or their comprehensive power to attract people, capital, and enterprises from around the world.

globalization

global cities are integral to _______ as it is essential to these global cities.

Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC).

is ranked cities based on provision of "advanced producer services" such as accountancy, advertising, finance, and law by international corporations

Global city

therefore, the main physical and geographic playground of the globalizing forces: in this space of population concentration and mixing the global flows of people, capital, and ideas are woven into the daily lived experiences of its residents.