5 Schools of psychology
Behaviorism
1. it should be an objective science. 2. should study behavior without reference to mental processes. John B. Watson was a major force in this
Functionalism
F=1ST. Was the first early school of thought. it explored how mental and behavioral processes function and how they enable the organisms. to adapt, survive, flourish. James promoted this and Darwin influenced it.
Gestalt
emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into a meaningful whole! The whole may exceed the sum of its parts and our brains do more than just register information and construct perceptions about the things we see. Fritz and Lara Perls founded Gestalt in the year 1912
Humanistic
focused on ways that the environment can nurture or limit our personal growth potential. Carl Rodgers and Maslow (hierarchy of needs) were behind this.
Existential
is a method of psychology that operates on the belief that inner conflict is due to that individual confrontation with the givens of existence. Reality is explored as passionate and personal. life has meaning under all circumstances. Is used to satisfy primitive pleasures. Was developed by Victor Frankl. Wants you to think about your own mortality
Psychoanalysis
is frauds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts, this is used to treat physiological disorders. Assimilate to the root of reductionism
Cognitive Psychology
is the process of how we perceive, process and remember information. This also includes the roots of anxiety, depression, and other psychological disorders. Plato was the first to insist that the mind has a set of mental processes. Ulric Neisser is considered to be the father of cognitive psychology. People are born with a mind.
Structuralism
is the study of conscious mental experience and breaking it down into component parts (assimilate to reductionism). This used introspection- looking inside of yourself to reveal personal conscious experiences. This is not a current model of psychology. This is known as the first school of psychology as it was established in 1879 Germany by Wundt.
