5, Types of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, gamma, electron capture, nuclear fission, examples)

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in what type of nuclei does this occur?

nuclei with higher nucleon number than 150

what happens in electron capture?

nucleus captures electron from K-shell of electron cloud

explain this process

photon of gamma-ray is released and ejects an electron from inner shell

which are the 3 types of beta-decay?

positive negative electron capture

what happens after that?

proton changes into neutron and electron neutrino is released

during positive beta-decay (emission of positron), what happens?

proton changes into the neutron nucleon number stays same proton number -1

high energy of emitted alpha particle makes the emitting nucleus be affected by...?

recoil

what is radioactivity a result of?

reduced stability or excited state (of atomic nuclei)

what is gamma-decay?

release of a y-photon (gamma photon)

which are the 2 ways nuclear fission can occur?

spontaneous (thorium-235) triggered (by interaction of nucleus with neutrons (uranium-235))

what is alpha decay?

spontaneous emission of an alpha-particle

what is radioactivity?

spontaneous emission of particles from atomic nuclei

during negative beta-decay (emission of electron), what is the change in nucleon number?

stays same

what is nuclear fission?

transition of heavy nuclei which creates 2 large daughter nuclei (fission products)

when can gamma-decay only occur?

when there is energy excess in nucleus (compared to ground state of nucleus)

during negative beta-decay (emission of electron), what is the change in proton number?

+1

during negative beta-decay (emission of electron), what is the change in neutron number?

-1

what is the change in proton number in electron capture?

-1 (just as in positive beta-decay)

change in proton number when alpha particle is emitted?

-2

so what is the change in nucleon number when alpha particle is emitted?

-4

what does an alpha particle consist of?

2 protons & 2 neutrons

what are the ejected electrons called?

auger electrons

what is beta-decay?

emission of electron or positron (from nucleus)

what is the end result of gamma decay in this manner?

emission of x-ray radiation (gamma emitter can be source of ionising electrons & x-ray radiation)

what characteristics does auger electrons have?

high energy high ionising ability

gamma decay can also take place as the...?

internal conversion of radiation

what is nuclear fission a result of?

low stability of heavy nuclei


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