50 States of America
Kentucky
OFFICIAL NAME: Commonwealth of Kentucky NICKNAMES: Bluegrass State POPULATION: Kentucky is home to 4,413,457 people. It is the 26th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Frankfort MAJOR CITIES: Louisville/Jefferson County, pop. 609,893; Lexington-Fayette urban county, pop. 308,428; Bowling Green, pop. 61,488; Frankfort, pop. 27,453 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Kentucky is 40,408 square miles, the 37th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 4,145 feet at Black Mountain, the highest point in the state, to 480 feet at the Mississippi River. CLIMATE: Kentucky's climate is temperate. Winter temperatures usually range from 34°F to 38°F (1°C to 3°C), while the summer temperatures generally average between 74°F and 80°F (23°C to 26°C). Kentucky gets about 45 inches of rain every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: June 1, 1792, as the 15th state STATE MOTTO: United We Stand, Divided We Fall STATE SONG: "My Old Kentucky Home" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Massachusetts
OFFICIAL NAME: Commonwealth of Massachusetts NICKNAMES: Bay State, Old Colony State POPULATION: Massachusetts is home to 6,745,408 people. It is the 14th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Boston MAJOR CITIES: Boston, pop. 645,966; Worcester, pop. 182,544; Springfield, pop. 153,703; Lowell, pop. 108,861; Cambridge, pop. 107,289 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Massachusetts is 10,554 square miles, the 44th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 3,491 feet at Mount Greylock, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. Massachusetts also has mountains, streams, ponds, lakes, and pastures for farmland. CLIMATE: Massachusetts receives between 40 and 46 inches of rainfall every year. Winter temperatures usually range between 22°F and 32°F (-5°C and 0°C), while summer temperatures generally average between 68°F and 72°F (20°C and 22°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: February 6, 1788, as the sixth state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Ense Petit Placidam Sub Libertate Quietem (By the Sword We Seek Peace, But Peace Only Under Liberty) STATE SONG: "All Hail to Massachusetts" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Boston Breakers (WPS) Boston Bruins (NHL) Boston Celtics (NBA) Boston Red Sox (MLB) New England Patriots (NFL) New England Revolution (MLS)
Pennsylvania
OFFICIAL NAME: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania NICKNAMES: Keystone State POPULATION: Pennsylvania is home to 12,787,209 people. It is the sixth most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Harrisburg MAJOR CITIES: Philadelphia, pop. 1,553,165; Pittsburgh, pop. 305,841; Allentown, pop. 118,577; Erie, pop. 100,671; Harrisburg, pop. 49,188 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Pennsylvania is 46,054 square miles, the 33rd largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 3,213 feet at Mount Davis, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Delaware River. Pennsylvania also has limestone soil, mountains, and valleys. CLIMATE: Pennsylvania has a humid climate with distinct seasons. Winter temperatures usually average 25°F (-3.8°C), while summer temperatures generally average 69°F (20.5°C). Pennsylvania also gets about 39 inches of rain a year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: December 12, 1787, as the second state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Virtue, Liberty, and Independence STATE SONG: "Pennsylvania" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Philadelphia 76ers (NBA) Philadelphia Eagles (NFL) Philadelphia Flyers (NHL) Philadelphia Independence (WPS) Philadelphia Phillies (MLB) Pittsburgh Penguins (NHL) Pittsburgh Pirates (MLB) Pittsburgh Steelers (NFL)
Puerto Rico
OFFICIAL NAME: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico) NICKNAMES: Island of Enchantment (La Isla del Encanto) POPULATION: Puerto Rico is home to 3,548,397 people. About 4.6 million additional Puerto Ricans reside in the mainland U.S. (2014). CAPITAL: San Juan MAJOR CITIES: San Juan, pop. 374,682; Carolina, pop. 169,597; Ponce, pop. 157,118 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Puerto Rico is 5,325 square miles, similar in size to Connecticut. An island located more than 1,000 miles southeast of Florida between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, Puerto Rico is the easternmost major island in a group known as the Greater Antilles. Altitudes range from 4,390 feet at Cerro de Punta, the highest point on the island, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. Around 75% percent of Puerto Rico is mountainous, surrounded by a broken coastal plain. CLIMATE: Mild, with an average annual temperature of 77°F (25°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: Possession of Puerto Rico colony transferred to the U.S. from Spain following the Spanish-American War in 1898. Became a free associated state, or commonwealth of the U.S., in 1952. STATE MOTTO: Joannes Est Nomen Eius ("John Is His Name" in Latin; it refers to St. John the Baptist, or San Juan Bautista, the original name of the island) STATE SONG: La Borinqueño (national anthem) PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Virginia
OFFICIAL NAME: Commonwealth of Virginia NICKNAMES: Old Dominion POPULATION: Virginia is home to 8,326,289 people. It is the 12th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Richmond MAJOR CITIES: Virginia Beach, pop. 448,479; Norfolk, pop. 246,139; Chesapeake, pop. 230,571; Arlington, pop. 207,627; Richmond, pop. 214,114; Newport News, pop. 182,020; Alexandria, pop. 148,892; Hampton, pop. 136,699 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Virginia is 42,775 square miles, the 35th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 5,729 feet at Mount Rodgers, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. The western part of the state features mountains and valleys, including the Appalachian and Blue Ridge Mountains, and the Shenandoah Valley. Central Virginia, known as the Piedmont area, is made up of flat plains and soft hills. To the east is the Tidewater region, which is dominated by four major rivers: the Potomac, the Rappahannock, the York, and the James. These rivers lead to Chesapeake Bay. Beyond the bay and past the eastern shoreline is the Delmarva Peninsula, a land mass that Virginia shares with Maryland and Delaware. CLIMATE: Virginia has a temperate climate that is affected by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Appalachian Mountains in the west. During the winter, temperatures range from 32°F to 42°F (0°C to 5°C). In the summer temperatures usually fall between 68°F and 78°F (20°C and 25°C), but the central part of the state sometimes gets temperatures of over 100°F (37°C). Virginia received between 35 and 50 inches of rain every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: June 25, 1788, as the 10th state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Sic Semper Tyrannis (Thus Always to Tyrants) STATE SONG: Former state song "Carry Me Back to Old Virginia" was retired in 1998. Virginia has not yet chosen a new official state song. PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Washington D.C.
OFFICIAL NAME: District of Columbia NICKNAMES: Capital of the World (unofficial) POPULATION: Washington, D.C., is home to 658,893 people (2014). CAPITAL: Not applicable MAJOR CITIES: Not applicable GEOGRAPHY: Washington, D.C., measures only 68 square miles. Altitudes range from 410 feet at Tenleytown/Reno Reservoir, to sea level at the Potomac River. The city is located between the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers on land that was originally swampland controlled by Virginia and Maryland. Low hills rise away from the Potomac River to the north and slope to the south of the river. CLIMATE: Washington, D.C., has a damp and muggy climate. Winter temperatures range from 27°F to 46°F (-3°C to 7°C), while summer temperatures average between 72°F and 88°F (22°C 31°C). The city receives an average of 39 inches of rain every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: Congress declared the city of Washington in the District of Columbia the permanent capital of the United States on July 16, 1790. STATE MOTTO: Justia Omnibus (Justice for All) STATE SONG: "Washington" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: D.C. United (MLS) Washington Capitals (NHL) Washington Freedom (WPS) Washington Mystics (WNBA) Washington Nationals (MLB) Washington Redskins (NFL) Washington Wizards (NBA)
Michigan
OFFICIAL NAME: Michigan NICKNAMES: Wolverine State, Great Lakes State POPULATION: Michigan is home to 9,909,877 people. It is the ninth most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Lansing MAJOR CITIES: Detroit, pop. 688,701; Grand Rapids, pop. 192,294; Warren, pop. 134,873; Sterling Heights, pop. 131,224; Lansing, pop. 113,972; Ann Arbor, pop. 117,025; Flint, pop. 99,763 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Michigan is 96,714 square miles, the 11th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 1,979 feet at Mount Arvon, the highest point in the state, to 571 feet at Lake Erie. Michigan is geographically unique because it is the only state to be made up of two peninsulas--the Upper and Lower. The Lower Peninsula is mostly flat prairie, while the Upper Peninsula has dense forests. Michigan is the only state to border four of the five Great Lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie. It holds possession of 38,021 square miles of Great Lakes water area. Michigan also has more than 10,000 smaller lakes, and many rivers. CLIMATE: The Lower Peninsula has a seasonal climate, with warm summers and cold winters. In the south, Detroit has an average winter temperature of 16°F (-9°C) and an average summer temperature of 83°F (28°C). In the north, by Sault Sainte Marie, temperatures are cooler, reaching as low as 5°F (-15°C) in the winter and as high as 76°F (24°C) in the summer. Long cold winters and mild summers are common on the Upper Peninsula. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: January 26, 1837, as the 26th state STATE MOTTO: Si Quaeris Peninsulam Amoenam, Circumspice (If You Seek a Pleasant Peninsula, Look About You) STATE SONG: "Michigan, My Michigan" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Detroit Lions (NFL) Detroit Pistons (NBA) Detroit Red Wings (NHL) Detroit Tigers (MLB)
Alabama
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Alabama NICKNAMES: Heart of Dixie, Camellia State POPULATION: Alabama is home to 4,849,377 people. It is the 23rd most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Montgomery MAJOR CITIES: Birmingham, pop. 212,113; Montgomery, pop. 201,332; Mobile, pop. 194,899; Huntsville, pop. 186,254 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Alabama is 52,420 square miles, the 30th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 2,407 feet at Cheaha Mountain, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, Alabama has plains, rivers, lakes, and lush vegetation. CLIMATE: Alabama's climate is moderate. Winter temperatures occasionally drop low enough for snow to fall, but the temperature usually stays between 35°F and 52°F (1.6°C and 11.1°C). Summers in Alabama are warm, with temperatures ranging between 75°F and 82°F (24°C to 28°C). Alabama gets almost 60 inches (152 cm) of rain every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: December 14, 1819, as the 22nd state STATE MOTTO: Audemus Jura Nostra Defendere (We Dare Defend Our Rights) STATE SONG: "Alabama" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Alaska
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Alaska NICKNAMES: Land of the Midnight Sun, Last Frontier POPULATION: Alaska is home to 736,732 people. It is the 47th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Juneau MAJOR CITIES: Anchorage, pop. 300,950; Fairbanks, pop. 32,324; Juneau, pop. 32,660 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Alaska is 665,384 square miles, the largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 20,320 feet at Denali (Mount McKinley), the highest point in North America, to sea level at the Pacific Ocean. CLIMATE: Alaska has several different climates. Some areas in southern Alaska, such as the Gulf of Alaska islands, have summer temperatures ranging from 40°F to 60°F, (4°C to 15°C). Winter temperatures range from 20°F to 40°F (-6°C to 4°C). These areas also receive from 60 to 160 inches of rain every year. Other areas of Alaska get both rain and snow, such as in the Cordova-Valdez region. There it rains at least 220 inches, and snows about 200 inches a year. In the central plains, the summers are fairly moderate with temperatures at 75°F (24°C). Winter temperatures, however, are rarely warmer than -10°F (23°C) and are commonly at -30°F (-34°C). The majority of people in Alaska live in the interior basin, which has a summer temperature range of 45°F to 75°F (7°C to 24°C). Winter temperatures here range from -10°F to 20°F (23°C to -6°C). The highest recorded temperature for Alaska is 100°F (37.7°C) (June 27, 1915, at Fort Yukon) and the lowest is -80°F (-62°C) (January 23, 1971, at Prospect Creek). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: January 3, 1959, as the 49th state STATE MOTTO: North to the Future STATE SONG: "Alaska's Flag" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Arizona
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Arizona NICKNAMES: Grand Canyon State, Apache State, Copper State POPULATION: Arizona is home to 6,731,484 people. It is the 15th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Phoenix MAJOR CITIES: Phoenix, pop. 1,513,367; Tucson, pop. 526,116; Mesa, pop. 457,587; Chandler, pop. 249,146; Glendale, pop. 234,632; Scottsdale, pop. 226,918; Gilbert, pop. 229,972; Tempe, pop. 168,228; Peoria, pop. 162,592; Surprise, pop. 123,546 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Arizona is 113,990 square miles, the sixth largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 12,633 feet at Humphrey Peak, the highest point in the state, to 70 feet near the Colorado River. One-third of Arizona rests on a huge plateau, called the Colorado Plateau. The state is also home to many canyons including the Grand Canyon, the largest in the world. CLIMATE: Some areas of Arizona receive enough rainfall to support forests, but desertlike conditions are found in a large part of the state. Temperatures vary depending on the time of day. In Phoenix, the hottest city in the United States, the average summer day temperature range is 90°F to 120°F (32°C to 48°C), while the average summer night temperature is a much cooler 70°F (21°C). Arizona's highest recorded temperature is 128°F (53°C), (June 29, 1994 at Lake Havasu City), and the lowest is -40°F (-40°C), (January 7, 1971, at Hawley Lake). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: February 14, 1912, as the 48th state STATE MOTTO: Ditat Deus (God Enriches) STATE SONG: "Arizona""Arizona March Song" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Arizona Cardinals (NFL) Arizona Diamondbacks (MLB) Phoenix Coyotes (NHL) Phoenix Mercury (WNBA) Phoenix Suns (NBA)
Arkansas
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Arkansas NICKNAMES: Natural State, Razorback State POPULATION: Arkansas is home to 2,966,369 people. It is the 32nd most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Little Rock MAJOR CITIES: Little Rock, pop. 197,357; Fort Smith, pop. 87,650; Fayetteville, pop. 78,960 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Arkansas is 53,179 square miles, the 29th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 2,753 feet at Magazine Mountain, the highest point in the state, to 55 feet at Ouachita River. Arkansas also has hills, fertile lowlands, and a coastal plain. CLIMATE: Arkansas gets about 49 inches of rain a year. Winter temperatures usually range from 29°F to 51°F (-2°C to 11°C), while summer temperatures generally average between 71°F and 93°F (22°C and 34°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: June 15, 1836, as the 25th state STATE MOTTO: Regnat Populus (The People Rule) STATE SONG: "Arkansas" (state anthem)"Arkansas (You Run Deep in Me)" and "Oh, Arkansas" (state songs) PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
California
OFFICIAL NAME: State of California NICKNAMES: Golden State POPULATION: California is home to 38,802,500 people. It is the most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Sacramento MAJOR CITIES: Los Angeles, pop. 3,884,307; San Diego, pop. 1,355,896; San Jose, pop. 998,537; San Francisco, pop. 837,442; Fresno, pop. 509,924; Sacramento, pop. 479,686; Long Beach, pop. 469,428; Oakland, pop. 406,253; Bakersfield, pop. 363,630; Anaheim, pop. 345,012; Santa Ana, pop. 334,227; Riverside, pop. 316,619; Stockton, pop. 298,118; Chula Vista, pop. 256,780; Fremont, pop. 224,922; Irvine, pop. 236,716; San Bernardino, pop. 213,708; Modesto, pop. 204,933 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: California is 163,094 square miles, the third largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 14,494 feet at Mount Whitney, the highest point in the state and in the continental U.S., to 282 feet below sea level at Death Valley. CLIMATE: In some areas of California, there is enough rain for substantial vegetation to grow, but other areas have a desert climate. California's temperatures vary greatly throughout the year. Some summer temperatures, like those in the Colorado Desert, are very high at 130°F (54°C), while others, like those in the eastern deserts, are more moderate. Temperatures during the winter in Sierra Nevada reach the freezing point (32°F/0°C), while the weather is much milder by the coast. California's lowest temperature ever recorded was -45°F (-42.7°C), on January 20, 1937, at Boca. The highest temperature ever recorded--in the state as well as in the U.S.--was 134°F (56°C), on July 10, 1913, at Furnace Creek Ranch in Death Valley. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: September 9, 1850, as the 31st state STATE MOTTO: Eureka! (I Have Found It!) STATE SONG: "I Love You, California" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Anaheim Ducks (NHL) Chivas USA (MLS) Golden State Warriors (NBA) Los Angeles Angels (MLB) Los Angeles Clippers (NBA) Los Angeles Dodgers (MLB) Los Angeles Galaxy (MLS) Los Angeles Lakers (NBA) Los Angeles Kings (NHL) Los Angeles Sparks (WNBA) Los Angeles Rams (NFL) Los Angeles Chargers (NFL) Oakland Athletics (MLB) Oakland Raiders (NFL) Sacramento Kings (NBA) San Francisco 49ers (NFL) San Francisco Giants (MLB) San Jose Earthquakes (MLS) San Jose Sharks (NHL)
Colorado
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Colorado NICKNAMES: Centennial State, Highest State, Switzerland of the Americas POPULATION: Colorado is home to 5,355,866 people. It is the 22nd most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Denver MAJOR CITIES: Denver, pop. 649,495; Colorado Springs, pop. 439,886; Aurora, pop. 345,803; Fort Collins, pop. 152,061; Lakewood, pop. 147,214; Thornton, pop. 127,359; Pueblo, pop. 108,249; Arvada, pop. 111,707; Westminster, pop. 110,945; Centennial, pop. 106,114 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Colorado is 104,094 square miles, the eighth largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 14,433 feet at Mount Elbert, the highest point in the state, to 3,315 feet at the Arikaree River. Colorado also has a variety of terrain, including grass-covered plains, hills, and mountain ranges. CLIMATE: Colorado has three different climates: the plains, the piedmont, and the Rocky Mountain range. The plains region is the warmest of the three with summer temperatures frequently reaching above 100°F (37°C) and winter temperatures averaging around 35°F (1.6°C). The piedmont area is very windy, and the wind sometimes blows more than 100 miles an hour. Summer temperatures stay around 73°F (22.7°C) and winter temperatures are just below freezing at 30°F (-1°C). The Rocky Mountain region has much lower temperatures and gets a lot of snow. Summer temperature stay around 60°F (15.5°C) and winter temperatures--usually around 25°F (-3.8°C)--frequently drop to -50°F (-45°C) at higher elevations. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: August 1, 1876, as the 38th state STATE MOTTO: Nil Sine Numine (Nothing Without Providence) STATE SONG: "Where the Columbines Grow" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Colorado Avalanche (NHL) Colorado Rapids (MLS) Colorado Rockies (MLB) Denver Broncos (NFL) Denver Nuggets (NBA)
Connecticut
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Connecticut NICKNAMES: Constitution State, Nutmeg State POPULATION: Connecticut is home to 3,596,677 people. It is the 29th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Hartford MAJOR CITIES: Bridgeport, pop. 147,216; New Haven, pop. 130,660; Hartford, pop. 125,017; Stamford, pop. 126,456; Waterbury, pop. 109,676 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Connecticut is 5,543 square miles, the third smallest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 2,380 feet at Mount Frissell, the highest point in the state, to sea level at Long Island Sound. Connecticut also has hills, valleys, and lowlands. CLIMATE: Between 40 to 50 inches of rain and snow fall in Connecticut every year. Winter temperatures usually range between 24°F (-4°C) and 30°F (-1°C), while summer temperatures generally average between 68°F (20°C) and 90°F (32°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: January 9, 1788, as the fifth state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Qui Transtulit Sustinet (He Who Transplanted Still Sustains) STATE SONG: "Yankee Doodle" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Connecticut Sun (WNBA)
Delaware
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Delaware NICKNAMES: First State, Diamond State POPULATION: Delaware is home to 935,614 people. It is the 45th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Dover MAJOR CITIES: Wilmington, pop. 71,525; Dover, pop. 37,366; Newark, pop. 32,549 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Delaware is 2,489 square miles, the second smallest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 448 feet at Ebright Road, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. Delaware also has lagoons, shallow bays, and beaches. CLIMATE: Delaware's climate is mild and humid. The winter temperature is usually around 23°F (-5°C), while the summer temperature is usually around 86°F (30°C). Almost 45 inches of rain and snow fall in Delaware every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: December 7, 1787, as the first state to ratify the U.S. Constitution; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Liberty and Independence STATE SONG: "Our Delaware" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Florida
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Florida NICKNAMES: Sunshine State, Everglades State POPULATION: Florida is home to 19,893,297 people. It is the fourth most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Tallahassee MAJOR CITIES: Jacksonville, pop. 842,583; Miami, pop. 417,650; Tampa, pop. 352,957; St. Petersburg, pop.249,688; Orlando, pop. 255,483; Hialeah, pop. 233,394; Tallahassee, pop. 186,411; Fort Lauderdale, pop. 172,389; Port St. Lucie, pop. 171,0163; Pembroke Pines, pop. 162,329; Cape Coral, pop. 165,831 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Florida is 65,758 square miles, the 22nd largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 345 feet in Walton County, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. Florida also has swamps, canals, streams, and a chain of tropical islands known as the Florida Keys. CLIMATE: Florida has hot, humid summers and mild, wet winters. Summer temperatures are usually in the low- to mid-80s (26°C to 29°C) while the winter temperatures generally range between 50°F (10°C) and 60°F (15°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: March 3, 1845, as the 27th state STATE MOTTO: In God We Trust STATE SONG: "The Swanee River (Old Folks at Home)" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Florida Marlins (MLB) Florida Panthers (NHL) Jacksonville Jaguars (NFL) Miami Dolphins (NFL) Miami Heat (NBA) Orlando Magic (NBA) Tampa Bay Buccaneers (NFL) Tampa Bay Lightning (NHL) Tampa Bay Rays (MLB)
Georgia
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Georgia NICKNAMES: Peach State, Empire State of the South POPULATION: Georgia is home to 10.097.343 people. It is the eighth most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Atlanta MAJOR CITIES: Atlanta, pop. 447,841; Augusta-Richmond County, pop. 197,350; Columbus, pop. 202,824; Savannah, pop. 142,772; Athens-Clarke County, pop. 119,980 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Georgia is 59,425 square miles, the 24th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 4,784 feet at Brasstown Bald, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. Georgia also has mountains, lowlands, and swamplands. CLIMATE: Average winter temperatures in Georgia range from 42°F (5°C) to 52°F (11°C). Average summer temperature are between 79°F (26°C), and 85°F (29°C). Georgia receives approximately 50 to 60 inches of rain every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: January 2, 1788, as the fourth state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Wisdom, Justice, and Moderation STATE SONG: "Georgia on My Mind" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Atlanta Beat (WPS) Atlanta Braves (MLB) Atlanta Dream (WNBA) Atlanta Falcons (NFL)
Hawaii
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Hawai'i NICKNAMES: Aloha State POPULATION: Hawaii is home to 1,419,561 people. It is the 40th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Honolulu MAJOR CITIES: Honolulu, pop. 347,884 ; Pearl City, pop. 47,698; Hilo, pop. 43,263 (2010) OFFICIAL NAME: State of Hawai'i NICKNAMES: Aloha State POPULATION: Hawaii is home to 1,419,561 people. It is the 40th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Honolulu MAJOR CITIES: Honolulu, pop. 347,884 ; Pearl City, pop. 47,698; Hilo, pop. 43,263 (2010)
Idaho
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Idaho NICKNAMES: Gem State POPULATION: Idaho is home to 1,634,464 people. It is the 39th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Boise MAJOR CITIES: Boise, pop. 214,237; Nampa, pop. 86,518; Meridian, pop. 83,596 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Idaho is 83,569 square miles, the 14th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 12,662 feet at Borah Peak, the highest point in the state, to 710 feet at the Snake River. Idaho has 2,000 lakes and several major rivers. CLIMATE: Because the Rocky Mountains block the cold winter air of Montana and Wyoming, Idaho is warmer than its neighboring states. Average January temperatures range from 17°F (-8°C) to 31°F (0°C), while July temperatures range from 60°F (15°C) to 77°F (25°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state STATE MOTTO: Esto Perpetua (It Is Perpetual) STATE SONG: "Here We Have Idaho" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Illinois
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Illinois NICKNAMES: Prairie State, Land of Lincoln POPULATION: Illinois is home to 12,880,580 people. It is the fifth most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Springfield MAJOR CITIES: Chicago, pop. 2,718,782; Aurora, pop. 199,963; Rockford, pop. 150,251; Joliet, pop. 147,806; Naperville, pop. 144,864; Springfield, pop. 117,006; Peoria, pop. 116,513; Elgin, pop. 110,145 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Illinois is 57,914 square miles, the 25th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 1,235 feet at Charles Mound, the highest point in the state, to 279 feet at the Mississippi River. Illinois also has prairies, hills, and extensive waterways. CLIMATE: Illinois gets about 37 inches of rain a year. Winter temperatures usually range from 13°F (-10°C) to 34°F (1°C), while summer temperatures usually range between 66°F (18°C) and 79°F (26°C). In the northern part of the state, the temperature drops below freezing about 140 to 145 days a year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: December 3, 1818, as the 21st state STATE MOTTO: State Sovereignty, National Union STATE SONG: "Illinois" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Chicago Bears (NFL) Chicago Blackhawks (NHL) Chicago Bulls (NBA) Chicago Cubs (MLB) Chicago Fire (MLS) Chicago Red Stars (WPS) Chicago Sky (WNBA) Chicago White Sox (MLB)
Indiana
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Indiana NICKNAMES: Hoosier State POPULATION: Indiana is home to 6,596,855 people. It is the 16th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Indianapolis MAJOR CITIES: Indianapolis, pop. 843,393; Fort Wayne, pop. 256,496; Evansville, pop. 120,310; South Bend, pop. 100,886 (2013)] GEOGRAPHY: Indiana is 36,420 square miles, the 38th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 1,257 feet at Hoosier Hill in Franklin Township, the highest point in the state, to 320 feet at the Ohio River. Indiana has fertile soil and large deposits of gravel and sand. CLIMATE: Indiana's climate is temperate. Winter temperatures range from 25°F (-4°C) to 37°F (-3°C), while summer temperatures range from 73°F (23°C) to 78°F (25°C). Indiana gets almost 45 inches of rain and snow a year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: December 11, 1816, as the 19th state STATE MOTTO: The Crossroads of America STATE SONG: "On the Banks of the Wabash, Far Away" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Indiana Fever (WNBA) Indiana Pacers (NBA)Indianapolis Colts (NFL)
Iowa
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Iowa NICKNAMES: Hawkeye State, Land Where Tall Corn Grows, Nation's Breadbasket, Corn State POPULATION: Iowa is home to 3,107,126 people. It is the 30th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Des Moines MAJOR CITIES: Des Moines, pop. 207,510; Cedar Rapids, pop. 128,429; Davenport, pop. 102,157 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Iowa is 56,273 square miles, the 26th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 1,670 feet at Hawkeye Point in Osceola County, the highest point in the state, to 480 feet at the Mississippi River. Iowa has very fertile soil—95% of the state is suitable for farming. CLIMATE: Iowa has cold winters and hot, humid summers. Winter temperatures usually range from 14°F (-10°C) to 22°F (-5°C) while summer temperatures generally average 74°F (23°C). Iowa gets about 28 to 35 inches of rain a year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: December 28, 1846, as the 29th state STATE MOTTO: Our Liberties We Prize, and Our Rights We Will Maintain STATE SONG: "The Song of Iowa" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Kansas
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Kansas NICKNAMES: Sunflower State POPULATION: Kansas is home to 2,904,021 people. It is the 34rd most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Topeka MAJOR CITIES: Wichita, pop. 386,552; Overland Park, pop. 181,260; Kansas City, pop. 148,483; Topeka, pop. 127,679; Olathe, pop. 131,885 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Kansas is 82,278 square miles, the 15th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 4,039 feet at Mount Sunflower, the highest point in the state, to 679 feet at the Verdigris River. Kansas also has very fertile soil, hills, ridges, river valleys, and high plains. CLIMATE: Kansas gets anywhere from 16 to 40 inches of rain a year. Winter temperatures usually range from 26°F (-3°C) to 34°F (2°C), while summer temperatures often reach above 90°F (32°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: January 29, 1861, as the 34th state STATE MOTTO: Ad Astra Per Aspera (To the Stars Through Difficulties) STATE SONG: "Home on the Range" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Kansas City Wizards (MLS)
Louisiana
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Louisiana NICKNAMES: Pelican State POPULATION: Louisiana is home to 4,649,676 people. It is the 25th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Baton Rouge MAJOR CITIES: New Orleans, pop. 378,715; Baton Rouge, pop. 229,426; Shreveport, pop. 200,327; Metairie, pop. 138,481; Lafayette, pop. 124,276 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Louisiana is 52,378 square miles, the 31st largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 535 feet at Driskill Mountain, the highest point in the state, to eight feet below sea level at New Orleans. Louisiana has marshes, swamps, bayous, lush vegetation, and fertile soil. CLIMATE: Louisiana gets anywhere from 45 to 56 inches of rain every year. Winter temperatures usually range from 48°F to 52°F (9°C to 11°C), while summer temperatures generally range between 78°F and 82°F (25°C to 28°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: April 30, 1812, as the 18th state STATE MOTTO: Union, Justice, and Confidence STATE SONG: "Give Me Louisiana" "You Are My Sunshine" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: New Orleans Hornets (NBA)New Orleans Saints (NFL)
Maine
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Maine NICKNAMES: Pine Tree State, Border State POPULATION: Maine is home to 1,330,089 people. It is the 41st most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Augusta MAJOR CITIES: Portland, pop. 66,318; Lewiston, pop. 36,437; Bangor, pop. 32,673; Augusta, pop. 18,793 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Maine is 35,380 square miles. It is the 39th largest state in the country, but the largest state in New England. Altitudes range from 5,268 feet at Mount Katahdin, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. Maine also has pine forests, glacial peaks, lakes, rivers, streams, wilderness, and wetlands. CLIMATE: Maine receives between 34 and 40 inches of rain and snow every year. Winter temperatures usually range between 10°F (-12°C) and 24°F (-4°C), while summer temperatures generally average between 62°F (16°C) and 70°F (21°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: March 15, 1820, as the 23rd state STATE MOTTO: Dirigo (I Direct) STATE SONG: "State of Maine Song" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: New England Patriots (NFL)
Maryland
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Maryland NICKNAMES: Free State, Old Line State POPULATION: Maryland is home to 5,976,407 people. It is the 19th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Annapolis MAJOR CITIES: Baltimore, pop. 622,104; Columbia, pop. 99,615; Germantown, pop. 86,395; Annapolis, pop. 38,722 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Maryland is 12,406 square miles. It is the 42nd largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 3,360 feet at Hoye Crest, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. Maryland is a flat and fertile region. CLIMATE: Maryland receives between 40 and 50 inches of rainfall every year. Winter temperatures usually range between 32°F and 40°F (0°C and 4°C), while summer temperatures generally average between 75°F and 82°F (23°C and 27°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: April 28, 1788, as the seventh state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Fatti Maschii Parole Femine (Manly Deeds, Womanly Words) Scuto Bonae Voluntatis Tuae Coronasti Nos (With Favor Wilt Thou Compass Us as With a Shield) STATE SONG: "Maryland, My Maryland" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Baltimore Orioles (MLB) Baltimore Ravens (NFL)
Minnesota
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Minnesota NICKNAMES: North Star State, Gopher State POPULATION: Minnesota is home to 5,457,173 people. It is the 21st most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: St. Paul MAJOR CITIES: Minneapolis, pop. 400,070; St. Paul, pop. 294,873; Rochester, pop. 110,742 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Minnesota is 86,936 square miles, the 12th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 2,301 feet at Eagle Mountain, the highest point in the state, to 601 feet at Lake Superior. Minnesota is mostly plains and prairies to the south, and dense forests in the north. Because of its many lakes, Minnesota is sometimes known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes." CLIMATE: Temperatures in Minnesota can vary to extremes. Average winter temperatures are 0°F (-17°C) in the north, and 14°F (-10°C) in the southern part of the state. Temperatures can reach as low as -20°F (-29°C) in some parts of Minnesota. Average summer temperatures are 74°F (23°C) in the south and 60° (15°C) in the north. Minnesota receives about 20 to 30 inches of rain and 30 to 60 inches of snow every year. Much of the state remains covered in snow for long periods of time during the winter. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: May 11, 1858, as the 32nd state STATE MOTTO: L'Etoile du Nord (Star of the North) STATE SONG: "Hail! Minnesota" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Minnesota Lynx (WNBA) Minnesota Timberwolves (NBA) Minnesota Twins (MLB) Minnesota Vikings (NFL) Minnesota Wild (NHL)
Mississippi
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Mississippi NICKNAMES: Magnolia State POPULATION: Mississippi is home to 2,994,079 people. It is the 31st most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Jackson MAJOR CITIES: Jackson, pop. 172,638; Gulfport, pop. 71,012; Southaven, pop. 50,997 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Mississippi is 48,432 square miles, the 32nd largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 806 feet at Woodall Mountain, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Gulf of Mexico. While there are hills in the northeast section of the state, Mississippi is generally made up of low flatlands, with large tracts of marshland. Two sections of the state, known as the Central Prairie and the Black Prairie, feature the rich soil that has made farming so successful in Mississippi. CLIMATE: Summers in Mississippi can be very hot and humid, while winter temperatures are generally mild. Wintertime lows reach 42°F (5°C) in the north and 54°F (12°C) in the south. On summer mornings, temperatures average between 75°F and 78°F (23°C and 25°C), but can climb to over 95°F (35°C) during the day. Mississippi receives between 48 and 60 inches of rain every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: December 10, 1817, as the 20th state STATE MOTTO: Virtute et Armis (By Valor and Arms) STATE SONG: "Go, Mississippi!" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
New Jersey
OFFICIAL NAME: State of New Jersey NICKNAMES: Garden State POPULATION: New Jersey is home to 8,938,175 people. It is the 11th most populous state in the United States. New Jersey is also the most densely populated state, with about 1,210 people per square mile (2014). CAPITAL: Trenton MAJOR CITIES: Newark, pop. 278,427; Jersey City, pop. 257,342; Paterson, pop. 145,948; Elizabeth, pop. 127,558; Trenton, pop. 84,349 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: New Jersey is 8,723 square miles, the fourth smallest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 1,803 feet at High Point, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. New Jersey also has rich soil, rugged hills, pine forests, and rolling countryside. CLIMATE: New Jersey's climate changes depending on the season. Winter temperatures average 33°F (1°C), while summer temperatures average 74°F (23°C). New Jersey gets about 45 inches of rain a year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: December 18, 1787, as the third state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Liberty and Prosperity STATE SONG: "I'm From New Jersey" (unofficial) PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: New Jersey Devils (NHL) Sky Blue FC (WPS)
Missouri
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Missouri NICKNAMES: Show Me State POPULATION: Missouri is home to 6,063,589 people. It is the 18th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Jefferson City MAJOR CITIES: Kansas City, pop. 467,007; St. Louis, pop. 318,416; Springfield, pop. 164,122; Independence, pop. 117,240; Columbia, pop. 115,276; Jefferson City, pop. 43,330 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Missouri is 69,707 square miles, the 21st largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 1,772 feet at Taum Sauk Mountain, the highest point in the state, to 230 feet at the St. Francis River. Two important rivers, the Missouri and the Mississippi, meet in St. Louis. Missouri has forests, prairies, caves, valleys, and natural springs. CLIMATE: Missouri has a humid climate with hot summers and cold winters. Average summer temperatures range from 76°F to 80°F (24°C to 26°C). In the winter, temperatures in the north average about 24°F (-4°C). In the warmer south, temperatures range from 36°F to 38°F (2°C to 3°C). The temperature can vary greatly during the winter, from 0°F (-17°C) to 60°F (15°C). Northern Missouri receives about 34 inches of rain every year, while the south receives about 50 inches. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: August 10, 1821, as the 24th state STATE MOTTO: Salus Populi Suprema Lex Esto (Let the Welfare of the People Be the Supreme Law) STATE SONG: "Missouri Waltz" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) Kansas City Royals (MLB) St. Louis Blues (NHL) St. Louis Cardinals (MLB)
Montana
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Montana NICKNAMES: Big Sky Country, Treasure State POPULATION: Montana is home to 1,023,579 people. It is the 44th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Helena MAJOR CITIES: Billings, pop. 109,059; Missoula, pop. 69,122; Great Falls, pop. 59,351; Helena, pop. 29,596 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Montana is 145,546 square miles, the fourth largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 12,799 feet at Granite Peak, the highest point in the state, to 1,800 feet at the Kootenai River. Montana is divided between the Rocky Mountains in the west and the Great Plains to the east. The mountain regions have peaks, valleys, and forests, while the plains feature rolling grasslands that feed large herds of sheep and cattle. CLIMATE: The mountainous western half of Montana has mild winters and cool summers, while temperatures vary more on the flat plains of the east. In the summer, temperatures average around 72°F (22°C) in the southeast, and about 60°F (15°C) in the southwest. Winter temperatures range from 6°F (-14°C) in the east, to 24°F (-4°C) in the west. While flat areas of Montana receive about 15 inches of rain every year, the mountains may receive anywhere from 50 to 300 inches of snow every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: November 8, 1889, as the 41st state STATE MOTTO: Oro y Plata (Gold and Silver) STATE SONG: "Montana" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Nebraska
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Nebraska NICKNAMES: Cornhusker State, Tree Planter State POPULATION: Nebraska is home to 1,881,503 people. It is the 37th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Lincoln MAJOR CITIES: Omaha, pop. 434,353; Lincoln, pop. 268,738; Bellevue, pop. 53,663 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Nebraska is 77,348 square miles, the 16th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 5,424 feet at Panorama Point in Johnson Township, the highest point in the state, to 840 feet at the Missouri River. Nebraska is made up of prairies and river valleys. These valleys are created by the Platte River, which runs west to east across the state, and by tributaries of the Missouri River, which forms Nebraska's eastern border. CLIMATE: Weather conditions in Nebraska vary widely and can be extreme. Temperatures below 0°F (-17°C) in the winter, and above 100°F (37°C) in the summer are not unusual. Average temperatures range from 20°F to 29°F (-6°C to -1°C) during the winter, and from 68°F to 78°F (20°C to 25°C) during the summer. Blizzards, tornadoes, hailstorms, and dust storms are all common in Nebraska. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: March 1, 1867, as the 37th state STATE MOTTO: Equality Before the Law STATE SONG: "Beautiful Nebraska" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Nevada
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Nevada NICKNAMES: Sagebrush State, Battle Born State, Silver State POPULATION: Nevada is home to 2,839,099 people. It is the 35th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Carson City MAJOR CITIES: Las Vegas, pop. 603,488; Henderson, pop. 270,811; Reno, pop. 233,294; Paradise, pop. 223,167; North Las Vegas, pop. 226,877; Carson City, pop. 54,080 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Nevada is 110,572 square miles, the seventh largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 13,140 feet at Boundary Peak, the highest point in the state, to 479 feet at the Colorado River. Western Nevada has several mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada on the California border. Desert-like grasslands are found in central Nevada, while the north is made up of alkai deserts caused by the Great Salt Lake in neighboring Utah. CLIMATE: Temperature and rainfall vary widely in Nevada. In the south, near Las Vegas, summers are very hot, while winters are short and mild. The average summer temperature in this part of the state is 90°F (32°C), but can reach to over 100°F (37°C). In the winter, temperatures range from 50°F to 55°F (10°C to 12°C). Near the Oregon and Idaho borders in the north, summer temperatures are much lower, around 66°F (18°C). In the winter, the average temperature is about 24°F (-4°C). The desert-like areas of Nevada receive only 4-9 inches of rain a year. Snowfall in the mountains is somewhat heavier at about 15 inches a year. Nevada is one of the driest states in the nation. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: October 31, 1864, as the 36th state STATE MOTTO: All for Our Country STATE SONG: "Home Means Nevada" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
New Hampshire
OFFICIAL NAME: State of New Hampshire NICKNAMES: Granite State POPULATION: New Hampshire is home to 1,326,813 people. It is the 42nd most-populated state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Concord MAJOR CITIES: Manchester, pop. 110,378; Nashua, pop. 87,137; Concord, pop. 42,419 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: New Hampshire is 9,348 square miles, the seventh-smallest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 6,288 feet at Mount Washington, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. The White Mountains are located in the north. This part of the state is very rugged with thick forests. Southern New Hampshire is a hilly region with many lakes and streams; this area is known as the New England Upland. New Hampshire borders the Atlantic Ocean and has 131 miles of shoreline. CLIMATE: Temperatures vary more in New Hampshire than in any other New England state. In general, winters are long, cold, and snowy, while summers tend to be short and cool. The average winter temperature in northern New Hampshire is 12°F (-11°C), while farther south it is 23°F (-5°C). In the summer, average temperatures range from 65°F (18°C) in the north, to 71°F (21°C) in the south. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: June 21, 1788, as the ninth state; one of the original 13 colonies STATE MOTTO: Live Free or Die STATE SONG: "Old New Hampshire" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: New England Patriots (NFL)
New Mexico
OFFICIAL NAME: State of New Mexico NICKNAMES: Land of Enchantment POPULATION: New Mexico is home to 2,085,572 people. It is the 36th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Santa Fe MAJOR CITIES: Albuquerque, pop. 556,495; Las Cruces, pop. 101,324; Rio Rancho, pop. 91,956; Santa Fe, pop. 69,976 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: New Mexico is 121,590 square miles, the 5th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 13,161 feet at Wheeler Peak, the highest point in the state, to 2,842 feet at the Red Bluff Reservoir. New Mexico is made up of several different types of terrain, including mountains, plains, plateau, mesas, deserts, forests, and meadows. The Rocky Mountains pass through the state, and the Great Plains extend into eastern New Mexico. Major rivers include the Rio Grande and the Pecos. CLIMATE: New Mexico is known for its mild, dry climate. The average winter temperature is around 48°F (8°C) while the average summer temperature is about 84°F (28°C). Temperatures can drop by as much as 40° at night. New Mexico receives only about 13 inches of rain every year across the state, but as much as 40 inches of rain or snow may fall in the mountains. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: January 6, 1912, as the 47th state STATE MOTTO: Crescit Eundo (It Grows as It Goes) STATE SONG: "O Fair New Mexico""Asi Es Nueva Mejico" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
New York
OFFICIAL NAME: State of New York NICKNAMES: Empire State POPULATION: New York is home to 19,746,227 people. It is the third most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Albany MAJOR CITIES: New York City, pop. 8,405,837; Buffalo, pop. 258,959; Rochester, pop. 210,358; Yonkers, pop. 199,766; Syracuse, pop. 144,669; Albany, pop. 98,424 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: New York is 54,555 square miles, the 27th largest state in the United States. It has a range of altitudes from 5,344 feet at Mount Marcy, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. New York also has mountains, river valleys, highlands, and marine plains. The southern tip of the state is broken into several islands including Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island. CLIMATE: New York has a humid climate with distinct seasons. Winter temperatures usually range between 16°F and 33°F (-8°C and 1°C), while summer temperatures generally average between 66°F and 77°F (18°C and 25°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: July 26, 1788, as the 11th state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Excelsior (Ever Upward) STATE SONG: "I Love New York" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Brooklyn Nets (NBA)Buffalo Bills (NFL) Buffalo Sabres (NHL) New York Giants (NFL) New York Islanders (NHL) New York Jets (NFL) New York Knicks (NBA) New York Liberty (WNBA) New York Mets (MLB) New York Rangers (NHL) New York Red Bulls (MLS) New York Yankees (MLB)
North Carolina
OFFICIAL NAME: State of North Carolina NICKNAMES: Tar Heel State, Old North State POPULATION: North Carolina is home to 9,943,964 people. It is the 10th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Raleigh MAJOR CITIES: Charlotte, pop. 792,862; Raleigh, pop. 431,746; Greensboro, pop. 279,639; Winston-Salem, pop. 236,441; Durham, pop. 245,475; Fayetteville, pop. 204,408; Cary, pop. 151,088; Wilmington, pop. 112,067; High Point, pop. 107,741 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: North Carolina is 53,819 square miles, the 28th largest state in the United States. It has a range of altitudes from 6,684 feet at Mount Mitchell, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. North Carolina also has mountains, piedmont plateau, and coastal plains. CLIMATE: North Carolina's climate is humid with warm summers and mild winters. In the winter, temperatures average between 40°F and 45°F (4°C and 7°C) in most parts of the state, except in the mountains where they range between 34°F and 38°F (1°C and 3°C). Summer temperatures average around 78°F (25°C). Rainfall is heaviest during the summer, and the state is often hit by tropical storms and hurricanes. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: November 21, 1789, as the 12th state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Esse Quam Videri (To Be Rather Than to Seem) STATE SONG: "The Old North State" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Carolina Hurricanes (NHL) Carolina Panthers (NFL) Charlotte Bobcats (NBA)
North Dakota
OFFICIAL NAME: State of North Dakota NICKNAMES: Peace Garden State POPULATION: North Dakota is home to 739,482 people. It is the 48th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Bismarck MAJOR CITIES: Fargo, pop. 113,658; Bismarck, pop. 67,034; Grand Forks, pop. 54,932 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: North Dakota is 70,698 square miles, the 19th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 3,506 feet at White Butte, the highest point in the state, to 750 feet at the Red River. The state is divided between the rolling prairie land in the eastern part of the state, and the Missouri Plateau--North Dakota's section of the Great Plains--in the west. CLIMATE: Temperatures and rainfall vary greatly between regions in North Dakota. In the summer, temperatures range between 82°F in the north and 88°F in the south (27°C and 31°C). In the winter, temperatures range from 26°F in the southwest to 10°F (-3°C to -12°C) in the northeast. The difference between rainfall in the east and west is extreme. Eastern North Dakota may receive 520 inches of rain a year, while only 14 inches may fall in the west. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: November 2, 1889, as the 39th state STATE MOTTO: Liberty and Union, Now and Forever, One and Inseparable STATE SONG: "North Dakota Hymn" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Ohio
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Ohio NICKNAMES: Buckeye State POPULATION: Ohio is home to 11,594,163 people. It is the seventh most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Columbus MAJOR CITIES: Columbus, pop. 822,553; Cleveland, pop. 390,113; Cincinnati, pop. 297,517; Toledo, pop. 282,313; Akron, pop. 198,100; Dayton, pop. 143,355 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Ohio is 44,826 square miles, the 34th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 1,550 feet at Campbell Hill, the highest point in the state, to 455 feet at the Ohio River. Located near the Appalachian and Allegheny Mountains, eastern Ohio features hills, valleys, rivers, and bluffs. The terrain become less rugged toward central Ohio, while the western part of the state tends to be flatter with clay, sand, and gravel deposits. CLIMATE: Ohio's climate is seasonal with warm summers and cold winters. In the winter, temperatures range from 24°F to 35°F (-4°C to 1°C). In the summer, temperatures average around 75°F (23°C). Ohio receives approximately 28 to 46 inches of rain every year. Cold air from Canada sometimes causes cyclones or thunderstorms during the winter. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: March 1, 1803, as the 17th state STATE MOTTO: With God, All Things Are Possible STATE SONG: "Beautiful Ohio" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Cincinnati Bengals (NFL) Cincinnati Reds (MLB) Cleveland Browns (NFL) Cleveland Cavaliers (NBA) Cleveland Indians (MLB) Cleveland Rockers (WNBA) Columbus Blue Jackets (NHL) Columbus Crew (MLS)
Oklahoma
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Oklahoma NICKNAMES: Sooner State POPULATION: Oklahoma is home to 3,878,051 people. It is the 28th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Oklahoma City MAJOR CITIES: Oklahoma City, pop. 610,613; Tulsa, pop. 398,121; Norman, pop. 118,197 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Oklahoma is 69,899 square miles, the 20th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 4,973 feet at Black Mesa, the highest point in the state, to 289 feet at the Little River. Part of the Great Plains, Oklahoma is made up mostly of prairie and grassland. The state also has three mountain ranges: the Wichita, Ouachita, and Boston Mountains, a rugged chain of the Ozark Mountains. CLIMATE: Oklahoma is often affected by harsh weather conditions, such as drought or tornadoes. The average winter temperature is 38°F (3°C), but summers are very hot, with temperatures reaching over 100°F (37°C). The western half of the state receives only 15 inches of rain a year, while eastern Oklahoma may receive as much as 50 inches of rain. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: November 16, 1907, as the 46th state STATE MOTTO: Labor Omnia Vincit (Labor Conquers All Things) STATE SONG: "Oklahoma" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Oklahoma City Thunder (NBA) Tulsa Shock (WNBA)
Oregon
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Oregon NICKNAMES: Beaver State POPULATION: Oregon is home to 3,970,239 people. It is the 27th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Salem MAJOR CITIES: Portland, pop. 609,456; Eugene, pop. 159,190; Salem, pop. 160,614; Gresham, pop. 109,397 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Oregon is 98,379 square miles, the 9th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 11,239 feet at Mount Hood, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Pacific Ocean. Oregon's terrain includes beaches, mountains, valleys, deserts, farmland, and even rainforests. The beaches of the Pacific coast are rugged with high peaks. The Klamath Mountains lie about 25 miles inland and form the western wall of the Willamette Valley. Farther east is the Cascade Range, featuring Mount Hood. South of the Cascades, the land turns to semiarid desert. The Columbia Plateau, formed by volcanic eruptions millions of years ago, is located in the northeastern and central parts of the state. The northeast corner of Oregon features rich farmland and many gorges formed by the Snake River, including Hell's Canyon, the deepest gorge in North America. Major rivers include the Columbia and Willamette Rivers. CLIMATE: Oregon's many different kinds of terrain create different climate conditions throughout the state. The forests and mountains of the western coast receive at least 120 inches of rain every year. In this region, summer temperatures average 57°F to 60°F (13°C to 15°C), while winter temperatures stay between 40°F and 46°F (4°C and 7°C). The eastern half of the state is drier, especially the semiarid plateau of north central Oregon, and the desert region near Umatilla. These areas receive only 10 to 20 inches of rain a year. Summer temperatures in this area range between 70°F and 75°F (21°C and 23°C), while winter temperatures average around 32°F (0°C). ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: February 14, 1859, as the 33rd state STATE MOTTO: She Flies With Her Own Wings STATE SONG: "Oregon, My Oregon" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Portland Trail Blazers (NBA)
Rhode Island
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations NICKNAMES: Little Rhody, Ocean State POPULATION: Rhode Island is home to 1,055,173 people. It is the 43rd most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Providence MAJOR CITIES: Providence, pop. 177,994; Warwick, pop. 81,971; Cranston, pop. 80,566 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Rhode Island measures only 1,545 square miles. It is the smallest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 812 feet at Jerimoth Hill, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. A New England state, Rhode Island has beaches, valleys, and forests. Rhode Island Sound contains the Newport Islands, and Block Island lies to the south in Block Island Sound. CLIMATE: Rhode Island has a humid, temperate climate that is affected by the Atlantic Ocean. In the summer, temperatures average around 73°F (22°C), while in the winter temperatures average 28°F (-2°C). Rhode Island may receive up to 46 inches of rain, and 35 inches of snow every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: May 29, 1790, as the 13th state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Hope STATE SONG: "Rhode Island It's for Me" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
South Carolina
OFFICIAL NAME: State of South Carolina NICKNAMES: Palmetto State POPULATION: South Carolina is home to 4,832,482 people. It is the 24th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Columbia MAJOR CITIES: Columbia, pop. 133,358; Charleston, pop. 127,999; North Charleston, pop. 104,054 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: South Carolina is 32,0210 square miles, the 40th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 3,560 feet at Sassafras Mountain, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Atlantic Ocean. South Carolina's terrain can be divided into three sections; the Coastal Plain, the Piedmont Plateau, and the Blue Ridge Mountains. The Coastal Plain is made up of beaches, marshes, and sandy soil, while the Piedmont Plateau has forests and hills. The Blue Ridge Mountains are part of the Appalachian Mountain chain. CLIMATE: South Carolina has a warm, almost tropical climate. In the winter, temperatures rarely fall below 40°F (4°C), while summer temperatures average between 80°F and 92°F (26°C and 33°). Precipitation ranges from 48 inches on the coast to 70 inches in the mountains to the west. Snow rarely falls outside the mountain regions. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: May 23, 1788, as the eighth state; one of the 13 original colonies STATE MOTTO: Animis Opibusque Parati (Prepared in Mind and Resources)Dum Spiro Spero (While I Breathe, I Hope) STATE SONG: "Carolina" "South Carolina On My Mind" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
South Dakota
OFFICIAL NAME: State of South Dakota NICKNAMES: Coyote State, Mount Rushmore State POPULATION: South Dakota is home to 853,175 people. It is the 46th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Pierre MAJOR CITIES: Sioux Falls, pop. 164,676; Rapid City, pop. 70,812; Aberdeen, pop. 27,333; Pierre, pop. 13,984 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: South Dakota is 77,116 square miles, the 17th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 7,242 feet at Harney Peak, the highest point in the state, to 966 feet at Big Stone Lake. Eastern South Dakota, where many of the state's farms are located, is made up of fertile prairie lands. The Badlands, a rugged area of buttes, mesas, and canyons, begins west of the Missouri River and continues toward the western part of the state. Caves, cliffs, and gullies mark the Black Hills in the west. The Badlands and Black Hills feature some of the oldest rock formations in North America and contain many fossils of prehistoric life. CLIMATE: Temperatures in South Dakota can reach extremes. Summers are very warm, with temperatures averaging between 70°F and 75°F (21°C and 23°C). In the winter, temperatures average between 10°F and 24°F (-12°C and -4°C) and sometimes drop to -20°F (-28°C) or lower. South Dakota has a dry climate and receives between 13 and 25 inches of rain a year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: November 2, 1889, as the 40th state STATE MOTTO: Under God, the People Rule STATE SONG: "Hail, South Dakota" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Tennessee
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Tennessee NICKNAMES: Volunteer State POPULATION: Tennessee is home to 6,549,352 people. It is the 17th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Nashville MAJOR CITIES: Memphis, pop. 653,450; Nashville-Davidson, pop. 634,464; Knoxville, pop. 183,270; Chattanooga, pop. 173,366; Clarksville, pop. 142,357; Murfreesboro, pop. 117,044 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Tennessee is 42,144 square miles, the 36th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 6,643 feet at Clingmans Dome, the highest point in the state, to 178 feet at the Mississippi River. The Great Smoky and Blue Ridge Mountains are located in eastern Tennessee. The middle and western parts of the state are made up of river valleys created by the Tennessee and Mississippi Rivers. Most of the state's farmland is located in these areas. CLIMATE: Tennessee's eastern mountains have a different climate than flatter areas in the west. In the summer, temperatures commonly reach 80°F (26°C) in the mountains, and 90°F (32°C) in the west, although temperatures as high as 95°F (35°C) are not uncommon in this area. During the winter, mountain temperatures sometimes go below 34°F (1°C), but western temperatures usually stay above 42°F (5°C). Tennessee receives about 52 inches of rain every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: June 1, 1796, as the 16th state STATE MOTTO: Agriculture and Commerce STATE SONG: As of 2010, Tennessee had more state songs than any other state, with eight (listed here in chronological order): "My Homeland, Tennessee" "When It's Iris Time in Tennessee" "My Tennessee" (official public school song) "Tennessee Waltz" "Rocky Top" "Tennessee" "The Pride of Tennessee" "A Tennessee Bicentennial Rap: 1796-1996" (official bicentennial rap song) "Smoky Mountain Rain" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Memphis Grizzlies (NBA)Nashville Predators (NHL) Tennessee Titans (NFL)
Texas
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Texas NICKNAMES: Lone Star State POPULATION: Texas is home to 26,956,958 people. It is the second most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Austin MAJOR CITIES: Houston, pop. 2,195,914; San Antonio, pop. 1,409,019; Dallas, pop. 1,257,676; Austin, pop. 885,400; Fort Worth, pop. 792,727; El Paso, pop. 674,433; Arlington, pop. 379,577; Corpus Christi, pop. 316,381; Plano, pop. 274,409; Laredo, pop. 248,142; Lubbock, pop. 239,538; Garland, pop. 234,566; Irving, pop. 228,653 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Texas is 268,596 square miles, the second largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 8,749 feet at Guadalupe Peak, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Gulf of Mexico. Texas also has prairies, swamplands, plains, rock cliffs, and coastal areas. CLIMATE: Because Texas is so large, it has several different climates. Some areas, such as the Gulf Coast, have temperatures averaging 70°F (21°C) and get 45 inches of rain. The Panhandle, however, has temperatures averaging 60°F (15°C) and gets only 20 inches of rain a year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: December 29, 1845, as the 28th state STATE MOTTO: Friendship STATE SONG: "Texas, Our Texas" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Dallas Burn (MLS) Dallas Cowboys (NFL) Dallas Mavericks (NBA) Dallas Stars (NHL) FC Dallas (MLS) Houston Astros (MLB) Houston Comets (WNBA) Houston Rockets (NBA) Houston Texans (NFL)San Antonio Silver Stars (WNBA)San Antonio Spurs (NBA) Texas Rangers (MLB)
Utah
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Utah NICKNAMES: Beehive State POPULATION: Utah is home to 2,942,902 people. It is the 33th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Salt Lake City MAJOR CITIES: Salt Lake City, pop. 191,180; West Valley City, pop. 133,579; Provo, pop. 116,288; West Jordan, pop. 110,077 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Utah is 84,897 square miles, the 13th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 13,528 feet at Kings Peak, the highest point in the state, to 2,000 feet at Beaverdam Wash. Utah is made up of mountains, plateaus, and deserts. The Rocky Mountains, including the Uinta mountain range, run the length of the state from north to south. The Great Basin, a desert-like area, is located in the west. The Colorado Plateau is a mountainous area in the middle of Utah that has many natural rock formations including sandstone towers, canyons, gorges, and natural bridges. The Great Salt Lake and the Great Salt Desert, located in northern Utah, are the remains of a prehistoric sea that dried up thousands of years ago. CLIMATE: Utah's climate is generally dry, except in the mountains where as much as 10 feet of snow falls every year. The average winter temperature is around 32°F (0°C) throughout the state. In the summer, the average daytime temperature is 70°F (21°C), but during the night, temperatures drop to between 55°F and 65°F (12°C and 18°C). Temperatures vary widely across the state, and in some areas, such as Salt Lake City, temperatures may reach 90°F (32°C) during the summer. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: January 4, 1896, as the 45th state STATE MOTTO: Industry STATE SONG: "Utah, This Is the Place" (song) "Utah, We Love Thee" (hymn) PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Real Salt Lake (MLS) Utah Jazz (NBA)
Vermont
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Vermont NICKNAMES: Green Mountain State POPULATION: Vermont is home to 626,562 people. It is the 50th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Montpelier MAJOR CITIES: Burlington, pop. 42,284; South Burlington, pop. 18,612; Rutland, pop. 16,126; Montpelier, pop. 7,755 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Vermont is 9,616 square miles, the 45th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 4,393 feet at Mount Mansfield, the highest point in the state, to 95 feet at Lake Champlain. The Green Mountains of Vermont are made up of four separate groups: the Green Mountains, the Granite Hills, the Taconic Mountains, and the Red Sandrock Hills. The state also has forests and rugged terrain. Vermont, the only New England state that does not border the Atlantic Ocean, has about 400 lakes. CLIMATE: Vermont has long, snowy winters, and short summers. In the winter, the average temperature ranges from 14°F to 22°F (-10°C to -5°C), but temperatures often drop below 0°F (-17°C). In the summer, temperatures are slightly above 70°F (21°C) in the valleys, and somewhat lower in the mountains. Vermont receives anywhere from 50 to 120 inches of snow annually. In most parts of the state, snow covers the ground for at least three months every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: March 4, 1791, as the 14th state STATE MOTTO: Freedom and Unity STATE SONG: "These Green Mountains" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: New England Patriots (NFL)
West Virginia
OFFICIAL NAME: State of West Virginia NICKNAMES: Mountain State POPULATION: West Virginia is home to 1,850,326 people. It is the 38th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Charleston MAJOR CITIES: Charleston, pop. 50,821; Huntington, pop. 49,177; Parkersburg, pop. 31,186 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: West Virginia is 24,230 square miles, the 41st largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 4,863 feet at Spruce Knob, the highest point in the state, to 240 feet at the Potomac River. The Allegheny Mountains dominate most of the state, giving West Virginia its nickname as the Mountain State. Two narrow strips of land, called panhandles, extend from West Virginia into neighboring states. Ohio and Pennsylvania surround the northern panhandle, while the eastern panhandle lies between Maryland and Virginia. The eastern panhandle is part of the geological region known as the Ridge and Valley Province. Here, long, forested mountain ridges alternate with valleys along the Shenandoah River. Other major rivers include the New, Kanawha, and Ohio Rivers. CLIMATE: West Virginia has a temperate climate with warm summers and cold winters. During the summer, average temperatures range between 68°F and 76°F (20°C and 24°C). During the winter, temperatures fall between 28°F and 38°F (-2°C and 3°C). West Virginia's valleys receive about 32 inches of rain every year, but more than 56 inches of rain and snow fall in the mountains. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: June 20, 1863, as the 35th state STATE MOTTO: Montani Semper Liberi (Mountaineers Are Always Free) STATE SONG: "The West Virginia Hills" "This Is My West Virginia""West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Wisconsin
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Wisconsin NICKNAMES: Badger State POPULATION: Wisconsin is home to 5,757,564 people. It is the 20th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Madison MAJOR CITIES: Milwaukee, pop. 599,164; Madison, pop. 243,344; Green Bay, pop. 104,779 (2013)
Wyoming
OFFICIAL NAME: State of Wyoming NICKNAMES: Cowboy State, Equality State POPULATION: Wyoming is home to 584,153 people. It is the least populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Cheyenne MAJOR CITIES: Cheyenne, pop. 62,448; Casper, pop. 59,628; Laramie, pop. 31,814 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Wyoming is 97,813 square miles, the 10th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 13,804 feet at Gannett Peak, the highest point in the state, to 3,099 feet at the Belle Fourche River. The Rocky Mountains run through the western part of the state. Some of the biggest ranges include the Tetons, the Wind River Range, and the Big Horn Mountains. Plains, hills, and buttes cover the eastern part of the state, and part of the South Dakota's Black Hills extend into Wyoming's northeast corner. The Wyoming Basins, made up of dry flat areas surrounded by mountains, are located in the middle of the state. The basin area features ridges and canyons. CLIMATE: Summers in Wyoming are warm, but winters can be long and harsh. Summer temperatures range from around 63°F (17°C) in the mountains to 68°F (20°C) in the southeastern part of the state. During the winter, the temperatures average 19°F (-7°C) in the mountains and 27°F (-2°C) at lower elevations. Wyoming is generally dry, with only 10 to 15 inches of rain falling every year in the mountain basins and on the plains. Mountain peaks, however, may receive as much as 200 inches of snow every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: July 10, 1890, as the 44th state STATE MOTTO: Equal Rights STATE SONG: "Wyoming" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: None
Washington State
OFFICIAL NAME: Washington State NICKNAMES: Evergreen State POPULATION: Washington is home to 7,061,530 people. It is the 13th most populous state in the United States (2014). CAPITAL: Olympia MAJOR CITIES: Seattle, pop. 652,405; Spokane, pop. 210,721; Tacoma, pop. 203,446; Vancouver, pop. 167,405; Bellevue, pop. 133,992; Everett, pop. 105,370; Olympia, pop. 48,338 (2013) GEOGRAPHY: Washington is 71,298 square miles, the 18th largest state in the United States. Altitudes range from 14,411 feet at Mt. Rainier, the highest point in the state, to sea level at the Pacific Ocean. Washington's major mountain ranges include the Olympic Mountains, Cascade Range, and Coeur d'Alene Mountains. From the rainforests in the Olympic Mountains on the Pacific coast, the land dips down to the Puget Sound. Major port cities on Puget Sound include Seattle, Tacoma, and Olympia. The Cascades begin further east, dividing the state in half from north to south. The Columbia Plateau, a dry region made up of layers of ancient lava, stretches eastward from the Cascades. The Columbia River enters Washington from Canada and flows to the Pacific Ocean. Other major rivers include the Snake and the Yakima. CLIMATE: The Cascade Mountain range creates different climates in eastern and western Washington. In the west, winters are wet and mild and summers are cool. During the winter, temperatures range from 32°F to 40°F (0°C to 4°C) on the Pacific coast, while summer temperatures average around 60°F (15°C). In the east, winter temperatures range from 20°F to 30°F (-6°C to -1°C), but can drop below 0°F (-17°C). In the summer, temperatures fall between 65°F and 75°F (18°C and 23°C). The Olympic Mountains in the west receive 140 inches of rain and snow annually, more than any other part of the country. An average of 37 inches of rain falls in Seattle every year. ADMITTED INTO THE UNION: November 11, 1889, as the 42nd state STATE MOTTO: Alki or Al-ki (Bye and Bye). STATE SONG: "Washington, My Home" PROFESSIONAL SPORTS TEAMS: Seattle Mariners (MLB) Seattle Seahawks (NFL) Seattle Sounders (MLS) Seattle Storm (WNBA)
