Lesson 1.2 Data Classification

when you think of ratio think of _________

0 meaning the absence of something

interval definition

If the data can be ordered and the arithmetic difference is meaningful.

ratio definition

Similar to interval data, except that they have a meaningful zero point and the ratio of two data points is meaningful.

shades of red paint in a home improvement store is qualitative data because

shades of paint are descriptions that cannot be measured

you can add, subtract, multiply and divide in what level of measurement?

ratio level

ordinal definition

Data that represent categories that have some associated order.

nominal definition

Data that represents whether a variable possesses some characteristic.

Suppose instead that you wish to know the number of students whose favorite pizza topping is sausage. Explain why this data value is not at the nominal level of measurement.

In the second scenario, the data value is a count of students who prefer sausage. This data value is quantitative, not qualitative, so it is not a label and would not be considered to be at the nominal level of measurement.

Suppose all students in a statistics class were asked what pizza topping is their favorite. Explain why these data are at the nominal level of measurement.

These data are nominal because the data simply describes or labels the different toppings of the pizza.

Quantative data

are counts and measurements (quantities)

Qualitive Data

are labels or descriptions (qualities) of traits

qualitative data is also known as

categorical data

when you think of interval think of _________

0 as a placeholder

The birth years of your classmates are collected. What level of measurement are these data?

Birth years can be ordered. It is also meaningful to subtract years to determine the difference in age. However, the year 0 A.D. does not mean the beginning of time. Therefore, birth years are at the interval level of measurement.

Determine the following classifications for the given data set: qualitative or quantitative; discrete, continuous, or neither; and level of measurement. Boiling points (on the Celsius scale) for various caramel candies

Calculations can be performed on boiling points because they are measurements, making these data quantitative. Temperatures are measurements, so the data are continuous. For the Celsius scale, a temperature of zero degrees is simply a placeholder and does not indicate the absence of heat. Therefore, data from the Celsius scale are always at the interval level of measurement.

Determine the following classifications for the given data set: qualitative or quantitative; discrete, continuous, or neither; and level of measurement. Colors contained in a box of crayons

Colors are labels, so these data are qualitative. Qualitative data are neither discrete nor continuous. There are many ways to order colors, such as alphabetically or based on the color spectrum. However, when discussing colors of crayons, order is not the primary factor, as opposed to data such as rankings, in which order is important. Therefore, the data are at the nominal level of measurement.

The genres of the music performed at the original Grammys in 1959.

Despite the fact that you may have your own personal preference for specific genres of music, there is no standard order. Therefore, music genres are nominal data.

Data at the ordinal level are quantitative only. True or False

False

discrete data

Numerical data values that can usually be COUNTED

continuous data

Numerical data values that can usually be MEASURED

The seat numbers on your concert tickets, such as A23 and A24.

Seat numbers are ordinal because there is a meaningful order to the data, namely, the position in the theater.

Determine the following classifications for the given data set: qualitative or quantitative; discrete, continuous, or neither; and level of measurement. The top ten Spring Break destinations as ranked by USA Today

Since the rankings cannot be meaningfully added or subtracted, the data must be qualitative. Qualitative data are neither discrete nor continuous. The rankings are in a specific order, so the data are at the ordinal level of measurement.

Consider the ages in whole years of US presidents when they were inaugurated. What level of measurement are these data?

The ages of US presidents are measurable, can be ordered, and differences between data entries are meaningful. Therefore, ages are at the ratio level of measurement.

Determine the following classifications for the given data set: qualitative or quantitative; discrete, continuous, or neither; and level of measurement. Finishing times for runners in the Labor Day 1010 K race

The amount of time it takes for each runner to run the race is quantitative since calculations performed on these data are meaningful. A finishing time is a measurement, therefore the data are continuous. Differences between finishing times are meaningful, and a time of zero represents the absence of racing. We could also say that Andrew finished the race in half of Peyton's time; thus, the data are at the ratio level of measurement.

__________ data can take on any value in a given range of numbers, such as length and weight.

continuous

Temperatures in Fahrenheit of cities in South Carolina

continuous example bc temperatures can be measured

ratio level of measurement

data are quantitative, can be ordered with meaningful differences, and the zero point indicates the absence of something

For example, the number of pets you have would be _________ because you can have either 22 pets or 33 pets, but not 2.752.75 pets.

discrete

Numbers of houses in various neighborhoods in a city

discrete example bc the number of houses are counted in whole numbers

third level of measurement

interval level

quantitative data- meaningful zero? no means it's _____ and yes means it's ______

interval, ratio

when you think of nominal think of _______

names

Data at the nominal level of measurement are qualitative, consisting of labels or names. Because we cannot add labels or names together,

no calculations can be made.

The first and lowest level of measurement is the

nominal level

qualitative data- natural order? no means it's _____ and yes means it's _____

nominal, ordinal

Four levels of measurement

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

numbers of paint choices available at different stores is quantitative data because

numbers of paint choices must be counted

when you think of ordinal think of ________

order

Data at the ordinal level can be arranged in a natural, ___________ rating or ranking.

ordered

The second level of measurement is the

ordinal level

nominal and ordinal levels of measurement are both ________

qualitative

Data at the nominal level of measurement are

qualitative data consisting of labels or names

Data at the ordinal level of measurement are

qualitative data that can be arranged in a meaningful order, but calculations such as addition or division do not make sense

data at the interval level are

quantitative

interval and ratio levels of measurement are both ________

quantitative

Data at the interval level of measurement are

quantitative data that can be arranged in a meaningful order, and differences between data entries are meaningful

Data at the ratio level of measurement are

quantitative data that can be ordered, differences between data entries are meaningful, and the zero point indicates the absence of something

The higher the level of measurement is,

the more mathematical calculations that can be performed on the data.

fourth and final level of measurement is

the ratio level

Qualitative Data: Consist of labels or descriptions of traits of the sample, also known as categorical data. Quantitative Data: Consist of counts or measurements and therefore, are numerical. Continuous Data: Data that can take on any value within some interval. Discrete Data: Data that can take on values that are countable, such as 00, 11, and 22. Nominal Data: Data that represent whether a variable possesses some characteristic. Ordinal Data: Data that represent categories that have some associated order. Interval Data: Data that can be ordered and the arithmetic difference is meaningful. Ratio Data: Data that are similar to interval data, except that they have a meaningful zero point and the ratio of two data points is meaningful.

types of data