5.3-5.7

Alkanes are organic compounds that contain the elements _______ and _______.

carbon; hydrogen

Which of the following statements correctly describe the structure of an ionic compound?

1) An ionic compound consists of a three-dimensional array of cations and anions. 2) The ratio of cations to anions is such that the compound is electrically neutral overall. 3) The three-dimensional arrangement of cations and anions is called a lattice.

Select the statements that correctly describe naming an oxoanion.

1) An oxoanion containing two fewer oxygen atoms than the -age ion is called the hypo...ite ion. 2) An oxoanion containing one more oxygen atom than the -ate ion will have the prefix per- added.

Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are correct?

1) Ca3N2 2) CaO 3) Na2S

Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy (increasing strength of the ionic bond) based on general trends in lattice energy. Start with the compound that has the lowest lattice energy at the top of the list.

1) CaBr2 2) MgCl2 3) Li2O

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name an ionic compound?

1) For a monatomic anion, the element name is changed to end in -ide. 2) The cation is named first and the anion second.

Which of the following statements correctly describe ionic bonding?

1) Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. 2) An ionic bond is the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions.

Consider the formation of an ionic bond between the elements potassium (K) and chlorine (C). Which of the following statements describe this process correctly?

1) K loses one electron from its 4s orbital to form a K+ cation. 2) Both the K+ and Cl- ions have full outer shells containing 8 electrons. 3) The total number of electrons lost equals the total number of electrons gained.

Which of the following options correctly describe lattice energy?

1) Lattice energy provides a measure of the strength of an ionic bond. 2) Lattice energy is the energy required to separate 1 mol of an ionic solid into gaseous ions.

Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of decreasing lattice energy (decreasing strength of the ionic bond) based on general periodic trends. Highest lattice energy at the top of the list.

1) MgO 2) Na2O 3) KBr

Which of the following statements correctly describe a molecular formula?

1) Subscripts in the molecular formula indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the compound. 2) The molecular formula CH_4 represents a molecule that contains 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.

Which of the following options correctly describe a polyatomic ion?

1) The atoms of a polyatomic ion are held together by covalent bonds. 2) The charge on a polyatomic ion belongs to the whole unit.

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name an ionic compound?

1) The cation is named first and the anion second. 2) For a monatomic anion, the element name is changed to end in -ide.

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to determine the charge of a monatomic ion using the periodic table?

1) The charge of most transition metal cations cannot readily be predicted from the periodic table. 2) Zn always forms the Zn2+ ion. 3) Elements that form cations in Group 1 and 2 form ions with a charge equal to the group number.

Consider the formula for the ionic compound Na2O. Which of the following statements correctly interpret this formula?

1) The compound contains 2 Na+ ions for every O2- ion. 2) The cation in this compound is Na+.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the general characteristics of a covalent bond?

1) The covalent bond involves the attraction between the nucleus of each atom and the electrons of the other. 2) A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Which of the following statements correctly describe the format used to represent an ionic compound?

1) The number of atoms/ions in the formula is indicated by a subscript. 2) Subscripts in the formula for an ionic compound are always reduced to the simplest ratio. 3) In the formula of an ionic compound the cation is always placed first.

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to name a binary molecular compound?

1) The second element is named with its root and the suffix -ide. 2) The name of the first element remains unchanged, except for the addition of a prefix where appropriate. 3) A Greek numerical prefix is used to indicate the number of atoms of each element in the compound.

Which of the following factors affect the magnitude of the lattice energy for an ionic compound?

1) The size of the ions 2) The charges of the ions

Which of the following options are correct names for ionic compounds?

1) potassium chloride 2) copper (II) oxide

When the elements Mg and Cl form an ionic bond, Mg loses __ electron(s) from the 3s orbital to form the Mg2+ cation. Cl gains __ electron(s) in the 3p orbital to form the Cl- anion. Since the total number of electrons lost always equals the total number of electrons gained, the compound formed will contain __ Mg2+ ion(s) for every __ Cl- ion(s).

2, 1, 1, 2

Which of the following statements correctly defines a molecule?

A molecule is an independent structure consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

NH_4^+

Ammonium

How is a monatomic main group cation properly named?

By adding the word ion to the name of the element

How is a monatomic main group cation properly named?

By adding the word ion to the name of the element.

Which of the following compounds are organic?

C_7H_16 C_2H_6O

Which of the following formulas for ionic compounds are written correctly?

CaCO_3 Mg_3(PO_4)_2 NaNO_3

Chlorine forms the _______ ion.

Chloride

ClO_2^-

Chlorite

Molecular Formula

Element symbols with numerical subscripts to give the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Fluorine forms the _______ ion.

Fluoride

OH-

Hydroxide

ClO^-

Hypochlorite

An ionic compound consists of a three-dimensional array of cations and anions called a(n) _______.

Lattice

NO3-

Nitrate

NO2-

Nitrite

ClO_4^-

Perchlorate

PO_4^3-

Phosphate

space-filling model

Shows an accurately scaled image of the molecule with spheres giving the relative size of the atoms, angles, and distance between nuclei

ball and stick model

Shows the atoms as balls and the bonds as sticks with the angles between the bonds accurate

The compound MgS is correctly named magnesium _______.

Sulfide

Anions...

The ion charge is calculated by subtracting 8 from the last digit of the group number.

Which statement about naming cations of main group metals is correct?

When a metal forms a cation, the word ion is added to the name, without changing the name of the metal.

P_2 and P_4 are _______ of phosphorus, two distinct forms of the same element.

allotropes

When naming a molecular compound, the number of _______ of each element is indicated by a Greek numerical prefix. The first element in the name is numbered only when more than _______ atom of that element is present.

atoms; one

A molecule is an independent structure composed of two or more atoms chemically ______ together. A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element is called a homonuclear _______ molecule.

bonded; diatomic

When naming a binary ionic compound, the _______ is always named first and the _______ second. To name the anion, the root of the nonmetal name is added to the suffix -___. The anion O2- is therefore named _______.

cation; anion; ide; oxide

The ionic compound CrCl_3 is correctly named _______.

chromium (III) chloride

The compound Cu_2O is correctly named _______.

copper (I) oxide

The compound Cu2O is correctly named _______.

copper(I) oxide

The bonds formed between two nonmetals, which are usually very similar in their tendency to lose or gain electrons, is a(n) _______ bond. This bond involves the _______ of one or more electron pairs between the two atoms.

covalent; sharing

The lattice energy of an ionic compound tends to _______ as ionic size increases and tends to _______ as the charge of one or both of the ions increases, although the arrangement of the ions in the solid also plays a role. NaCl will, therefore, have a _______ lattice energy than NaBt but a _______ lattice energy than Na2O.

decrease; increase; greater; lower

In a given chemical compound, the component _______ are present in _______ proportions by mass, regardless of the source of the compound.

elements; fixed

The bond typically observed when a metal bonds to a nonmetal is the _______ bond. The metal atom _______ one or more valence electrons while the nonmetal _______ electrons.

ionic; loses; gains

The amount of energy required to separate 1 mole of ions in a crystalline solid into separate gaseous ions is called _______ energy. This energy provides a measure of the strength of a(n) _______ bond, since the stronger the bond, the _______ the amount of energy required to break it.

lattice; ionic; greater

What is the correct name of the ionic compound Li3N?

lithium nitride

What is the correct name of the ionic compound Li_3N?

lithium nitride

Each element in a given compound compromises a fixed percent by _______ of the compound. This observation is summarized by the law of definite _______.

mass; proportions

The _______ formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element in one molecule of compound.

molecular

A unit that contains two or more atoms covalently bonded together but that has an overall charge is called __ ion. Many __ compounds contain such units

polyatomic; ionic

Structural Formula

shows the relative placement and connections of atoms in the molecule with either pairs of dots for electrons or a line to represent the bonds

What is the correct systematic name for the compound Na_2CO_3?

sodium carbonate

Greek numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element present in a molecular compound. Four atoms of the same element will be named with the prefix _______, while the prefix _______ is used to indicate two atoms of the same element.

tetra-;di-

Main-Group Cations...

the ion charge equals the group number

Empirical Formula

the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound