6
April delegates work tasks to her employees rather than micro-managing them and she trusts her employees to come up with their own approach to certain tasks. April is attempting to instill a sense of _____ in her employees.
self-determination
The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success is known as
self-efficacy
Which of the following is the motivating force with the strongest performance effect?
self-efficacy/competence
The need to hold a high evaluation of oneself and to feel effective and respected by others is a(n) _____ need.
self-regard
_____ reflects how complicated the information and actions involved in a task are, as well as how much the task changes.
task complexity
Which of these refer to the learning plans and problem-solving approaches used to achieve successful performance?
task strategies
The efficacy of an individual can be dictated by all of these except:
the valence of rewards
The anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance is known as
valence
S.M.A.R.T. goals
Specific Measurable Achievable Result-based Time-sensitive
Efficacy is dictated by _____, where feelings of fear or anxiety can create doubts about task accomplishment, while pride and enthusiasm can bolster confidence levels
emotional cues
Don feels that he is not getting the same rewards as his colleague. He believes that this situation can only be alleviated by restoring balance to the comparison ratios. Don is experiencing
equity distress
In equity theory, the internal tension that is caused by an imbalance to the ratios is known as
equity distress
Which theory suggests that employees create a "mental ledger" of the outcomes they get from their job duties?
equity theory
The set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee, initiates work-related effort, and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence is known as
motivation
Motivation is a critical consideration because effective job performance is largely a function of
motivation and ability
The cognitive groupings or clusters of outcomes that are viewed as having critical psychological or physiological consequences are known as
needs
The dimensions of psychological empowerment include all of these except:
needs
When employees consider efficacy levels for a given task, they first consider their
past accomplishments
The need for the food, shelter, safety, and protection required for human existence is a _____ need.
physiological
The need to perform tasks that one cares about and that appeal to one's ideals and sense of purpose is a _____ need.
self-actualization
Expectancy is a subjective probability ranging from
0 to 1
The need to be able to predict and control one's future is a(n) _____ need.
autonomy
In equity theory, rethinking your inputs to restore mental balance without altering your behavior in any way is known as
cognitive distortion
Comparison with others in the same organization doing substantially different jobs is
company equity
The person who seems to provide an intuitive frame of reference for judging equity is known as
comparison order
David is a commercial financial analyst but wants to become a commercial lender, so he engages in self-directed learning, seeks out feedback from his managers, and manages his own workload. David is attempting to build his own _____ at his job.
competence
Thomas is considering his efficacy level for making Christmas dinner for 24 people. Thomas takes pride in his cooking skills and is always enthusiastic about cooking and entertaining dinner guests. Which of the following dictates Thomas's efficacy?
emotional cues
_____ theory acknowledges that motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances, but also what happens to other people.
equity
The belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance of some task is known as
expectancy
_____ theory argues that employee behavior is directed toward pleasure and away from pain or, more generally, toward certain outcomes and away from others.
expectancy
Which theory focuses most specifically on describing the cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses?
expectancy theory
When someone from another company is referred to as the 'comparison other', one is involved in a(n)
external comparison
Motivation that is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance is known as _____ motivation.
extrinsic
Philip is looking to beat the top scorer in his organizational behavior class. However, the instructor would not reveal the points Philip has attained so far including the tests, class participation, and peer evaluation. Which of the following moderator may help Philip?
feedback
_____ consists of updates on employee progress toward goal attainment.
feedback
As described in the text, the meaning of money has which of the following facet(s)?
freedom
_____ is defined as the degree to which a person accepts a goal and is determined to try to reach it.
goal commitment
_____ are defined as the objective or aim of an action and typically refer to attaining a specific standard of proficiency, often within a specified time limit.
goals
Which of the following is a unit-focused compensation plan element?
grainsharing
Allan, the new Business School dean, has done a good job moving the Business School forward toward accreditation of its program. For Allan, this achievement translates as _____ in his position as the dean of the school.
impact
Which of the following reflects the sense that a person's actions "make a difference," indicating that progress is being made toward fulfilling some important purpose?
impact
Kelly believes that if she successfully earns her MBA, she'll be promoted to a midlevel executive manager position. She is therefore motivated to earn an MBA. Kelly is exhibiting which of the following?
instrumentality
Kendra is more motivated when successful performance helps her attain attractive outcomes, such as bonuses, while helping her avoid unattractive outcomes such as terminations. Kendra's level of motivation is dependent on which of the following?
instrumentality
Technically, _____ is a set of subjective probabilities, each ranging from 0 to 1, that successful performance will bring a set of outcomes.
instrumentality
The belief that successful performance will result in some outcome(s) is known as
instrumentality
A(n) _____ involves a 'comparison other' in the same company.
internal comparison
Motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward is known as _____ motivation.
intrinsic
Stefana has loved working with the local Red Cross chapter for the last four summers. Because of its charitable nature, she probably views the job as high in
meaningfulness
_____ captures the value of a work goal or purpose, relative to a person's own ideals and passions.
meaningfulness
Equity has a _____ effect on organizational commitment.
moderate positive
Equity has a _____ effect on citizenship behavior and a _____ effect on counterproductive behavior.
moderate positive; moderate negative
An energy rooted in the belief that work tasks contribute to some larger purpose is known as
psychological empowerment
Motivation has a _____ effect on job performance.
strong positive
Ethan wants to call his colleagues and boss home for his first wedding anniversary, but feels that he might fall short of expectations. His friend, Mathew encourages him and assures him that the party would be successful. Which of the following considerations will dictate Ethan's self-efficacy?
verbal persuasion
Employees consider _____ for a given task, by taking into account their observations and discussions with others who have performed similar tasks.
vicarious experiences
Sharon is considering her efficacy level for making Thanksgiving dinner for 12 people. Sharon has watched her mother successfully make Thanksgiving dinner for 20 people for 10 years. Which of the following is Sharon considering?
vicarious experiences